An Analysis of Centrality Measures of Iran’s Province Capitals based on Road and Air Connections (Using Gephi)

Subject Areas :

رحیم بردی Annamoradnejad ¹ (دانشیار جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری دانشگاه مازندران)
عیسی Annamoradnejad ² (دانشجوی کارشناسی‌ارشد رشته مهندسی نرم‌افزار دانشگاه صنعتی شریف)

Received: 2016-09-14 Accepted : 2017-09-26 Published : 2017-11-22

Keywords: Centrality Measures, Betweenness Centrality, Road Connections, Air Connections, Gephi software, Province Capitals,

Abstract :

Because of the market access enhancement and lowered transport costs, development of transport infrastructures has been shown to increase productivity, competition, and business activity. In this article, we calculate and analyze different centrality measures of Iran’s province capitals based on their road and air connections in 2015. In this regard, related information about road and air routes were accumulated and centrality and Betweenness rank of each province capital were determined. The result indicates major gaps between centrality measures of the cities based on air and road networks. The city of Hamedan has the highest Betweenness centrality value on road network with 0.293 and Urmia is at the bottom of the list with zero centrality. For Betweenness centrality based on air network, metropolises of Tehran and Mashhad are far ahead of the rest of the cities. It was noted that geographical factors such as location, particularly the lack of other cities in the surrounding or directly linked to neighboring cities with each other, are among the major factors in centrality rank of a city. Finally, we divided the selected 31 capital cities into four modularity classes based on their road connections. We also introduce Gephi software as a useful tool to calculate centrality measures. Research type is descriptive-analytic and method used to extract data is documental.

References:

امامی، محمدرضا (1391): راهکار بهره‌گیری از ظرفیت‌های حمل ونقل چند وجهی، نشریه بندر ودریا، سال 27، شماره 196، ص:18.

امین ناصری، محمدرضا و عباس محمودآبادی (1386): مدل ظرفیت سنجی ناوگان حمل ونقل جاده ای، مجله فنی و مهندسی مدرس، شماره 27، صص: 14-1.

امین‌ناصری، محمدرضا و برادران، وحید (1388): بررسی عوامل موثر بر زمان سفر در سیستم حمل‌ونقل عمومی و پیش‌بینی زمان سفر، موردکاوی: سیستم اتوبوس‌رانی شهر تهران، پژوهشنامه حمل‌ونقل، سال ششم، شماره سوم، صص 219- 232.

دلاوری، مریم (1387)، بررسی نابرابری‌های فضایی در دسترسی به خدمات درمانی عمومی و ارائه راهبردهایی جهت بهبود آن، پایان نامه دوره کارشناسی ارشد دانشکده ی معماری و شهرسازی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، استاد راهنما: محمد حسین شریف زادگان.

رضایی ارجرودی،عبدالرضا (1383): اهمیت و جایگاه صنعت حمل ونقل در ارتقاء و شکوفایی اقتصاد کشور، مجموعه مقالات یازدهمین کنفرانس دانشجویی عمران سراسر کشور، دانشگاه هرمزگان.

عمران­زاده، بهزاد، قرخلو، محمد و پوراحمد، احمد (1389): ارزیابی و تحلیل کارآیی سامانه حمل‌ونقل BRT و رضایت عمومی از آن در کلان­شهر تهران، پژوهش‌های جغرافیای انسانی، شماره 73، صص 19- 38.

Asemi Asefeh, AbuBakar Munir, Ali Alibeigi, Adeleh Asemi (2015). “Optimal Harmonization of Out-Network Traffic Control Regulations in Social Networks”. New Marketing Research Journal, (4) pp: 143-158

Bassens D., Derudder B., Otiso K., Storme T., Witlox F. (2012). “African gateways: Measuring airline connectivity change for Africa's global urban networks in the 2003-2009 period”. The South African geographical journal, 94 (2):103-119.

Bavelas Alex (1950). “Communication patterns in task-oriented groups”. J. Acoust. Soc. Am, 22 (6):725–730.

Blondel Vincent D, Jean-Loup Guillaume, Renaud Lambiotte, Etienne Lefebvre (2008). “Fast unfolding of communities in large networks”. Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment (10), P1000.

Brown, J. and G. West (2000). “Scaling in biology”. Oxford University Press.

Brown, J., J. Gillooly, A. Allen, V. Savage, and G. West (2004). “Toward a metabolic theoist

Calderon C.A., Serven L. (2004). “The Effects of Infrastructure Development on Growth and Income Distribution”. World Bank policy Research Working paper No.Wps 3400. Washington, DC, World Bank.

Crucitti, P., V. Latora, and S. Porta (2006). “Centrality measures in spatial networks of urban streets”. Physical Review E, 73 (3): 036125.

Decker, E. H., A. J. Kerkhoff, and M. E. Moses (2007). “Global patterns of city size distributions and their fundamental drivers”. PLoS ONE, 2 (9): e934.

Decker, E., S. Elliott, F. Smith, D. Blake, and F. Rowland (2000). “Energy and material flow through the urban ecosystem”. Annual Review of Energy and the Environment, 25: 685–740.

Derudder Ben, Xingjian Liu, Charles Kunaka, Mark Roberts  (2014). “The connectivity of South Asian cities in infrastructure networks”. Journal of Maps 10 (1):47-52.

Freeman, L.C. (1977). “A set of measures of centrality based on betweenness”. Sociometry, 40:35-41.

Gephi. (2016) Available at: http://gephi.org/ (accessed 21 Mar. 2016).

Gifford, J. L. (2005). “Access to Destinations, chapter Congestion and its Discontents”. pp. 39 –61. Elsevier.

Grazi, Fabio & Jeroen C.J.M. van den Bergh, (2008) “Spatial organization, transport, and climate change: Comparing instruments of spatial planning and policy”, Ecological Ecoomics, 67, 630 – 639.

Heymann, S. and Grand,B.L (2013): Visual Analysis of Complex Networks for Business Intelligence with Gephi, 17th International Conference on Information Visualisation, DOI 10.1109/IV.2013.39.

http://etik.ir/ticket.action

http://maps.google.com

http://vista.ir/article/3543

http://www.bahesab.ir/map/routing-city-distance

Krizek, K. J. (2005). “Access to Destinations, chapter Perspectives on Accessibility and Travel”. pp. 109 –130. Elsevier.

Newman, M. E. J. (2003). “The structure and function of complex networks”. SIAM Review, 45 (2): 167–256.

Odum, H. (1971). “Environment, power, and society”. Wiley-Interscience New York.

Odum, H. (1973). “Energy, ecology and economics”. Ambio, 2 (6): 220–227.

Samaniego, Horacio and Melanie E. Moses (2008). “Cities as organisms: Allometric scaling of urban road Networks”. journal of Transport and Land Use 1:1, pp. 21–39.

Sultana, S. and J. Weber (2007). “Journey-to-work patterns in the age of sprawl: Evidence from two midsize Southern metropolitan areas”. The Professional Geographer, 59 (2): 193–208.

UNEP (2011), Green Economy Report: http://www.unep.org/greeneconomy.

Watts D.J., Steven Strogatz (1998). “Collective dynamics of 'small-world' networks”. Nature 393 (6684): 440–442.

West, G. B. and J. H. Brown (2005). “The origin of allometric scaling laws in biology from genomes to ecosystems: Towards a quantitative unifying theory of biological structure and organization”. Journal of Experimental Biology, 208 (9): 1575–1592.