The mediating role of attitude in analyzing the factors affecting the tendency of rural women to use medicinal plants during the COVID-19 outbreak

Subject Areas : Agricultural Extension and Education Research

رویا کرمی ¹ (عضو هیات علمی/دانشگاه پیام نور)
Layla Bayat ² (Undergraduate student in Agricultural Economics, Payame Noor University)

Received: 2021-02-27 Accepted : 2021-09-21 Published : 2021-08-23

Keywords: Tendency to use medicinal plants, Corona anxiety, Attitude on medicinal plants, COVID 19,

Abstract :

Since the onset of the, researchers have introduced various medicines as candidates for treatment or prevention, the effects of which are still questionable. In the meantime, medicinal plants as a product derived from nature was reported as one of the most popular options in the world, the effects of which are still being studied and tested. This subject led this study to investigate the mediating role of attitude in the relation of independent variables and the tendency to use medicinal plants among the population of rural women of Zanjan province. The study using survey method and questionnaire as tool which its validity and reliability were confirmed, collected data in accordance with health protocols. Sampling conducted using multi stage cluster sampling and the number of samples was determined using Cochran's formula equal to 272 people. The results indicated that economic and social variables, characteristics of medicinal plants, and knowledge had a positive and significant effect on attitude and attitude as a mediator was able to explain 55% of the changes in the tendency to use medicinal plants. Further, Corona anxiety directly played a significant role in explaining the tendency to use herbs, but in the indirect model it did not have a significant effect on attitude.

References:

بادسار، م.، کرمی، ر. و کرمی دهکردی، ا. (1397). کاربرد مدل سازی معادلات ساختاری در پژوهش های اجتماعی و توسعه روستایی با استفاده از نرم افزار Amos. انتشارات دانشگاه زنجان.

جوان بخت، ع. و اسمعیلی، س. (1393). مطالعه ترجیحات افراد مختلف برای مصرف گیاهان دارویی در شهر تبریز، نشریه اقتصاد و توسعه کشاورزی، جلد28، شماره1: صفحات 64-70.

سالنامه آماری استان زنجان (1394). سالنامه آماری استان زنجان، انتشاات سازمان برنامه و بودجه کشور، سازمان مدیریت و بزنامه ریزی استان زنجان، معاونت آمار و اطلاعات.

سجاسی قیداری، ح. و عزیزی، ث. (1398). تحلیل عوامل موثر در گرایش روستاییان به مصرف گیاهان دارویی با رویکرد دانش بومی(مطالعه موردی: دهستان زوارم شیروان). فصلنامه علمی-پژوهشی مطالعات برنامه ریزی سکونتگاههای انسانی، دوره 14، شماره 1(پیاپی46).صفحات177-197.

شهیاد، ش. و محمدی، م ت. (1399). آثار روان شناختی بیماری کووید-19 بر وضعیت سلامت روان افاد جامعه: مطالعه مروری. مجله طب نظامی، دوره 22، شماره2، صفحات 184-192

علی پور، ا.، قدمی، ا.، علی پور، ز. و عبدالله زادهریال ح.(1398). اعتباریابی مقدماتی مقیاس اضطراب بیماری کرونا (CDAS) در نمونه ایرانی. نشریه علمی روانشناسی سلامت، سال هشتم، شماره چهارم(پیاپی 32)،  صفحات 163- 175

علیزاده، س. و صفاری نیا، م. (1399). پیش بینی سلامت روان بر اساس اضطراب و همبستگی اجتماعی ناشی از بیماری کرونا. پزوهش های روان شناسی اجتماعی، 36، صفحات:129-141

کوشکی، ف.، رستمی، ف. و میرکزاده، ع.ا. (1399). بررسی منابع ریسک گیاهان دارویی زراعی استان کرمانشاه (مورد مطالعه: گیاه دارویی نعناع فلفلی)،مجله پژوهشهای ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، سال سیزدهم، شماره 1، پیاپی 49:  صفحات15-30

میر جلیلی، س. ع (1399). کارایی و ایمنی در تولید و مصرف گیاهان دارویی و داروهای گیاهی. مجله تاریخ پزشکی، دوره 12، شماره 45: صفحات 1 تا 15.

