The effects of women’s modern lifestyle on their fertility and childbearing – a case study in Qazvin city

Subject Areas : Quarterly Journal of Woman and Society

fariba parvinian ¹ , Valiollah Rostamalizadeh ² , Reza habibi ³

1 - کارشناس مجلات علمی دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی - قزوین
2 - استادیار جامعه شناسی توسعه مؤسسه مطالعات و مدیریت جامع و تخصصی جمعیت کشور.
3 - کارشناس ارشد آمار

Received: 2016-12-12 Accepted : 2019-02-02 Published : 2019-01-21

Keywords: Lifestyle, childbearing practice, women of Qazvin, fertility and modernity,

Abstract :

Since women have been the main target of any demographic policies, this study explains the modern lifestyle of women and its effects on their low fertility. Anthony Giddens views lifestyle as a spectrum of functions, attitudes, behaviors, insights, tastes and everyday activities and integrates it with motivational theories, especially the second-demographic transition with an individual-level analysis approach to present the model.This study is an applied one in terms of goal, and is descriptive in terms of its data collection method. This study examines the fundamental elements of women’s lifestyle including insights, attitudes, behavior and the status of current actors in society with individual level analysis approach. The statistic population of this research includes 400 Qazvinian women aged between 15 to 45 and the data is obtained through a questionnaire. Findings show that women’s modern lifestyle encourages women toward striving for self-realization which is in contradiction with child bearing. Hence, women try to basically change inequalities to their own satisfaction. As the findings indicate, the greatest impact of women’s low tendency toward child bearing is felt in two elements of lifestyle attitude and socio-political changes. By utilizing methods for changing insight, attitude and behavior and strive for strengthening women’s legal and social status, one can bring women to accompany new demographic policies of the country.

References:

-       Ahmadi, Omidali. (2010), A review of the family's challenge in the context of the bottlenecks and delays in marriage in Iran, Roads, the first edition. ; [In Persian].

-       Alasvand, F. (1390). Women in Islam, Tehran, Hajar Pu. ; [In Persian].

-       Amani, S. M. (1388), General demography in Iran, SAMT Pub (4) ; [In Persian].

-       Bocock, Robert. (2002), Consumption, Translation by Khosrow Sabri, Tehran, Shagat

-       Castells, M. (1997). (Hassan Chavoshian), "The information age, the power of identity", Tarhe no publications, Tehran

-       Durkheim,  E. (1383), The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life, (Bagher Parham), Tehran, Markaz Pub.

-       Enayat, H. (1392). Studying the relation between cultural globalization and tendency to childbearing in women in Shiraz, Quarterly journal of Woman and society, 4th year; [In Persian].

-       Gibbins, J. R .(1381). The politics of postmodernity: an introduction to contemporary politics and culture, (Mansoor Ansari), Tehran, Gam no Pub.

-       Giddens, A. (1383). Runaway world, (Ali Asghar Saeedi), Tehran, Tose’e Pub.

-       Giddens, A. (1387). Modernity and self-identity, (Naser Mofaghian), Tehran, Ney Pub.

-       Giddens, A. (1393). Sociology, (Manoochehr Saboori), Tehran, Ney Pub.

-       Hosseini, H. (1381). An introduction to socio-economic demography and family planning, Hamedan, Avicenna University; [In Persian].

-       Hosseini, H., & al. (1391). “Culture and childbearing, studying Mahabad Kurdish women’s intentions for childbearing”, Women’s strategic studies journal (58). ; [In Persian].

-       Humm, M., & Gamble. S. (1382). The dictionary of feminist theory, (Firoozeh Mohajer, Farrokh Ghareh daghi, Nooshin Ahmadi Khorasani), Tehran, Tose’e Pub.

-       Javadi Amoli, Abdullah. (2002), Religion. Qom: Center for the Publishing of Asra. ; [In Persian].

-       Jokar, M. (1393). “Modernity, lifestyle change and population reduction in Iran”, Women and family research letters, 2nd year (2). ; [In Persian].

-       Khazali, K. (1391). "Architecture and Housing, Apartment life and family", proceedings of "population, excellence and strategies conference", National Organization for civil registration. ; [In Persian].

-       Kivisto, P. (1387). Key ideas in sociology, (Manoochehr Saboori), Tehran, Ney Pub.

-       Koleini, M. (1365). Hadith al-kafi 2, Darolketab aleslamieh Pub. ; [In Persian].

-       Kulu, H,. & Washbrook, El. (2014), Residential context, migration and fertility in a modern urban society, Advances in Life Course Research 21, 168–182.

-       Mahmoodian, H. (1381). “Child value from young couples perspective and its relationship with childbearing”, Population quarterly (41); [In Persian].

-       Mahmoodian, H., & al. (1391). “Women and low child bearing, case study of Kurdish women”, Journal of Women Strategic studies (55); [In Persian].

-       Moeed far, S., & Saboori Khosrowshahi, H. (1390). “Children and Parents conflict over lifestyle”, Quarterly journal of social development and welfare planning (7). ; [In Persian].

-       Naghibasadat, S.R. (1389). The role of economic, social and cultural factors in women attitude toward fertility, Social science Quarterly Book Review (36); [In Persian].

-       Rafipoor, F. (1380). Modernization and conflict: An attempt to analyze Islamic Revolution and Iran's social issues, Sahami Enteshar corporation, Fifth edition; [In Persian].

-       Razeghi Nasrabad, H. (1393). Cohort analysis of women’s attitudetoward children in Semnan; [In Persian].

-       Shafiee Sarvestani, E. (1390). Woman, hegemonic system and media, Qom, IRIB Islamic research center, first edition;[In Persian].

-       Shafiee Sarvestani, E. (1390).“For Neda, The messenger of lifestyle change in Iran”, Youth and media studies (2) ; [In Persian].

-       Shibley Hyde, J.(2010).  Half the human experience, The psychology of women, (Translate Parsiyan: Akram Khamseh), Tehran, Arjmand Pub.

-       Snyder, M. (2013). Time Magazine Promotes A Childless Lifestyle As The Path To The Good Life For U.S. Couples.

-       Soderberg, M., Christensson, K., Lundgren, I. & Hildingsson, I., Women’s attitudes towards fertility and childbearing – A study based on anational sample of Swedish women validating the Attitudes to Fertility andChildbearing Scale (AFCS), Sexual&Reproductive Healthcare Journal 54-58,2(6).

-       Story ,J. (2006). Cultural studies about popular culture, (Hossein Payandeh), Tehran, Agah Pub.

-       Tabatabaee, Mohammad Hussein. (1999), Al-Mizan commentary. Translated by: Mohammad Bagher Mousavi Hamedani. Qom: Islamic Publishers Office. ; [In Persian].

-       Veblen, Thorestin. (2007), Tonza Classroom Theory, Translation of the Culture of Ershad, Tehran, Nayer Rey.

-       wall, G. (2013). ‘Putting family first’: Shifting discourses of motherhood and childhood in representations of mothers' employment and hild care, Women's Studies International Forum 40, 162–171.