Analyzing the Spatial Distribution of Specialist Physician Offices in Ilam City and Determining Suitable Zones to Propose a Desirable Pattern

Subject Areas :

pakzad azadkhani ¹ (Assista I nt Professor, Department of Architecture and Urban Planning, Non-Profit University of Bakhtar, lam, Iran)
Kobra Mehrabi Mehrabi ² (- M. A of Geography and Urban Planning, Non-Profit University of Bakhtar, Ilam, Iran)

Received: 2020-01-25 Accepted : 2020-04-30 Published : 2022-02-20

Keywords: zoning, doctor office, finding locations, Ilam City,

Abstract :

Using the traditional methods for planning the special physician offices to give health and care services is wasting time and paper. Nowadays, GIS or Geographical Information System works as a means to create a proper and efficient bank of information. One of the uses of this positioning system is the land use for special physician offices. This study aims to evaluate the spatial distribution of specialist doctor offices in Ilam City and to determine suit able zones in order to provide a desirable pattern using a descriptive-analytical method. Data collection in this research has been done through library and field methods. The statistical population of the study consists of urban management experts, 20 of whom are selected through available sampling. The research questionnaire is distributed among them. Data analysis is performed using fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and integration with digital layers in Expert Choice and ArcGIS software. The stages for determining the locations of specialist doctor offices included preparing information layers in raster format for each criterion, classifying each information layer based on the value by using FUZZYAHP, combining all the information layers, applying the final coefficients of the FUZZYAHP model, and preparing the final map. After performing the necessary calculations and evaluations, the highest weight was given to the criterion of “population density and vulnerable population” (0.303), while the lowest weight was given to the criterion of “distance from commercial usages” (0.016). Considering the weights of the criteria and the overlap between the layers, ultimately the highly suitable areas with an area of 43 hectares, the zone with suitable location with an area of 176 hectares, the zone with relatively suitable location with an area of 225 hectares, the zone with unsuitable location with an area of 131 hectares, and the zone with highly unsuitable location with an area of 269 hectares for the establishment of specialist doctor offices in Ilam City were determined. The most suitable locations were in Area One of Ilam City Hall, zones 2 and 3; in Area Two of Ilam City Hall, zones 1 and 2; in Area Three of Ilam City Hall, zones 1, 2, and 3; and in Area Four of Ilam City Hall, zones 1, 2, and 4
Expanded Abstract
Extended abstract
Introduction: Using the traditional methods for planning the special physician offices to give health and care services is wasting time and paper. Nowadays, GIS or Geographical Information System works as a means to create a proper and efficient bank of information. One of the uses of this positioning system is the land use for special physician offices. health and care services and specialist specialized offices are are very important elements that lack of access to them can endanger the health of citizens.Increase urban problems, including environmental pollution and traffic, day by day. Impose more costs on citizens. And it challenges urban discipline. Quick access, timely and cheap these centers are very important in any society, especially in urban communities.This study aims to evaluate the spatial distribution of specialist doctor offices in Ilam City and to determine suit able zones in order to provide a desirable pattern. Ilam city as one of the cities of Ilam province and due to having some factors such as increasing population due to rural-urban migration and joining the surrounding villages to the city border, population density and density of different uses, especially specialized offices in the city center is encountering many problems in locating urban land uses. The duty of urban planners is to determine the optimal location of such centers, so that all urban residents have easy access to these centers. In addition, it can be said that planners try to optimize the distribution of service centers in cities and this distribution is proportional to population distribution and with the demand in different parts of the city. The present study was aimed to have a spatial-place analysis of specialized offices in Ilam city, determining suitable areas and providing a desirable model for this use, and the question that arises here is “how the spatial-place distribution of specialized offices in Ilam city? And what model can be presented for their optimal distribution?
 
Materials and Methods: The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical based on the data collection method that was conducted in 2018. Data collection in this research has been done through library and field methods. The statistical population of the study consists of urban management experts, 20 of whom are selected through available sampling. The research questionnaire is distributed among them. Data analysis is performed using fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and integration with digital layers in Expert Choice and ArcGIS software. The stages for determining the locations of specialist doctor offices included preparing information layers in raster format for each criterion, classifying each information layer based on the value by using FUZZYAHP, combining all the information layers, applying the final coefficients of the FUZZYAHP model, and preparing the final map. Also, the variables and criteria of this research include physical, population data, access and intervals for examining the distribution of the current situation and locating the optimal situation for the use of specialized offices in the city.
 
