Evaluation of Urban Plans Based on Security Improvement in Deteriorated Area Using Space Syntax (Case Study: Qalamestan Karaj)

Subject Areas :

Naser Bonyadi ¹ , Milad Fathi ² , Navid Jahdi ³

1 - Member of the faculty and head of the urban planning and design department of the Road, Housing and Urban Development Research Center. Tehran
2 - PhD Student in Architecture, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Boroujerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Lorestan, Iran.
3 - PhD student, Department of Architecture, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran.

Received: 2021-01-04 Accepted : 2021-10-22 Published : 2023-07-23

Keywords: Deteriorated Area, Security, space syntax, Space Configuration, Qalamestan,

Abstract :

Supplying the security of citizens is one of the concerns of designers, planners and city officials. Due to its many complexities, knowing cities requires the use of new methods and techniques that can facilitate decision making. The focus of this article is the analysis of the road network in the deteriorated urban tissue.In this article, design solutions at first and then evaluation of these solution have been presented by the “Space Syntax” technique. The research process has been compiled based on the hypothesis of a significant relationship between “Space Configuration" of deteriorated urban tissue with environmental security. Therefore, this article examines, analyzes, presents the plan and re-evaluates the plan in Qalsmatan neighborhood of Karaj with the aim of increasing the security of citizens. In order to test the hypothesis, the "spatial configuration" of Qalamestan neighborhood was extracted based on the axial map in DepthMap software and its relationship was analyzed through the correlation test with the security of passages by Spss23 software. The results show a significant direct relationship between “Integration" and a significant inverse relationship between "depth" and "environmental security" of roads. In the final stage, the proposed projects were evaluated through the above method. The results of the evaluation indicate the improvement of environmental security of the roads in the proposed plan; thus, the level of interconnection increased from 0.536 to 0.646 and the depth of passages decreased from 13.309 to 10.954.Also, the variable average of “Connectivity” of commercial passages has decreased and in residential passages this amount has increased slightly. Based on results, in Qalamestan neighborhood, the security in the passages can be increased if the amount of "interconnection" increases and the amount of "depth" decreases.

References:

1. Abbaszadegan, M., (2003). Space layout method in urban design process with a look at the city of Yazd, Quarterly Journal of Urban Management, 9, 75-64. [in persian]


2. Abdolahzadefard, A. (2020). A Search on the Role of Urban Security in Passive Defense Case study: Shiraz Metropolis. , 11(40), 189-200. [in persian]


3. Abdollahi torkamani, Z., yazdani, M., Ghanbari, A. (2019). Analyzing the spatial structure of the city with an emphasis on spatial connectivity and connectivity Metropolis of Tabriz. , 10(37), 25-40. [in persian]


4. Alizadeh, K., Anbari, H. (2017). The role of urban spaces defenseless in occurrence of crime with an emphasis on Parks District 9 Mashhad. , 8(29), 141-160. [in persian]


5. Amanat, H. (2011). Societal Security and Offering a Pattern for its Measurement. Societal Security Studies, 2(27), 145-175. [in persian]


6. Aminzade, B., Roodaki, S. (2017). An Integrated Method for Assessments of Detailed Plans by Using Plan Process Result (PPR) and Process Policy-Plan/Program Implementation (PPIP) (Case Study: Region 6 of Shiraz Detailed Plan). Hoviatshahr, 11(1), 29-42. [in persian]


7. Baghaee, S. (2013). The effect of space shape on the feeling of security with emphasis on space syntax theory. Case study: Azimiyeh and Mehrshahr neighborhoods located in Karaj. Tehran: Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch [in persian]


8. Bavand Consulting Engineers (2002), Current Status Studies of Karaj Review Plan. Tehran Province Housing and Urban Development Organization, Karaj Municipality [in persian]


9. Bavand Consulting Engineers (2009). Review of the detailed plan of Karaj city Rules and regulations of urban planning and architecture, Tehran Province Housing and Urban Development Organization, Karaj Municipality [in persian]


10. Buzan, B. (2008). People, States & Fear: An agenda for international security studies in the post-cold war era. Ecpr Press.


