Cognitive behavioral and attachment based family therapy for improving depressive symptoms and life satisfaction in depressed adolescents

Subject Areas : Tectonostratigraphy

B. Omidvar ¹ (دانشجوی دکتری مشاوره خانواده، گروه مشاوره، دانشکدهی روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه اصفهان، ایران)
F. Bahrami ² (عضو هیات علمی دانشکده رواشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه اصفهان، ایران)
M. Fatehizade ³ (عضو هیات علمی دانشکده رواشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه اصفهان، ایران)
O. Etemadi ⁴ (عضو هیات علمی دانشکده رواشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه اصفهان، ایران)
A. Ghanizadeh ⁵ (عضو هیات علمی دانشکده رواشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه اصفهان، ایران)

Received: 2015-11-09 Accepted : 2015-11-09 Published : 2015-08-23

Keywords: Depression, life satisfaction, attachment,

Abstract :

This study aims to investigate the efficacy of treatment can be increased by integrating cognitive behavioral treatment and attachment-based family psychotherapy, and would improve symptoms of depression in adolescents and increase their life satisfaction. This study was a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest study. The statistical population comprised all public high school female students of 2012 in Shiraz city of Iran. To that end, 40 high school students between 15 and 17 ages were selected using cluster sampling method. Their score on the children depression scale (CDI) exceeded mean score by standard deviation of 1.5, and they had depression symptoms according to the K-SADS diagnostic test. Finally, given the study inclusion and exclusion criteria, they were divided into 3 experimental and one control groups. The experimental groups included behavioral-cognitive therapy, attachment-based family therapy, and combined behavioral-cognitive therapy and attachment-based family therapy. Results showed that in both post-test and follow-up stages, all 3 types of treatments were able to reduce depression symptoms (P=0/0001). and increase life satisfaction(for ABFT, CBT, and combined therapy in post test (P≤0/01) and in follow up (P≤0/05). But in follow up 2 there was significant differences between ABFT and combined therapy (P= 0/016), and between CBT and combined therapy(P=0/050). Also there was significant difference between control group with ABFT, CBT, and combined therapy (P≤0/001). In the life satisfaction area, there was significant differences between CBT and combined therapy (P= 0/05) and between control group with all type of therapy (P=0/0001).
Combined therapy was more effective than the other therapies in long time.

References:

1. دهشیری، غ؛ نجفی، م؛ شیخی، م؛ حبیبی عسگرآباد، م. (1388). بررسی مقدماتی ویژگی­های روانسنجی پرسشنامه افسردگی کودکان(CDI)، خانواده پژوهی، (2)5، 159-177.


2. سمحمدی، ک؛ برجعلی، ا؛ اسکندری، ن.(1389). کارایی بالینی پرسشنامه افسردگی کودکان در تشخیص اختلال افسردگی کودکان و نوجوانان. مجله روانشناسی بالینی(5)1، 1-9.


3. Ainsworth, M. D. S.(1989). Attachment beyond infancy. American Psychologist, 44, 709-716.


4. Allen, J.P., Moore, C., Kuperminc, G., & Bell, K.(1998). Attachment and adolescent psychological  functioning. Child Development, 69, 1406-1419.

5.      Ambrosini, P. J.(2000). Historical development and present status of the schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school-age children (K-SADS). Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 39,49–58.

6. Armsden, G. C., & Greenberg, M. T.(1987). The inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment: Individua  differences and their relationship to psychological well- being in adolescent. Journal of Youth and  Adolescence, 16, 427-454.


7. Barrett, P.M., Dadds, M.M., Rapee, R.M., & Ryan, S.M.(1996). Family treatment of childhood anxiety: a controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 6, 333-342.


8. Bradford, K., Vaughn, L., & Barber, B. (2008).  When there is conflict: Interparental conflict,  and youth problem behaviors.  Journal of Family Issues, 29, 780-805.


9. Brent, D. A., Holder, D., Kolko, D., Birmaher, B., Baugher, M., Roth, C., & Johnson, B. (1997). A clinical psychotherapy trial for adolescent depression comparing cognitive, family, and supportive treatments. Archives of General Psychiatry,54, 877−885.


10. Buist, K.L., Dekovic, M., Meeus, W.H., & Van Aken, M. A.G. (2004). The reciprocal relationship between    early adolescent attachment and internalizing and externalizing problem behavior. Journal of  Adolescence, 27, 251-266.


11. Diamond, G., Siqueland,  L & Diamond, G. M. (2003). Attachment-based family therapy for depressed adolescents: Programmatic treatment development. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 6, 107-127.


12. Fleming, J. E & Offord D. R. (1990). Epidemiology of childhood depressive disorders: a critical review.Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Pstchiatry, 29, 571-580.


13. Ghanizadeh, A., Mohammadi, M. R., & Yazdanshenas, A. (2006).  Psychometric properties of the Farsi translation of the Kiddie  Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia–Present and  Lifetime Version.  BMC Psychiatry, 15, 10.


14. Johnson, S. M., & Whiffen, V. (Eds.). (2003). Attachment processes in couple and family therapy. New York: The Guilford Press.


15. Khodayarifard(2013). Family therapy based on cognitive-behavioral approach for depressed adolescent: a case study. European Psychiatry,17, 53-63.


16. Kovacs, M. (1992). The children’s depression inventory (C.D.I.) manual. New York: Multi-Health Systems Inc.


17. Milne, L. C. & Lancaster, S. (2001). Predictors of depression in female adolescents. Adolescence, 36, 207-223.


18. Rossello, J., & Bernal, G. (1999). The efficacy of cognitive-behavioral and interpersonal treatments for depression in Puerto Rican adolescents. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67, 734–745.


19. Stark, K. D., Simpson, J., Schnoebelen, S., Glenn, R., Hargrave, J., & Molnar, J. (2005). ACTION workbook. Ardmore, PA: Workbook Publishing.

Weisz, J., McCarty, C., & Valeri, S. (2006). Effects of psychotherapy for depression in children and adolescents. Psychological Bulletin, 132, 132–149.