Results: The results show that most of the specialized offices in Ilam city are located in the central part of the city, i.e. Saadi area and 22 Bahman Square, and there are no offices in other areas or there are a few of them. In other words, specialized offices in Ilam do not have a suitable distribution. According to the results, specialized offices are in a good position in terms of population density index, vulnerable population, distance from educational centers, proximity to first-class access, and proximity to residential centers. However, in terms of the proximity criteria to health centers, the distance from the existing specialized offices, and the proximity to the incompatible uses are not in a good position. According to the surveys performed by experts in the field of urban management regarding the importance of standard criteria for the location of specialized offices, it can be stated that, After performing the necessary calculations and evaluations, the highest weight was given to the criterion of “population density and vulnerable population” (0.303), while the lowest weight was given to the criterion of “distance from commercial usages” (0.016). Considering the weights of the criteria and the overlap between the layers, ultimately the highly suitable areas with an area of 43 hectares.
 
Conclusion: The results of this study  are consistent with the study of Amar et al. (2012), Rahimi et al. (2014) and Ghazanfarpour et al. (2015) in terms of non-spatial distribution of specialized offices and health centers and consistent with Varesi et al. (2014) in terms of lack of access of some urban areas to healthcare facilities. Also, the results are consistent with the research of Amar et al. (2012) due to non-compliance with some standard criteria in the location of specialized offices, and consistent with the results of Khakpour et al. (2014), Ghazanfarpour et al. (2015), Cinnamon et al. (2008) and Cheng et al., (2009). The present study is consistent with the research of Ahadnejad et al. (2014), Moradpour et al. (2015) in terms of the evaluation of the studied layers, but is not consistent in terms of the importance of each of the criteria. However, the results of Parsai Moghadam et al. (2016) are consistent with the results of the present study in terms of determining the proximity to population density in the establishment of medical centers. The most suitable locations were in Area One of Ilam City Hall, zones 2 and 3; in Area Two of Ilam City Hall, zones 1 and 2; in Area Three of Ilam City Hall, zones 1, 2, and 3; and in Area Four of Ilam City Hall, zones 1, 2, and 4.

References:

1. 
   

   1- Ahadnejad, M., Ghaderi, H., Hadian, M., Haghighatfard, P., Darvishi, B., & Haghighatfard, E., et al. (2015). Location Allocation of Health Care Centers Using Geographical Information System: region 11 of Tehran. Journal of Fasa University of Medical Sciences. 2015; 4 (4): 463-474.

   
   

   2- Akhgar, M.F. (2008). Land use planning program of Marivan city using geographical information system. Master''s thesis: Isfahan, Faculty of Graduate Studies, Najafabad University.

   
   

   3- Amar, T., Hassanpour, R., & Rahimizadeh, Sh. (2012). Spatial-location analysis of specialized offices in Rasht and its consequences. Journal of Geography and Urban Planning of Zagros Landscape, 4(13): 69-87.

   
   

   4- Azizi, M. (2004). Application of GIS in Location, Spatial Distribution and Network Analysis of Health Centers: Case Study of Mahabad City. Master''s Thesis in Geography and Urban Planning, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Tabriz.

   
   

   5- Chang, C.W., Wu, CR., & Lin, C.T. (2009). Evaluting digital video recorder systems using analytic hierarchy and analytic network processes inform. Science 2009; 177 (33): 83-96.

   
   

   6- Cinnamon, J., Schuurman, N., & A Crooks, V. (2008). A method to determine spatial access to specialized palliative care services using GIS. BMC Health Serv Res, 30 (8):140.

   
   

   7- Ghazanfarpour, H., Karbasi, P., Afzali Goroh, Z., & Soleimani Dameneh, M. (2017). Application of fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making method in the assessment of compatibility urban land (Case study: high school educational applications Maragheh. Research and Urban Planning, 8(30), 121-144.

   
   

   8- Ghazanfarpour, H., Kamandari, M., & Ameri, F. (2016). Locating Medical Centers of Sirjan Applying Ad-Hock Technique. Journal of Urban Social Geography, 2 (4): 119-138.

   
   

   9- Gholamhosseini, L., Sadoughi, F., & Safaei, A. (2019). Investigation of real-time locating systems technologies in the healthcare field: A review study. Journal of Health Administration. 22 (1): 26-39.

   
   

   10- Hosseini, Gh. & Moshfeq, M. (2012). Analysis of Demographics of Border Areas and Its Impacts on Sustainable Security. Scientific-Research Journal of Geographical Information, National Conference on Border Cities and Security: Challenges and Approaches, Sistan and Baluchestan University, 1140-1153.