11. Chang, D (2011), Social Crime or Spatial Crime? Exploring the Effects of Social, Economical, and Spatial Factors on Burglary Rates, Journal of Environment and Behavior, 43 (1), pp. 26-520


12. Colquhoun, I. (2004). Design out crime: Creating safe and sustainable communities. Crime prevention and community safety, Architectural Press; 1st edition


13. Cross, Michael (2014).Security. Social Media Security, 2014, Pages 283-253


14. Davies Llewelyn (2004) "Safer places,The Planning System and Crime Prevention", Office of the Deputy Prime Minister, London


15. De Rooij, L. & Van Nes. A. (2015). The Perceived Safety and Spatial behavior in three different neighbourhoods in Rotterdam. In: Proceedings of 10th International Space Syntax Symposium. 139: 1-19.


16. Doroudi, M. (2017). Assessment and Evaluation of Factors Contributing to Level of Societal Security Feeling in Residential Areas (Case Study: West Tehranpars). Societal Security Studies, 8(50), 102-133. [in persian]


17. Erinsel Önder,Deniz & Yıldırım, Gigi. (2010), "Reading urban spaces by the space-syntax method: A proposal for the South Haliç Region" Cities. 27, pp260-271


18. Farhadi khah, H., khahlil alipour, S. (2017). Survey effect of physical structure Harandi Park on social security sense. Societal Security Studies, 8(49), 93-113. [in persian]


19. Figueiredo, L. (2005), Mindwalk 1.0–Space Syntax Software. Brazil. Laboratório deEstudos,


20. Hajiani, E. (2006). Methodological framework for examining the sense of security. Societal Security Studies, 1(21), 1-3. [in persian]


21. Heard, Lydia. 2004. Space, place and opportunistic crime, A study using isovist and space syntax. M.A theisis in the university of Texas at Austin


22. Hepp, S (2011), Metropolitan Spatial Structure, Measuring the Change, in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of PhD of Philosophy, Knapp, G. (Advisor), University of Maryland, College Park.


23. Hillier, Bill. (2007), "Space is the machine" (Electronic edition), Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge


24. Jabbary, M., Nastaran, M., Mohammadi, M., Kalantari, M. (2018). Analysis of spatial structure of the centers of theft and drug crimes in Tehran by way of space arrangement with an emphasis on the network of passages. Police Geography Research Journal, 1397(23), 27-50. – a [in persian]


25. Jabbary, M., Nastaran, M., Mohammadi, M., Kalantari, M. (2018). Analysis of the relationship between spatial structure and the occurrence of urban crimes using the space arrangement method (Case study: theft crimes in Tehran). Journal of New Attitudes in Human Geography, 11 (1), 1-18- b [in persian]


26. Karimi, A., DaneshMehr, H., Rezaeian, M. (2017). Police Societal Capital and Order Feeling and Public Assets Security (Case Study: Ghorveh City). Societal Security Studies, 8(49), 1-26. [in persian]


27. Mahmoodi Janaki, F., Ghorchi Baigi, M. (2009). ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN AND CRIME PREVENTION. Law Quarterly, 39(2), 345-367 [in persian]


28. Mahmoud Kalayeh, Saeed (2012). Utilization of new tools in the planning process of revival of historical contexts Case study: Lalehzar Street repair (and road construction) plan and review of the results, Master Thesis, University of Tehran [in persian]


29. Maroofi, S., Jafari, M. (2018). The Role of Spatial Configuration of Neighborhoods in Residents’ Security by “Space Syntax” Method. , 9(34), 119-132. [in persian]


30. Matijosaitiene, I. (2014). Urban Crime in the City of New Haven: Residential Burglaries. Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering, 4 (9): 16-25.


