Farmers' Perception of the Seriousness of the Declining Groundwater Volume and their Reactions to Mitigation of its undesirable Outcomes (Case Study: The Hamedan - Bahar Plain)
Subject Areas : Subjects
Nemat Hassani
1
(دانشیار دانشکده مهندسی عمران، آب و محیط زیست دانشگاه شهید بهشتی تهران)
Payam Yadollahi
2
(کارشناس ارشد مدیریت در سوانح طبیعی از دانشگاه شهید بهشتی تهران)
Ali Asghar Mortazavi
3
(استادیار دانشگاه شهید بهشتی تهران)
Keywords: Effective factors on farmers' attitudes, Water resource management behaviors, Descriptive study, Water users,
Abstract :
The declining groundwater resources have jeopardized food security in many marginal drylands. As Iran is dependent on this immensely precious resource that provides some 60% of its needs in hydrologically normal years, and undoubtedly more during droughts, the populace, particularly their irrigation farmers have to be concerned with this dwindling resource. Therefore, the farmers' attitudes towards utilization of groundwater resources are of utmost importance. The purpose of this study, which was implemented through questionnaires, was an assessment of some effective factors, which govern the farmer’s attitudes towards water resources management behaviors in Hamedan-Bahar Plain. Of the 476 farmers who operated wells deeper than 150 meters, 250 were randomly selected for this study. The data were analyzed using the multiple regression analysis based on their answers. The results indicated that understanding of vulnerabilities (β=0.48), realization of the damage (β =0.55), perception of the barriers to water conservation (β =0.57) and acceptance of responsibility for mismanagement of groundwater resources (B=0.42) had significant correlation coefficients (p <0.01).
1) احسانی، م و.، خالدی، ه.، ١٣٨٢ . شناخت و ارتقاء بهرهوری آب کشاورزی به منظور تأمین امنیت آبی و غذایی کشور. یازدهمین همایش کمیته ملی آبیاری و زهکشی ایران . تهران . صص ٦٧٥ ٦٥٧.
2) احمدی، ب.، میرفردی، ا.، و زارعی ق. 1392. بررسی رابطه مسئولیتپذیری و گرایش به صرفهجویی در مصرف آب. فصلنامه جامعه شناسی کاربردی24(50): 185-200.
3) افشاری، ز. ١٣٨٧، عوامل مؤثر بر نگرش ها و رفتارهای پایداری در بین پنبهکاران استان اصفهان. پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی. دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی رامین.
4) اکرمی، م. ١٣٧٥ . چگونگی مشارکت زارعین در مدیریت آبیاری. مجموعه مقالات کمیته ملی آبیاری و زهکشی. صص14-5
5) پناهی، ف و.ملک محمدی ، ا. 1387. مدیریت بهینه منابع آب کشاورزی:گامی به سوی توسعه پایدار. مجموعه مقالات همایش ملی توسعه پایدار (٧ و ٨ دی ماه، اهواز) صص 498-489.
6) پناهی، ف،. ملک محمدی، ا.، و چیذری، م. 1391 تحلیل موانع به کارگیری مدیریت بهینه آب در نظام کشاورزی ایران. فصلنامه روستا و توسعه 15(4)، صص41-23.
7) پورزند، الف. 1381، بهبود مدیریت مصرف آب اولین گام برای دستیابی به امنیت غذایی، مجموعه مقالات یازدهمین سمینار کمیته ملی آبیاری و زهکشی تهران، صص 467ـ 455.
8) درویشی، ا.، و آرخی، ص. ١٣٨٧ . مدیریت پایدار منابع آب کشاورزی از طریق افزایش راندمان آبیاری. مجموعه مقالات همایش ملی توسعه پایدار)اهواز.(صص ٥٠٦-٤99
9) صبوحی، ه.، سلطانی، ع.، و زیبایی،م 1386، ارزیابی راهکارهای مدیریت منابع آب زیرزمینی، مطالعه موردی دشت فریمان در استان خراسان، علوم و فنون کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، سال پانزدهم و شماره اول (ب) صص 484ـ 475.
10) کرمی، ع.،. نصرآبادی، ع.، و رضایی مقدم، ک. ١٣٧٩ . پیامدهای نشر فناوری آبیاری بارانی بر نابرابری و فقر روستایی . فصلنامه اقتصاد کشاورزی و توسعه. سال هشتم. شماره ٣١ . صص ١٨٦-163
11) محمدی، 1386 . تحلیل زمینهها و سازوکارهای مدیریت آب کشاورزی در شهرستان زریندشت، استان فارس. پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، انتشارات دانشگاه تهران، تهران. منصور فر ک 1388 . روشهای آماری دانشگاه تهران .
12) Atari, D. O. A., Yiridoe, E. K., Smale, S, and P. N Duinker. 2009. What motivates farmers to participate in the Nova Scotia environmental farm plan program? Evidence and environmental policy implications. Journal of Environmental Management. 90: 1269-1279.
13) Ajili, A., and Mousavi T. 2013. Relationships between Farmers’ behaviors towards environmental resources and water resource management: The case of Khuzestan Province, Iran. American Journal of Experimental Agriculture 3: 455-469.
14) Alam, MM., Siwar C., MollaTalib RI. B., and Toriman ME. 2012. Paddy farmers’ adaptation practices to climatic vulnerabilities in Malaysia, Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 17: 415-423
15) Azizi Khalkheili, T., and Zamani GH. 2009. Farmer participation in irrigation management: The case of Doroodzan Dam Irrigation Network, Iran. Agricultural Water Management 96:859-865.