   
   

   11- Jabbedari, M.M., Karami, J., & Sarkargar Ardekani, A. (2016). The location analysis of the local pharmacies by the multi criteria decision-making AHP-Fuzzy method (case study IRAN-SHIRAZ). Journal of Fasa University of Medical Sciences; 6 (1):19-26.

   
   

   12- Jamali, F., Sadrmousavi, M. S., & Eshlaghi, M. (2012). An introduction to hospital sites selection and design. Journal of Hospital. 11 (2):87-98.

   
   

   13- Khakpour, B. A., Purghayoomi, H., & Ghanbari, M. (2014). Location Health-Therapeutic Centers of Nourabad by use Analytical Hierarchy Process in GIS, Health Information Management, 11 (2): 221-233.

   
   

   14- Khakpour B. A., Khodabakhshi, Z., & Ebrahimi Ghouzlu, M. M. (2013). Site Selection for Medical Centers, Using GIS and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) in District Two of Neyshabour City. Journal of Geography and Regional Development (Peer-Reviewed), 10 (19): 1-20.

   
   

   15- Litkohi, S, Jahanbakhsh, H., & Charkhchian, M. (2014). Location Theory Booklet. Payame Noor University.

   
   

   16- Maleki, S., & Ahmadi, T. (2010). Spatial-physical development of Ilam city (1^st Ed.). Ilam: Ilam University Press.

   
   

   17- Monzavi, S.M., Eini, A.M., Abdullah Zadeh, A., & Khosrojerdi, H. (2013). Epidemiological view and geographical distribution of doctors with private offices in Mashhad. Journal of Mashhad Medical System Organization, 17(2), 68-72.

   
   

   18- Moghaddam, M. (2013). Locating Industries in an Unequal Space (An Empirical Study of Sugar Industry in Iran). Two Quarterly Journal of Economic Development and Planning, 1(2): 19-32.

   
   

   19- Moradpour, N., Ebrahim, M., Azari, M., & Hosseini, M. (2015). Analysis of the pattern of distribution and organization of health centers: case study of District 7 of Tehran Municipality. Journal of Geography and Urban Planning of Zagros Landscape, 7(23), 19-34.

   
   

   20- Parsa Moghadam, M., Yazdani, M., Seyyedin, A., & Pashazadeh, M. (2017). Optimal Site Selection of Urban Hospitals Using GIS Software in Ardabil City. Journal of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences. 16 (4):374-388.

   
   

   21- Pour Mohammadi, M.R. (2003). Urban Land Use Planning. Tehran: SAMT Publications.

   
   

   22- Rahimi, H., Koohi, M., & Koohi, A. (2014). Analysis of the model of establishing medical land use in District 1 of Mashhad Municipality in order to optimally organize medical services. 6th National Conference on Urban Planning and Management with emphasis on the components of Islamic city, Mashhad.

   
   

   23- Rahnama, M.T. (2007). Evaluation of the location of major land uses of the detailed plan of Mashhad city, Mashhad University Jihad, Urban Planning Group: Housing and Urban Development Organization of Khorasan Razavi Province.

   
   

   24- Roostaei, S. (2017). Spatial evaluation of therapeutic land use in Ilam city: case of specialized medical clinics of Saadi neighborhood. Quarterly Journal of Urban Development Studies, 1(1), 88-110.

   
   

   25- Sahraeian, Z., Zangiabbadi, A., & Khosravi, F. (2013). Spatial Analysis and Site Selection of Health Medical and Hospital Centers Using (GIS) (Case Study: Jahrom City). Journal of geographic space, 13 (43): 153-170.

   
   

   26- Shie, E. (2012). Introduction to Urban Planning (32^nd Ed.). Tehran: Iran University of Science and Technology Publications.

   
   

   27- Sinuany-stern Z, & Mehrez A, (1995). Tal AG. The location of hospital in rural region: the case of the negev. Loc Science, 3: 255-66.

   
   

   28- Varesi, H.R., Sharifi, N., & Shahsovani, M.J. (2014). Locating health centers using geographical information system and analytical hierarchy process: case study of Najafabad city. Health Information Management, 11(7), 851-864.

   
   

   29- Zare, E. (2003). Methods of realizing urban development projects in Iran. Publications of the Organization of Municipalities of the country.

   
   

   30- Zebardast, E., & Mohammadi, A. (2005). Location of relief centers in earthquake conditions using GIS and multi-criteria evaluation method. Journal of Fine Arts, 21(21) – 467: 5-16.

   
   

   31- Ziari, K. (2009). Principles and Methods of Regional Planning (2^nd Ed.). Tehran: Tehran University Press.

   
   Principles and Methods of Regional Planning (2^nd Ed.). Tehran: Tehran University Press.