Designing a nation branding model in the field of industrial products and services export
Subject Areas : Jounal of Marketing ManagementAlireza Zamani 1 , Kambiz Jalali Farahani 2 , Mahmoud Samiei Nasr 3 , Nasrin Akhondi 4
1 - Department of Industrial Management, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 - Department of Industrial Management, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
3 - Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Management, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
4 - Department of Mathematics, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Keywords: Nation branding, Nation brand promotion and industrial export, Nation branding model, Mixed approach,
Abstract :
Nation branding is a suitable model recommended by international organizations for export development in the third millennium. An important part of the exports of countries in the world are industrial products. In this regard, due to the importance of this issue for the country, this study was conducted with the aim of providing a model for promoting the nation brand in the field of exporting goods and industrial services. The current research is an applied-developmental research in terms of its purpose, and it is considered a cross-sectional survey research from the point of view of the method of data collection. The community of participants in the qualitative section includes senior managers and entrepreneurs in the fields of branding, industry, export and trade, who have sufficient experience in the aforementioned fields. Sampling was done with a targeted method and theoretical saturation was achieved with 11 interviews. Research findings showed that a national macro-policy and export-oriented culture are the main parameters affecting the national brand. The communication infrastructure in the country provides the necessary platform and the challenges of export sanctions play the role of an interventionist. Finally, the use of relevant strategies to improve the export of industrial goods and services leads to the promotion of the national brand. The central phenomenon including (international branding) also affects the strategies in the field of export of goods and industrial services. Finally, it was found that the strategies of the model lead to a certain result (improvement of the national brand).
1. Lee, Kyung Mi .Nation Branding and Sustainable Competitiveness of Nations, PhD Thesis; University of Twente, the Netherlands; 2009: – With ref. ISBN: 978-90-365-2803-0 DOI: 10.3990./1.9789036528030 Available online: www.ris.utwente.nl/ws/files/6084507/thesis_K_M_Lee.pdf
2. Mino, P., & Austin, L. A cocreational approach to nation branding: The case of Chile. Public Relations Inquiry; 2022 11(2): 293-313. DOI:10.1177/2046147X221081179
3. Feiz D. Mirmohammadi S.M. Zarei A. Izadkhah M.M. Iran's national export brand identity and its promotion strategy-Journal of Managememt of tomorrow 2016; 52 (16): 131-136 [Persian] Avaialble online: www.modiriyatfarda.ir/Article/24819
4. Reibstein D. J. Improving Economic Prosperity through Nation Branding”; 2017 Available online at: http://www.marketingjournal.org/improving-economic-prosperity-through-nation-branding-david-j-reibstein/ [Cited: 14 Jun 2023]
5. U.S. News. Best Countries. 2023 Rankings; 2023 Avaialble online at: https://www.usnews.com/news/best-countries/rankings [Cited: 15 Sep 2023]
6. Ebrahimi S. M. Iran's position in regional and international interaction in the country's 20-year vision; 2006. Available at: https://ensani.ir/fa/article/81590/%D8%AC%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84-%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%82%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%89-%D9%88-%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%84%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%DA%86%D8%B4%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B2-20-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87-%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1 [Persian] [Cited: 2023 Jun 05]
7. Moradi M. What are the differences between the export routes of Iran and Türkiye? Tejarat News; 2018. Available online at: https://tejaratnews.com/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%87-%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%88-%D8%AA%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%87. [Persian] [Cited: 2023 Apr 10]
8. Ghaed E. Shirafkan Lamsu H. Hadadian A. The effect of social media marketing efforts on customer equity in luxury brands. Marketing Management Journal. 2022; 57: 84-98 [Persian]Available at: https://jomm.srbiau.ac.ir/artcle_20637_326bcb4c8326054435b6e36c1b33548f.pdf
9. Alderman P, Eggeling KA. Vision Documents, Nation Branding and the Legitimation of Non-democratic Regimes. Geopolitics; 2023 Jan 1-31. https://doi.org/10.1080/14650045.2023.2165441
10. Shirzad S. Impact of globalization and national identity on the behavior of the Iranian consumer. Novel research strategies 2022; 6 (84): 574-591 [Persian]
11. Alaji, H., Hajipour, B., Azizi, S. Identifying and Explaining the Components of Nation Rebranding of Syria in the Tourism Industry. Journal of Strategic Management Studies, 2022; 13(49): 1-17. doi: 10.22034/smsj.2022.133677
12. Shah Abadi A, Moradi A, Hoseini M. Impact of globalization and national identity on the behavior of the Iranian consumer. Brand management 2021; 8 (27): 85-114 [Persian]
13. Baghban Haghighi S, Moghaddasi R, Mohammadi Nezahd A. Evaluation of the impact of goods dependency in exportation of the agricultural products of Iran. Agricultural economy and development 2022; 30 (2): 59-83 [Persian]
14. Pouliot, Vincent, and Jérémie Cornut. “Practice Theory and the Study of Diplomacy: A Research Agenda.” Cooperation and Conflict;; 2015: vol. 50, no. 3 pp. 297–315. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/45084291. Accessed 27 Sept. 2023.
