Determine Pattern of Sustainability of Environmental Resources
(Case Study farming city of Mashhad)
Subject Areas :
Agriculture and Environment
Sadegh Bafandeh Imandoust
1
,
Kazem Farahmand
2
,
Massoud homayounifar
3
1 - Associate Professor, Department of Economics PNU.
2 - M. Sc, Economics University of Mashhad * (Corresponding author).
3 - Associate Professor, Department of Economics, University of Mashhad
Received: 2016-06-23
Accepted : 2016-11-23
Published : 2019-10-23
Keywords:
Q56,
Environment,
Agriculture. JEL Classification: Q15,
fractional programming,
Abstract :
Background and Objective: Given the impact of the environment on human life and hence human survival, environmental protection is considered essential. Therefore, in order to achieve this goal, it seems obvious to identify the items that provide environmental sustainability. Therefore, in this study, we will determine the pattern of resource sustainability in environmental protection. Method: The method used in this research is fractional programming. The fractional programming is the most common type of mathematical programming with relative targets. The purpose of fractional programming is to find the optimum value of a function which contains linear restrictions with respect to the variables. Findings: This study evaluates in two scenarios; in the first scenario it is assumed that all land should be used. Result of this section showed cultivation of barely, alfalfa and silage maize are the optimum cropping pattern in the region to sustain environmental resources. In the second scenarios it is assumed that strategic crops such as wheat, barley and sugar beet cultivation in the list of products exist. Result of this section showed cultivation of wheat, barley, sugar beet, cucumber and alfalfa are the optimum cropping pattern in the region to sustain environmental resources. Discussion and Conclusions: The results of this study showed that the pattern presents cultivation of crops in the area of environmental sustainability is not effective and that major changes must be made.
References:
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Ahadi, ali and Hajinezhad, ali. (2010). Environmental destruction is a barrier to sustainable development, symposium of the Fourth International Congress of Geographers of the Islamic World, Iran, Zahedan.p1-14. (In Persian)
Rahnama, Mohamad Rahim., Afshar, Zahra and Razavi, Mohamad Mohsen. (2011). Analysis of Healthy City Indicators in Baharestan, Mashhad, Third Conference on Urban Planning and Management. (In Persian).
Ahmadi, Ali (2017). Quarterly Journal of Environmental Policy, Secretariat of the Expediency Council, Joint Commission, Fourth Year, No. 5. (In Persian).
Bayat, Naser., Rastegar, Ebrahim and Azizy Fateme. (2011). Regional Planning Quarterly, First Year, No. 2, pp. 78-63. (In Persian).
Kiani, Alireza. (2001). Implementation and Management Procedures for Water Use, symposium of the First National Conference on Water Crisis, Zabol Science Center. (In Persian).
Motielangrodi, Hassan and Shamsaee, Ebrahim. (2009). Sustainable Development and Agriculture (From the Viewpoint of Rural Economics), Tehran School of Publications. (In Persian).
Ezat Allah Karami and Keshavarz, Marzieh. (2015). Human Dimensions of Conservation of Natural Resources, Iranian Science and Technology Promotion and Education, Volume 11, Number 2, pp. 101-120. (In Persian).
Rezaee, Abdolmoteleb., Hosseini, Mahmoud and Asadi, Ali. (2015). Analysis of the Information Exchange Network for Sustainable Natural Resources Management (Case Study: Alborz Dam Basin in Mazandaran Province), Journal of Rangeland and Watershed Management, Volume 68, Issue 1, Pages 65-80. (In Persian).
Pahlavani, Mosayeb., Dehbashi, Mahdieh and Moradi, Ebrahim. (2014). Survey of Trade Development Effect and Economic Growth on Environmental Quality in Iran, Economic Research, Volume 49, Issue 3, pp. 482-463. (In Persian).
Ehsaghi, Reza, Rezaee, Rohollah, Hejazi., Yosof., Shiri, Nematollah and Ghadimi, Alireza. (2013). Analysis of Factors Affecting the Participation of Villagers in Natural Resource Conservation Projects, Economics and Agricultural Development Researches of Iran, Volume 44, Issue 3, Pages 463-471. (In Persian).
Cockx, Lara and Nathalie francken. (2016). Natural resources: A curse on education spending? Energy policy 92. 394-408.
Gargani, Caterina., Bibbiani, Carlo., Fantozzi, Fabio., and Carlo Alberto campiotti. (2016). Environmental impact of green roofing: the contribute of a green roof to the sustainable use of natural resources in a life cycle approach. Agriculture and agricultural scince procedia 8.646-656.
Wani, Suhas p., Chander, Girish. Sahrawat. Kanwar, L., Pal, D.K., Pathak.P., Pardhasaradhi. G. and p.j. Kamadi. (2015). Sustainabale use of natural resources for crop intensification and better livelihoods in the rainfed semi-arid tropics of central india. NJAS. Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences :1-7.
Van dijl,Albert., Mount,Richard., Gibbons,Philip., Vardon,Michael., and pep canadell.( 2014). Environmental reporting and accounting in Australia: progress, prospects and research priorities. Science of the total environment 437-474: 338-349.
