The Impact of Emerging Technologies on the Implementation of International Treaties

Subject Areas : International Law

Nooshin Azizollahi ¹ , Zeynab Pourkhaghan ²

1 - Department of law, Isfahan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
2 - Department of law, Isfahan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran

Received: 2025-08-26 Accepted : 2025-12-28 Published : 2024-06-21

Keywords: Implementation of International Treaties, International Law, Emerging Technologies, International Institutions, and Artificial Intelligence,

Abstract :

In recent decades, emerging technologies have significantly transformed the implementation of international treaties. This study aims to examine these impacts and identify the opportunities and challenges associated with integrating technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), blockchain, and artificial intelligence (AI) into treaty enforcement. These technologies enhance the speed, accuracy, and transparency of implementation, thereby facilitating more effective intergovernmental cooperation. However, they also pose major challenges, including a lack of standardization, cybersecurity concerns, and the need for coordination among diverse legal systems. The findings of this descriptive-analytical study indicate that emerging technologies can play a complementary role in improving the efficiency of treaty implementation, provided that the necessary legal and institutional infrastructures are in place. Key obstacles include cyber threats, the erosion of national sovereignty, and legal gaps. Accordingly, the development of coherent legal frameworks, common technical standards, and strong international cooperation are essential strategies for effective integration of these technologies. Ultimately, the research highlights that a smart, data-driven approach to utilizing emerging technologies can reduce implementation costs, accelerate execution processes, and enhance transparency in the international treaty system

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