نورحسینی، س. ع. فلاحی، الف. الهیاری، م. ص. قلی نژاد، س.، و مجلسی، س. (1396). شناسایی فعالیت های اقتصادی و آموزشی- ترویجی اثرگذار بر توسعه سطح زیر کشت گیاهان دارویی: مقایسه وزن دهی آنتروپی و فازی مثلثی در روش دلفی. فصلنامه پژوهش ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی. سال 10 ، شماره 4( 40 )، صفحات 12 - 1.

وحیدی، ع.، قریشیان، س. م.، بشردوست، ن.، صادقی پناه، ف. و سلطانی، م. (1392). بررسی نگرش ها و رفتارهای اجتماعی مردم شهر یزد نسبت به مصرف داروهای گیاهی در درمان دیابت. فصلنامه علمی پژوهشی دانشکده بهداشت یزد، سال داوازدهم، شماره چهارم، ویژه نامه بهداشت محیط شماره مسلسل 42: صفحات113 تا 122.

 Al-Ghamdi, S., Aldossari, K., Al-Zahrani, J., Al-Shaalan. F., Al-Sharif, S., Al-Khurayji, H., and Al-Swayeh2,A. (2017).Prevalence, knowledge and attitudes toward herbal medication use by Saudi women in the central region during pregnancy, during labor and after delivery. Al-Ghamdi et al. BMC Complementary andAlternative Medicine,17:196, DOI 10.1186/s12906-017-1714-3

Alsayari, A., Almghaslah, D., Khaled, A., Annadurai, S., Alkhairy, M. A., Alqahtani, A. H., Alsayed, A. B., Alasiri, M. R., and Assiri, M. A. (2018). Community Pharmacists’ Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice of Herbal Medicines in Asir Region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Hindawi,  Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Volume 2018, Article ID 1568139, 7 pages, https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/1568139

Arcury, TA., Grzywacz, JG. Bell, RA., Neiberg RH., Lang W., Quandt, SA.(2007). Herbal remedy use as health sef-management among older adults. Journals of gerontology series B: Psychological sciences and social sciences, 62(2). PP:9-42.

Alyami, H. S., Orabi, M. A., Aldhabbah, F. M., Alturki, H. N., Aburas, W. I., Alfayez, A. I., ... & Alsuhaibani, N. A. (2020). Knowledge about COVID-19 and beliefs about and use of herbal products during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 28(11), 1326-1332.

Hee Jun Kim , J. H., Choi‐Kwon, S., Kim, H., Park, Y-H. and Koh, C-K. (2015).Health‐Promoting Lifestyle Behaviors and Psychological Status Among Arabs and Koreans in the United Arab Emirates, RESEARCH IN NURSING AND HEALTH, Volume38, Issue2; Pages 133-141, https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.21644

Chaghalvand, M. (2011). Plants, local information & human life in Lorestan province. Journal of social cultural life of Lor people, 11th sharivar, extracted from society of anthropology & culture

Cottingham, P., Adams, J., Vempati, R., Dunn, J. &Sibbritt, D.(2015).The characteristics, experiences and perceptions of naturopathic and herbal medicine practitioners: results from a national survey in New Zealand.Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2015) 15:114. DOI 10.1186/s12906-015-0616-5

Edwards, S.,Da-Costa-Rocha, I., Lawrence, J. M., Cable, C., and Heinrich, M. (2012). Use and efficacy of herbal medicines: part 1- historical and traditional use. The Pharmaceutical Journal, vol.289, no. 7717, pp.161-162.

Fishchhoff, B. (2020). Speaking of psychology:coronavirus anxiety. In: http://www.apa.org/research/action/speaking-of-psychology/coronavirus-anxiety.

Gerasimova, k.,Sheng, J., &  Zhao, J.(2020). COVID-19 and Other Challenges: A Case Study of Certified Organic Green Tea Producers in China.Critical Sociology 00(0), sagepub.com/journals-permissions, DOI: 10.1177/0896920520975843

Gelayee, A. D.,  Mekonnen, B. G., Atnafe, A. S., Birarra, K. M., and Asrie, B. A. (2017). Herbal Medicines: Personal Use, Knowledge, Attitude, Dispensing Practice, and the Barriers among Community Pharmacists in Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia. Hindawi Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Volume 2017, Article ID 6480142, 6 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/6480142