15. Alderman P, Eggeling KA. Vision Documents, Nation Branding and the Legitimation of Non-democratic Regimes. Geopolitics; 2023: Jan https://doi.org/10.1080/14650045.2023.2165441 [Cited: 12-Mar 2023]
16. Schoeneman, J., & Fullerton, J. Exploring relationships between nation branding and foreign direct investment. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy; 2022: 1-14. DOI:10.1057/s41254-022-00264-4
17. Ardakani Fard Z, Hoseini Pakdehi A. Image of ‘National brand’ of Islamic Republic of Iran on foreign channels. International media survey 2021; 6 (8): 57-88 [Persian]
18. Mohsenian Rad M, Abedi H. Representation of national brand of Iran in Associate Press reporting images. Cultural studies and relationships 2020; 16 (59): 311-351 [Persian]
19. Jaelani, A. K., Handayani, I. G. A. K. R., & Karjoko, L. Development of tourism based on geographic indication towards to welfare state. International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology 2020; 29(3s): 1227-1234 https://doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v6n1.2954
20. Shahini Z, Sharifi M. Design of media diplomatic model for achieving a national brand. Media 2019; 30 (116): 71-93 [Persian]
21. Esmaiil Poor H. International marketing management. Tehran: Negahe Danesh; 2021 [Book in Persian]
22. Samudro, B. R., Heriqbaldi, U., Jayadi, A., Erlando, A., Wahyu, W., & Esquivias, M. A. Survey Data on Organizational Resources and Capabilities, Export Marketing Strategy, Export Competitiveness, and Firm Performance in exporting firms in Indonesia. Data in Brief 2023; 101-112. DOI:10.1016/j.dib.2023.109112
23. Dr. Samieenasr M. Zamani A. Nation Brand. Tehran-Iran: Vania; 2022: 150-151. [Book in Persian]
24. Debbarma, J., Choi, Y., Yang, F., & Lee, H. Exports as a new paradigm to connect business and information technology for sustainable development. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge 2022; 7(4), 220-233 DOI:10.1016/j.jik.2022.100233
25. Hassan, S. and Mahrous, A.A. "Nation branding: the strategic imperative for sustainable market competitiveness", Journal of Humanities and Applied Social Sciences; 2019: Vol. 1 No. 2, pp. 146-158. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHASS-08-2019-0025
26. Anholt, S., “Place branding: is it marketing, or isn’t it?”, Place Branding and Public Diplomacy; 2008 :Vol. 4 No. 1, p. 1. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.pb.6000088
27. Dinnie, K, Nation Branding: Concepts, Issues, Practice, Routledg; 2015 DOI:10.4324/9780080554570
28. Quelch,J.andJocz,K. “Positioningthenation-state”,PlaceBranding; 2004: Vol.1No.1,pp.74-79. StephensBalakrishnan,M. “Strategicbrandingofdestinations:aframework”,EuropeanJournal ofMarketing; 2009: Vol.43Nos5/6,pp.611-629.
29. Fan, Y. “Branding the nation: what is being branded?”, Journal of Vacation Marketing; 2006: Vol. 12 No. 1, pp. 5-14. DOI:10.1177/1356766706056633
30. Anholt, S. “The Anholt-GMI city brands index: how the world sees the world’s cities”, Place Branding and Branding; 2006: Vol. 2 No. 1, pp. 18-31. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.pb.5990042
31. Szondi, G. The role and challenges of country branding in transition countries: theCentral and Eastern European experience. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy; 2007: 3(1):8-2
32. Dinnie, K. Nation Branding: concepts, issues, practice. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann; 2008 DOI:10.4324/9780080554570
33. Papadopoulos, N. and Heslop, L. A. Country equity and country branding: problems and prospects. Journal of Brand Management; 2002: (4/5):294-314 DOI:10.1057/palgrave.bm.2540079
34. Usunier, J. C. Relevance in business research: the case of country-of-originresearch in marketing. European Management Review; 2006: 3(1):60-73 DOI:10.1057/palgrave.emr.1500049
35. Schooler, R. D. Product bias in the Central American common market. Journal of Marketing Research; 1965: 394-97 https://doi.org/10.2307/3149486 , www.jstor.org/stable/3149486
36. Nagashima, A. A comparison of Japanese and U.S. attitudes toward foreign products. Journal of Marketing; 1970: 34 (January):68-74 https://doi.org/10.2307/1250298
37. White, P. D. and Cundiff, E. W. Assessing the quality of industrial products. Journal of Marketing; (1978): 42(January):80-86 Available online: https://www.jstor.org/stable/40835939
38. Bilkey, W. and Nes, E. Country of origin effects on product evaluations. Journal ofInternational Business Studies; 1982: 13(Spring/Summer):89–99DOI:10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490539
39. Erickson, G. M., Johansson, J. K. and Chao, P. Image variables in multi-attribute product evaluations: country-of-origin effects. Journal of Consumer Research; 1984: 11(September):694–99 DOI:10.1086/209005
40. Johansson, J. K., Douglas, S. P. and Nonaka, I. Assessing the impact of country of origin on product evaluations: a new methodological perspective. Journal of Marketing Research; 1985: 22(November):388-96 https://doi.org/10.2307/3151584
41. Han, C. M. and Terpstra, V. Country-of-origin effects for uni-national and binationalproducts. Journal of International Business Studies; 1988: 19(2):235-55 doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490379
42. Roth, M. S. and Romeo, J. B. Matching product category and country image perceptions: a framework for managing country-of-origin effects. Journal of International Business Studies; 1992: 23(3):477-97http://www.palgrave-journals.com/jibs/journal/v23/n3/pdf/8490276a.pdf
43. Elahyari M, Vazifeh Doost H, Hoseini M, Parhizjar M. Design and determination of strategic model of national brand development in food industries. Scientific-research quarterly of brand management 2021; 8 (2): 192-219 [Persian]
44. Sayyahi H. Role of Qatar foreign policy in creation of national brand and positive visualization of this country. Nations’ research 2020; 15 (58): 74-99
45. Saadat N, Shah Abadi A. Desing of media diplomatic model for achieving a national brand. International business management 2020; 3 (8): 45-64 [Persian]
46. Shahini Z, Sharifi M. Design of media diplomatic model for achieving a national brand. Media 2019; 30 (116): 71-93 [Persian]