31. Mirmini, Mehdi,Jalili Sadrabad,Samaneh. (2020) Environmental Security Evaluation Using Space Syntax Theory and Place-Check Technique; Case Study: Saraseyb Neighborhood .Geography, 17(62), 218-242 [in persian]


32. A., (2006) Crime, Barbarism and Safety in Urban Spaces. refahj. 2006; 6 (22) :11-28 [in persian]


33. Moghtadaei, L., Amiri Esfarjani, Z. (2017). Effect of managing public opinion on social security in Isfahan citizens. Strategic Rssearch on Social Problems in Iran University of Isfahan, 6(2), 63-88. doi: 10.22108/ssoss.2017.100721.1005 [in persian]


34. Nubani, L. & Wineman, J. (2005). The Role of Space Syntax in Identifying the Relationship between Space and Crime. Anonymous: 413 - 422.


35. Poorani, H., Larimian, T., Larimian, T., Zabihi, H., Zabihi, H. (2013). Developing an analytical model to increase urban security from the Secured perspective by Designing (SBD) Approach using fuzzy AHP method (case study: region 17 of Tehran). Journal of Urban - Regional Studies and Research, 5(17), 119-136. [in persian]


36. Rahpik, S. (2007). Understanding Public Security, Public Security Quarterly, Imam Sadegh (AS) University Press, 1 (1). 27-25 [in persian]


37. Rismanchian, O., Bell, S. (2010). The application of space Syntax in studying the structure of the cities. Honar-Ha-Ye-Ziba: Memary Va Shahrsazi, 2(43), 49-56. [in persian]


38. Saghafi Asl, A., Zebardast, E., Majedi, H. (2017). Evaluation of Implementing Urban Design Projects in Iran, Case Study: Implemented Projects in Tehran. Armanshahr Architecture & Urban Development, 9(17), 185-197. [in persian]


39. Sajjadzadeh, H., izadi, M., haghi, M. (2017). The Relationship between Spatial Configuration and Environmental Security in Informal Settlements of Hamedan. Honar-Ha-Ye-Ziba: Memary Va Shahrsazi, 22(2), 19-28. [in persian]


40. Salehi Amiri, R., abdi, T., Sayah Alborzi, H. (2016). Impact of Social Security Feeling (assets and physical) on Women’s Psychological, Social and Physical Welfare in Zone f Tehran. Societal Security Studies, 7(46), 1-20. [in persian]


41. Salehi, I., (2008). Environmental characteristics of safe urban spaces. First Edition, Tehran: Urban Planning and Architecture Research Center [in persian]


42. Sarkissian Associates Planners (2000) "Crime Prevention and Urban Design ResourceE Manual", ACT Department of Urban Services, Canberra


43. Shokrani, M. (2015). Analysis of the effect of the shape of urban spaces on the incidence of integrated environmental crimes using isovist and space layout (study sample: neighborhoods of Urmia). Specialized doctoral dissertation. Tabriz University of Islamic Art, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning. [in persian]


44. Soori, E., (2009). A Review of Theoretical Controversy about Security and Crime Prevention Methods. Armanshahr Architecture & Urban Development, 2(2), 31-38. [in persian]


45. Tabibian, M., Asoodeh, A. (2014). Application of Plan - Process - Results (PPR) method in urban plans evaluation. Journal of Environmental Studies, 40(4), 1035-1050. [in persian]


46. Takkaloo, S. Habib, F. Zarabadi Z. (2015). Locating safe public spaces in urban areas with a space syntax approach (Case study: Wardavard neighborhood of Tehran). Regional urban studies and research. 7 (26). 1-22. [in persian]


47. Wu, L; Liu, X; Ye, X; Leipnik, M; Lee, J & Zhu, X (2015), Permeability, Space Syntax, and the Patterning of Residential Burglaries in Urban China, Journal of Applied Geography, Vol. 60, pp. 261-265.


48. Yazdanfar, Abbas. Mousavi, M. Zarieh Daqiq, H., (2009). Analysis of the spatial structure of the city of Tabriz in the Fortress area using the space synthesis technique. International Monthly Road and Construction Monthly, 67, 69-58 [in persian]


49. Zamani, B., Honarvar, M. (2103). Principles and Criteria of Spatial Arrangement Technique (Comparative Application: Government House and North Mulla Sadra neighborhoods of Isfahan), Fourth Conference on Urban Planning and Management, Mashhad, 18-1. [in persian]