16) Bayard, B., and Jolly, C. 2007. Environmental behavior structure and socio-economic conditions of hillside farmers: A multiple–group structural eqution modeling approach. Ecological Economic. 62: 433-440.
17) Baudoin, M.A., Cuni Sanchez A., and Fandohan, B. 2014. Small scale farmers’ vulnerability to climatic changes in southern Benin: The importance of farmers’ perceptions of existing institution. Mitig Adapt Strateg Glob Change 19:1195–1207.
18) Beedell, J., and Rehman, T. 2000. Using social-psychology models to understand farmers’ conservation behaviour. Journal of Rural Studies16:117-127.
19) Bekele, W., and Darke, L. 2003. Soil and water conservation decision behavior of subsistence farmers in the Eastern Highlands of Ethiopia: A case study of the Hunde-Lafto area. Ecological Economics 46:437-451.
20) Bjornland, H., Nicol, L., and Klein, K. K. 2008. The adoption of improved irrigation technology and management practices – A study of two irrigation districts in Alberta, Canada. Agricultural Water Management. 2647; 1-11.
21) Blanke, A., Rozelle, S., Lohmar, B., Wang, J. and Huang , J. 2007. Water saving technology and saving water in china.Agricultural Water Management 87:139-150.
22) Bohm, G. 2003. Emotional reactions to environmental risks. Journal of Environmental Psychology 23; 199-212.
23) Cai, X., McKinney, D. C., and Rosegrant, M. W. 2003. Sustainability analysis for irrigation water management in the Aral Sea region. Agricultural System 76:1043- 1066.
24) Chikozho, C. 2010. Applied social research and action priorities for adaptation to climate change and rainfall variability in the rainfed agricultural sector of Zimbabwe. Phys Chem Earth 35:780–790.
25) Delkhosh Kasmaei, A., Sharifzadeh, F., Seyed Naghavi, M.A., and, Ghorbanizadeh, V.A. 2011. Model of servant leadership, The University Police. Journal of Police 6:375-388.
26) -FAO, 2010. The State of food Insecurity in the world. Addressing food insecurity in protracted crises. Food and Agricultural
27) Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome.
28) Garling, T., Fujii, S., Garling, A., and Jakobsson, C. 2001. Moderating effects of social value orientation on determinants of proenvironmental behavior intention. Journal of Environmental Psychology 23: p 1-9.
29) Gebrehiwot, T., and van der Veen, A. 2014. Farmers prone to drought risk: Why some farmers undertake farm-level risk-reduction measures while others not? Journal of Environmental Management 52:29-44.
30) Gilg, A., and Barr, S. 2006. Behavioral attitudes towards water saving? Evidence from a study of environmental actions. Ecological Economics 57: 400-414.
31) Hisali, E., Birungi, P., and Buyinza, F. 2011. Adaptation to climate change in Uganda: Evidence from micro level data. Glob. Environ. Chang 21:1245–1261.
32) Huang, Q., Rozelle, S., Wang, J., and Huang, J.2009. Water management institutional reform: A representative look at northern China. Agricultural Water Management 96:215-225.
33) Michel-Guillou, E., and Moser, G. 2006. Commitment of farmers to environmental protection: From social pressure to environmental conscience. Journal of Environmental Psychology 26: 227-235.
34) Pahl, S., Harris, P. R., Todd, H. A, and Rutter, D. R. 2005. Comparative optimism for environmental risks. Journal of Environmental Psychology 25: 1-11
35) Playan, E., and Mateos, L. 2006. Modernization and optimization of irrigation system to increase water productivity. Journal of Agricultural Water Management. 18, 100-116.
36) Poussin, J., Imache, A., Beji, R., Grusse, P. L, and Benmihoub, A. 2008. Exploring regional irrigation water demand using typologies of farms and production units: An example from Tunisia. Agricultural Water Management 95: 973-983.
37) Reynolds, M., Blackmore, C., and Smith, M. J. 2009. The Environmental responsibility reader. London: Zed Books.
38) Rezaei-Moghadam, K., Karami, E., and Gibson, J. 2005. Conceptualizing sustainable agriculture : Iran as an illustrative case. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture. 27: 25-54.
39) Ritzema, H. P., Satyanarayana, T. V., Raman, S., and Boonstra, J. 2008. Subsurface drainage to combat waterlogging and salinity in irrigation lands in India: Leassons learned in farmers’ Fields. Agricultural Water Management 95: 179-189.
40) Roco, L., Engler, A., Boris, E., Ureta, B., and Jara-Rojas, R. 2014. Farmers’ perception of climate change in mediterranean Chile, Reg Environ. Change 17:1-13.
41) Salman, A. Z., and Al-Karablieh, E. 2004. Measuring the willingness of farmers to pay for groundwater in the highland areas of Jordan. Agricultural Water Management 68:61-76.
42) Senthilkumar, K., Bindraban, P.S., Thiyagarajan,T. M., de Ridder, N, and Giller, K. E. 2008. Modified rice cultivation in Tami Nadu, India: Yield gains and farmers’ (lack of) acceptance. Agricultural Systems 98: 82-94.
43) Shimola, K., and Krishnaveni, M. 2013. A study on farmers’ perception to climate variability and, change in a semi-arid basin. On a sustainable future of the Earth’s Natural Resources. Chapter32: 509-516.
44) Souza, E.V., and Silva, M.A. 2014. Management system for improving the efficiency of use water systems water supply. 12th International Conference on Computing and Control for the Water Industry. CCWI2013.70: 458 – 466.
Tucker, M and Napier, T. L. 2002. Preferred sources and channels of soil and water conservation information among farmers in three midwestern US
_||_