Examining the guarantee of implementing ISIS's actions regarding women from a jurisprudential perspective

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Received: 2025-01-10 Accepted : 2025-08-16 Published : 2025-06-21

Keywords: Kidnapping, Enslavement, Rape, Human Trafficking, Takfiri Group, Islamic Jurisprudence,

Abstract :

Extended abstract One of the inhumane actions of the Takfiri group during its control over parts of Iraq and Syria was the enslavement of women as prisoners of war and their sale in markets established for this purpose. The group justified these actions by citing specific interpretations of religious texts. An examination of jurisprudential texts indicates that these actions have absolutely no affinity with Islamic rulings and are considered crimes. The aim of this article is to explain the jurisprudential nature of these actions by the Takfiri group and to determine their Sharia enforcement mechanisms. The present research was conducted using an analytical-descriptive method and by relying on library and internet documents. The results show that the actions of the Takfiri group towards Yazidi women are essentially kidnapping and from a jurisprudential perspective, warrant punishments such as hand amputation or Ta'zir (discretionary punishment). Introduction: Takfiri groups such as ISIS, during their dominance over parts of Iraq and Syria, committed heinous acts including the enslavement, sale, forced marriage, and violent acts against women, particularly Yazidi women. To legitimize their actions, the group resorted to a deviant and distorted interpretation of religious texts. The main question is, from the perspective of Islamic jurisprudence, what is the exact nature of these actions and what enforcement mechanisms are prescribed for them? The aim of this article is to provide a jurisprudential analysis of these crimes, refute the Takfiri group's religious claims, and explain the appropriate Sharia and international punishments for them. Methodology: This research was conducted using analytical-descriptive method. The required data was collected by relying on library documents and internet resources (including jurisprudential texts, opinions of contemporary scholars, scholarly statements, reports from international organizations, and court rulings). Then, by analyzing the content of this data, the jurisprudential nature of the Takfiri group's actions and the related enforcement mechanisms were deduced and explained. Results and Discussion (Findings and Analysis): An examination of ISIS's actions towards women from the perspective of Islamic jurisprudence shows that these actions, according to the consensus of contemporary Islamic scholars, are completely forbidden and non-Sharia, and are based on several invalid premises: 1. Rejection of Justifications for Sexual Slavery and Forced Marriage: ISIS's reliance on concepts such as "war spoils" to justify the sexual enslavement of Yazidi women was rejected by 126 prominent Islamic scholars from various denominations and many religious authorities, and was considered contrary to the Islamic consensus against slavery. These actions were deemed "seditious" and alien to Islam. 2. Contradiction of Violence with Established Jurisprudential Principles: Acts such as killing civilians, rape, and torture are explicitly in conflict with principles such as the sanctity of the life, property, and honor of Muslims and Mu'ahad (non-Muslims under Islamic protection), and the rule of "La Darar wa la Dirar fil-Islam" (There shall be no harm or reciprocating harm in Islam). 3. Violation of Sharia Conditions for Marriage: The promotion of fabricated concepts such as "Jihad al-Nikah" (sexual jihad), which was essentially a form of human trafficking and deception, completely contradicts the essential conditions for marriage in Islam (such as mutual consent, the presence of a guardian, and witnesses). 4. Criminal Nature of the Actions: From a jurisprudential perspective, the actions of the Takfiri group in this domain are essentially kidnapping, human trafficking, and illegitimate enslavement, which are considered major crimes. Jurisprudential and Practical Enforcement Mechanisms: The enforcement mechanisms for these crimes can be imagined at two levels: Internal Religious Enforcement Mechanism: The most important was the excommunication and rejection of this group by the global Islamic community, which stripped their claims of legitimacy and made confronting them an obligation. • Worldly (Judicial-International) Enforcement Mechanism: These actions are a clear example of "Harb wa Fasad fil-Ard" (waging war and spreading corruption on earth), which carries severe punishment in Sharia. At the international level, this punishment has been implemented in the form of prosecuting ISIS members in national and international courts (such as convictions in Germany and the Netherlands for crimes against humanity and war crimes). International institutions have also collected extensive documentation for these trials. Conclusion: The findings of this research indicate that the actions of the Takfiri group(ISIS) towards Yazidi women and others have no valid Sharia basis whatsoever and are based on distorted and deviant interpretations of religious texts. From the perspective of accepted Islamic jurisprudence, these actions have the nature of kidnapping, illegal enslavement, and sexual crimes and warrant severe Sharia punishments such as Hadd for Muharabah (punishment for waging war) or Ta'zir. In addition to internal rejection and excommunication by the Islamic Ummah, the judicial prosecution and international punishment of the perpetrators are the tangible manifestation of the worldly punishment for these crimes against humanity. Therefore, ISIS's claims justifying its actions are completely invalid, and these actions are prosecutable as crimes.

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