An Overview of the use of Probiotics and their Metabolites in the Treatment of Diseases

Subject Areas : Biotechnological Journal of Environmental Microbiology

Mohaddeseh Larypoor ¹ , Hamideh Karbalaeiheidar ² , Kimia Basiji ³ , Maede Ebrahimi ⁴

1 - Department of Microbiology,Tehran North Branch,Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 - Master's degree of biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran North Branch, Tehran, Iran
3 - Master's degree of Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran North Branch, Tehran, Iran
4 - Master's degree of biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran North Branch, Tehran, Iran

Received: 2023-10-30 Accepted : 2023-11-20 Published : 2023-11-23

Keywords: Probiotics, Prebiotics, Synbiotics, Postbiotics,

Abstract :

The human gastrointestinal tract includes a rich and complex microbiota that plays an essential role in the
functioning of the gastrointestinal tract, immunological processes and the path of some diseases, including
dysbiosis. According to research, the gastrointestinal microbiota can increase or decrease the microbiome
population of the skin, nervous system, and other human body parts. Consumption of beneficial dietary supplements
is emerging as a potential and promising strategy for regulating the intestinal microbiota and improving
its effects.Probiotic supplements can include yeasts, bacteria, and prebiotics, including indigestible polysaccharides
of plant, microbial, fungal, and algal origin. The combination of probiotics and prebiotics leads to the
production of synbiotic products with stronger effects in improving human health. In addition, postbiotics are
metabolic byproducts released from probiotics and, after bacterial degradation, has several beneficial impacts
such as regulating intestinal health and strengthening the immune system, like probiotics. To date, studies have
proven the effects of increasing intestinal probiotics, the use of prebiotics and the anticancer, anti-inflammatory
and immunomodulatory effects of postbiotics and synbiotics on the gastrointestinal microbiome. Therefore,
the preparation of beneficial supplements and their consumption has increased.

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