Hilal, M. and Hilal, S. (2017).Knowledge, attitude, and utilization of herbal medicines by physicians in the Kingdom of Bahrain: A cross-sectional study. Journal of the Association of Arab Universities for Basic and Applied Sciences, 24, 325-33.www.elsevier.com/locate/jaaubas:www.sciencedirect.com

Jang, s., Kim, H. K., Sun, S-H., Go, H-Y., Lee, E-K., Jang, B-H., Shin, Y-C. and Ko, S-G.(2017). Characteristics of Herbal Medicine Users and Adverse Events Experienced in South Korea: A Survey Study, Hindawi:Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Volume 2017, Article ID 4089019, 9 pageshttps://doi.org/10.1155/2017/4089019.

Khoury, E. G., Ramadan, W. and Zeeni, N.(2016). Herbal Products and Dietary Supplements: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Use, Attitudes, and Knowledge Among the Lebanese Population. Community Health, 41:566–573, DOI 10.1007/s10900-015-0131-0

Lee, D.Y.W., . Li, Q. Y., Liu, J. & Efferth, T. (2021).Traditional Chinese herbal medicine at the forefront battle against COVID-19: Clinical experience and scientific basis. Phytomedicine, 80, 153337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153337

Nugraha,  V. R., Ridwansyah, H., Ghozali, M., Khairani, F. A. & Atik, N. (2020). Traditional Herbal Medicine Candidates as Complementary Treatments for COVID-19: A Review of Their Mechanisms, Pros and Cons. Hindawi: Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Volume 2020, Article ID 2560645, 12 pages, https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/2560645

Raynor, k. d., Dickinson, R., Knapp, P., Long, F. A., and Nicolson, J. D.(2011). Buyer beware? Does the information provided with herbal products available over the counter enable safe use? BMC medicine. Vol.9, No, 94, Article ID174194

Rogers, M.E. (2003). Diffusion of innovations. Fifth edition, free press, published by Simon &Schuster , New York.

Samojlik, I., Mijatovic, V., Gavaric, N.,Krstin, S., and BozˇinConsumers, B. (2013).Attitude towards the use and safety of herbal medicines and herbal dietary supplements in Serbia.Int J Clin Pharm, 35:835–840, DOI 10.1007/s11096-013-9819-3

Sari, K. D., Amelia, R.,Dharmajaya,R., Sari, M. L., andKeumala, F. N. (2021). Positive Correlation Between General Public Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding COVID‑19 Outbreak 1 Month After First Cases Reported in Indonesia. Journal of Community Health, 46:182–18 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-020-00866-0

Saruk Islam, Sk., Midya, S., Sinha, S. & Saadi, sk. Md. Abu. Imam.(2021). Natural Medicinal Plant Products as an Immune-boosters: A possible Role to Lessen the Impact of Covid-19. Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering, 4; pp100 -105.

http://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscee.2021.100105

Shahrajabian,H. M., Sun. W., Shenb,H., and Cheng, Q.(2020).Chinese herbal medicine for SARS and SARS-CoV-2 treatment and prevention, encouraging using herbal medicine for COVID-19 outbreak.ACTA AGRICULTURAE SCANDINAVICA, SECTION B — SOIL & PLANT SCIENCE, VOL. 70, NO. 5, 437–443. https://doi.org/10.1080/09064710.2020.1763448

Shi, N., Guo, L., Liu, B., Bian, Y., Chen, R., Chen, S., ... & Huang, L. (2021). Efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicine versus Lopinavir-Ritonavir in adult patients with coronavirus disease 2019: A non-randomized controlled trial. Phytomedicine, 81, 153367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153367.

Suleiman, A.K., 2014. Attitudes and beliefs of consumers of herbalmedicines in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. J. Community Med. HealthEdu. 4.

Oladeji, O.(2016). The Characteristics and Roles of Medicinal Plants: Some Important Medicinal Plants in Nigeria. Natural Products: An Indian Journal, Vol 12,Iss 3:102.

Oturakcia,M.,Yuregirb, H.O.(2018). New approach to Rogers’ innovation characteristics and comparative implementation study. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 47, 53–67

Vickers, k., Jolly, B. K., andGreenfield, M. S. (2006). Herbal medicine: women's views, knowledge and interaction with doctors: a qualitative study. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine,6:40 doi:10.1186/1472-6882-6-40