Bajalinov, Erik. (2010). Taxes, subsidies and unemployment – a unified optimization approach. Croatian Operational Research Review (CRORR), Vol. 1:51-61.
Charnes, Abraham., and W. W.cooper.(1962). Programming with fractional functionals: I, Linear Fractional programming, systems research group, the technological institute, Northwestern university. ONR research memorandum No. 50.
Dutta Debdulal , Tiwari R.N and Rao JR. (1993). Fuzzy approaches for multiple criteria linear fractional optimization: a comment, Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 54: 347–349.
Mosavi, Nematollah and Gharghani, Fariba.(2009). Calculation of Agricultural Water Sustainability Indicators by Fragmentation Model (Case Study of Marvdasht sity), Agricultural Economics, Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 143-160. (In Persian).
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Farahanifard, saeed.(2009). Modification of the pattern of consumption and environment, Scientific Journal of Islamic Economics. No 34.P:97-123. (In Persian)
Ahadi, ali and Hajinezhad, ali. (2010). Environmental destruction is a barrier to sustainable development, symposium of the Fourth International Congress of Geographers of the Islamic World, Iran, Zahedan.p1-14. (In Persian)
Rahnama, Mohamad Rahim., Afshar, Zahra and Razavi, Mohamad Mohsen. (2011). Analysis of Healthy City Indicators in Baharestan, Mashhad, Third Conference on Urban Planning and Management. (In Persian).
Ahmadi, Ali (2017). Quarterly Journal of Environmental Policy, Secretariat of the Expediency Council, Joint Commission, Fourth Year, No. 5. (In Persian).
Bayat, Naser., Rastegar, Ebrahim and Azizy Fateme. (2011). Regional Planning Quarterly, First Year, No. 2, pp. 78-63. (In Persian).
Kiani, Alireza. (2001). Implementation and Management Procedures for Water Use, symposium of the First National Conference on Water Crisis, Zabol Science Center. (In Persian).
Motielangrodi, Hassan and Shamsaee, Ebrahim. (2009). Sustainable Development and Agriculture (From the Viewpoint of Rural Economics), Tehran School of Publications. (In Persian).
Ezat Allah Karami and Keshavarz, Marzieh. (2015). Human Dimensions of Conservation of Natural Resources, Iranian Science and Technology Promotion and Education, Volume 11, Number 2, pp. 101-120. (In Persian).
Rezaee, Abdolmoteleb., Hosseini, Mahmoud and Asadi, Ali. (2015). Analysis of the Information Exchange Network for Sustainable Natural Resources Management (Case Study: Alborz Dam Basin in Mazandaran Province), Journal of Rangeland and Watershed Management, Volume 68, Issue 1, Pages 65-80. (In Persian).
Pahlavani, Mosayeb., Dehbashi, Mahdieh and Moradi, Ebrahim. (2014). Survey of Trade Development Effect and Economic Growth on Environmental Quality in Iran, Economic Research, Volume 49, Issue 3, pp. 482-463. (In Persian).
Ehsaghi, Reza, Rezaee, Rohollah, Hejazi., Yosof., Shiri, Nematollah and Ghadimi, Alireza. (2013). Analysis of Factors Affecting the Participation of Villagers in Natural Resource Conservation Projects, Economics and Agricultural Development Researches of Iran, Volume 44, Issue 3, Pages 463-471. (In Persian).
Cockx, Lara and Nathalie francken. (2016). Natural resources: A curse on education spending? Energy policy 92. 394-408.
Gargani, Caterina., Bibbiani, Carlo., Fantozzi, Fabio., and Carlo Alberto campiotti. (2016). Environmental impact of green roofing: the contribute of a green roof to the sustainable use of natural resources in a life cycle approach. Agriculture and agricultural scince procedia 8.646-656.
Wani, Suhas p., Chander, Girish. Sahrawat. Kanwar, L., Pal, D.K., Pathak.P., Pardhasaradhi. G. and p.j. Kamadi. (2015). Sustainabale use of natural resources for crop intensification and better livelihoods in the rainfed semi-arid tropics of central india. NJAS. Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences :1-7.
Van dijl,Albert., Mount,Richard., Gibbons,Philip., Vardon,Michael., and pep canadell.( 2014). Environmental reporting and accounting in Australia: progress, prospects and research priorities. Science of the total environment 437-474: 338-349.
Bajalinov, Erik. (2010). Taxes, subsidies and unemployment – a unified optimization approach. Croatian Operational Research Review (CRORR), Vol. 1:51-61.
Charnes, Abraham., and W. W.cooper.(1962). Programming with fractional functionals: I, Linear Fractional programming, systems research group, the technological institute, Northwestern university. ONR research memorandum No. 50.
Dutta Debdulal , Tiwari R.N and Rao JR. (1993). Fuzzy approaches for multiple criteria linear fractional optimization: a comment, Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 54: 347–349.
Mosavi, Nematollah and Gharghani, Fariba.(2009). Calculation of Agricultural Water Sustainability Indicators by Fragmentation Model (Case Study of Marvdasht sity), Agricultural Economics, Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 143-160. (In Persian).
