Association of progesterone concentration and lactation number on percentage of endometrial polymorphonuclear cells in dairy cows

Subject Areas : Journal of Comparative Pathobiology

Dini, P., FarhoodiMoghadam, M.*, Fazeli, M.H., Akbari, G. . ¹ (.)

Received: 2018-04-13 Accepted : 2018-04-13 Published : 2018-06-22

Keywords: Dairy cows, Lactation, Progesterone, Subclinical Endometritis,

Abstract :

The objectives of this study were to assess the association between progesterone concentration and lactation number with the percentage of endometrial polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) obtained by low volume lavage (LVL) for the diagnosis of subclinical endometritis in dairy cows. Dairy cows at 30days in milk (DIM), were clinically examined and reproductive tract were evaluated for any abnormality. Cows (n=150) with sound reproductive tract were included in this study.  Endometrial cytology (LVL) and blood (tail vessels) samples were obtained at 30 DIM and at 40 DIM, and used for measuring percentage of PMN and Progesterone concentration, respectively. Two-blinded operators determined the percentage of PMN obtained by cytology. Data were analyzed with PROC FREQ, PROC CORR and PROC GLIMIX, in SAS 9.1. There was a significant negative correlation between serum progesterone concentration and percentage of PMNs (r = -0.58, P<0.001). Lactation numbers >2 and peripheral progesterone concentrations >1 ng/mL were significantly associated with lower PMN percentages at 40 DIM (P = 0.0041, 0.0187, respectively). According to the current study, cows with higher serum progesterone level, had lower chance of displaying subclinical endometritis assessing with the evaluation of PMNs% in the uterus at 40 DIM. This finding can be explained by the fact that the cows with higher serum progesterone level start estrous cycle earlier, which is prerequisite step for cleaning the postpartum uterus.

References:

1. Barański, W., Podhalicz-Dzięgielewska, M., Zduńczyk, S., Janowski T. (2012): The diagnosis and prevalence of subclinical endometritis in cows evaluated by different cytologic thresholds. Theriogenology. 78(9):1939-47.


2. Barlund, C., Carruthers, T., Waldne,r C., Palmer, C. (2008): A comparison of diagnostic techniques for postpartum endometritis in dairy cattle. Theriogenology. 69(6):714-23.


3. Cheong, S.H., Nydam, D.V., Galvao, K.N., Crosier, B.M., Gilbert, R.O.(2011): Cow-level and herd-level risk factors for subclinical endometritis in lactating Holstein cows. J. Dairy Sci. 94(2):762-70.


4. Dourey, A., Colazo, M.G., Barajas, P.P., Ambrose, D.J. (2011): Relationships between endometrial cytology and interval to first ovulation, and pregnancy in postpartum dairy cows in a single herd. Res. Vet. sci. 91(3):e149-e53.


5. Dubu,c J., Duffield, T.F., Leslie, K.E., Walton, J.S., LeBlanc, S.J. (2010): Definitions and diagnosis of postpartum endometritis in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 93(11):5225-33.


6. Dubuc, J., Duffield, T.F., Leslie, K.E., Walton, J.S., LeBlanc, S.J. (2011): Effects of postpartum uterine diseases on milk production and culling in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 94(3):1339-46.


7. Gilbert, R.O., Santos, N.R. (2016):Dynamics of postpartum endometrial cytology and bacteriology and their relationship to fertility in dairy cows. Theriogenology. 85(8):1367-74.


8. Gilbert, R.O., Shin, S.T., Guard, C.L., Erb, H.N., Frajbla,t M. (2005): Prevalence of endometritis and its effects on reproductive performance of dairy cows. Theriogenology. 64(9):1879-88.


9. Kasimanickam, R, Duffield, T.F., Foster, R.A., Gartley, C.J., Leslie, K.E., Walton, J.S. (2004): Endometrial cytology and ultrasonography for the detection of subclinical endometritis in postpartum dairy cows. Theriogenology. 62(1-2):9-23.


10. Kasimanickam, R., Duffield, T.F., Foster, R.A., Gartley, C.J., Leslie, K.E., Walton, J.S. (2005): A comparison of the cytobrush and uterine lavage techniques to evaluate endometrial cytology in clinically normal postpartum dairy cows. Can. Vet. J. 46(3):255-9.


11. Kaufmann, T.B., Drillich, M., Tenhagen, B.A., Forderung, D., Heuwieser, W. (2009): Prevalence of bovine subclinical endometritis 4 h after insemination and its effects on first service conception rate. Theriogenology. 71(2):385-91.


12. LeBlanc, S.J. (2014): Reproductive tract inflammatory disease in postpartum dairy cows. Animal. 8(1):54-63.


13. LeBlanc, S.J., Duffield, T.F., Leslie, K.E., Bateman, K.G., Keefe, G.P., Walton, J.S. (2001): Defining and diagnosing postpartum clinical endometritis and its impact on reproductive performance in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 85(9):2223-36.


14. LeBlanc, S.J., Osawa, T., Dubuc, J. (2011): Reproductive tract defense and disease in postpartum dairy cows. Theriogenology. 76(9):1610-8.


15. Madoz, L., Giuliodori, M., Jaureguiberry, M., Plöntzke, J., Drillich, M., De la Sota, R. (2013): The relationship between endometrial cytology during estrous cycle and cutoff points for the diagnosis of subclinical endometritis in grazing dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 96(7):4333-9.


16. Overbeck, W., Jäger, K., Schoon, H.A., Witte, T.S. (2013): Comparison of cytological and histological examinations in different locations of the equine uterus—an in vitro study. Theriogenology. 79(9):1262-8.


17. Plontzke, J., Madoz, L.V., De la Sota, R.L., Drillich, M., Heuwieser, W. (2010): Subclinical endometritis and its impact on reproductive performance in grazing dairy cattle in Argentina. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 2010;122(1-2):52-7.


18. Sheldon, I.M., Lewis, G.S., LeBlanc, S., Gilbert, R.O. (2006): Defining postpartum uterine disease in cattle. Theriogenology. 65(8):1516-30.


19. Stevenson, J.S., Pursley, J.R., Garverick, H.A., Fricke, P.M., Kesler, D.J., Ottobre, J.S. (2006): Treatment of cycling and noncycling lactating dairy cows with progesterone during Ovsynch. J. Dairy Sci. 89(7):2567-78.


20. Subandrio, A., Sheldon, I., Noakes, D. (2000):Peripheral and intrauterine neutrophil function in the cow: the influence of endogenous and exogenous sex steroid hormones. Theriogenology. 53(8):1591-608.