The Effect of Irrigation Intervals and Foliar Application of Phosphorus Fertilizer on Yield and Water Use Productivity in Bean Plant

Subject Areas : Farm water management with the aim of improving irrigation management indicators

Ali Abdzad Gohari ¹ , Adel Ghadiri ² , Seyed Ali Ghaffari Nejad ³

1 - Resercher of Department of Irrigation and soil physics, Soil and Water Research Institute (SWRI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
2 - Seed and Plant Improvement Research Department, Markazi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Arak, Iran.
3 - Assistant professor of Department of Soil Fertility and Plant Nutrition, Soil and Water Research Institute (SWRI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.

Received: 2024-12-11 Accepted : 2025-01-10 Published : 2025-02-15

Keywords: Correlation, Production function, Regression, Water use,

Abstract :

Background and Aim: Agriculture is the largest consumer of water worldwide, using 70% of all freshwater resources. Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important legume that is of great economic importance in many countries. Common beans constitute about half of the world's consumed legumes and play a major role in providing protein in the human diet. Water resources are a scarce and limiting factor for the expansion of crop cultivation and production in many arid and semi-arid regions. Proper and efficient water delivery can help increase crop yield and improve water and fertilizer use efficiency. Improving water use productivity without any reduction in yield is considered a very important issue to meet current and future food security, which may help reduce water use, reduce irrigation water losses, and increase cultivated area. Phosphorus is one of the most essential nutrients in plant growth and is a vital element of biological compounds such as nucleic acids, nucleotides, phospholipids, and phosphoproteins. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of irrigation interval management and different levels of phosphorus fertilizer on yield, water use efficiency, and production function estimation in bean plants in Guilan province.

Method: This research was conducted in Gilan province and in Astaneh-Ashrafiyeh county with latitude 37 degrees and 25 minutes, longitude 49 degrees and 94 minutes and average altitude -5 meters above sea level as a split-plot experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the crop years 2022 and 2023. Irrigation management included without irrigation and irrigation at intervals of 6, 12, and 18 days as the main factor and foliar application of phosphorus fertilizer (P2O5 at 50%) at 0, 1, 2, and 3 liters per thousand liters of water as the secondary factor; which was considered at intervals of 10 days.

Results: The effect of irrigation intervals and phosphorus fertilizer and their interaction at the 1% level on biomass, pod and seed yield was significant, and the highest biomass, pod and seed yield was obtained in the 6-day irrigation interval and 1 liter fertilizer treatment per thousand liters of water with an average of 11996, 6518 and 2809 kg/ha, respectively. The highest water use productivity based on seed yield was 0.53 kg/m³ in the without irrigation condition and 1 liter fertilizer treatment. The highest relative leaf water content was 85.4 percent in the 6-day irrigation condition and 1 liter phosphorus fertilizer treatment per thousand liters of water.

Conclusion: The results of the study showed that using appropriate amounts of phosphorus and irrigation intervals determined based on crop requirements are very important for achieving maximum yield in beans and minimizing avoidable costs and negative effects of water shortage. Simple correlation coefficients of agronomic traits showed that biomass yield, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant and 100-seed weight had a positive and significant correlation with seed yield. The results of stepwise regression between seed yield and other agronomic traits in beans showed that pod yield, number of pods per plant, harvest index, biomass yield, and root depth were the most effective traits, explaining 98.7 and 98.6 percent of the data changes in 1401 and 1402, respectively.

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