Study of Bird Biodiversity Indices in Tehran Gardens (Case Study: Jamshidieh, Mellat, Ghaem and Shahr)
Subject Areas : BiodiversityFarahnaz Mohades 1 , Jalil Imani 2 , Mehdi Ramezani 3 , Nemat a Khorasani 4
1 - Expert, Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Science and Research Unit, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2 - Faculty member , Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
3 - Faculty member , Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
4 - Faculty member , Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Keywords: Urban parks, Birds, Biodiversity Indices. , Tehran,
Abstract :
Background and Objectives:Calculation of biodiversity indices of urban birds in Tehran in order to better understand the environmental conditions and improve or modify seems necessary. The aim of this study was to calculate the indicators of richness, biodiversity and bird uniformity in Tehran as a case study in the parks of the city, Mellat, Jamshidia and Ghaem.Methods: In this study, the birds were recorded by point counting and the indices were calculated using Ecological Methodology software.Finding: A total of 3723 birds were observed in 40 species of 8 orders and 19 families. 75% of all recorded species belonged to Passeriformes and among them the number of House Sparrows. Although the Ghaem park had the largest area among studied parks, had the least species richness and diversity and was the most abundance. The Shar park the oldest Tehran urban park located in the densely populated of the city, with the highest richness and species diversity and the lowest abundance, compared to the other parks.Discussion and Conclusion: The birds registered in the studied parks were mostly owned by the Passeriformes and half of them were native to Tehran. The area of the above boats does not necessarily mean that the birds are more diverse. According to the findings gathered in Park-e- Shahr located in the city center, We found out despite the presence of dense texture, the suitable space existed, attraction and capturing the birds were observed. The results of this research can provide an opportunity to study the factors affecting urban biodiversity indices and help environmental researchers, managers and urban planners to design a suitable green space to protect biodiversity and attract birds as one of the health habitat indicators and improve citizen’s quality of life.
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1. United Nations., (2004). World Population Prospects: The 2004 revision population database. http://esa.un.org/unpp
2. Paker,Y., Yom-Tov,Y., Alon-Mozes,T., Barnea,A., 2013. The effect of plant richness and urban garden structure on bird species richness,diversity and community structure. Landscape and Urban Planning,vol.122,pp.186-195
3. Tashakor,S., Hemami,M., Riazi,B., Jafari,R., 2014. Impacts of green space parameters on bird species richness of city parks: case study of Isfahan city,vol.15(1),pp.137-151
4. Savard, J.P.L., Clergeau, P., Mennechez., 2000. Biodiversity concepts and Urban ecosystems. Landscape and Urban planning.vol.48, pp.131-142
5. - Bryant,M., (2006). Urban landscape conservation and the role of ecological green-ways at local and metropolitan scales. Landscape and Urban Planning,Vol.76,pp.23–44.
6. Sandstrom,U.G., Angelstam,P., & Mikusinski, G.,2006. Ecological diversity of birds in relation to the structure of urban green space. Landscape and Urban Planning,vol.77,pp.39–53.
7. Ford,H.A., and Paton,D.C.,1986. The Dynamic Partnership: Birds and Plants in Southern Australia, The Flora and Fauna of South Australia Handbooks Committee,Adelaid.
8. Hemami,M., Zaeri Amirani,A., 2011. Influence if Urban Park Size and Shape on Bird species Richness: Case study of Isfahan City, vol.37(59),pp.55-62
9. Askari.,A., Behrouzi Rad,B., Khalilipour,O., Yahaghi,A.,2010. Survey of biodiversity indicators changes of birds on Ahwaz green spaces,Animal Environment J,Vol.2(2),pp.46-56
10. Karimi,S., Varasteh Moradi,H., Ghadimi,M.,2012.Study on differences in biodiversity indices of bird community at different vegetation types in Shast-Kalate forest. Gorgan.J. of Conservation and Utilization of Natural Resource, Vol.1(1), pp.1-18
11. Shariatie,M., Kaboli,M., 2014. Bird species richness and diversity along an altitudinal gradient in North of Alborz Mountain (Case study: Kheyrud forest),J of natural environment,vol. 66(4),pp.365-376
12. Tabasian,H., 2013, Urban parks and protection of birds diversity:Case study (density and diversity of birds in the city of Mashhad, Mellat Park), NATURE02-269
13. Pino, J., RodaÁ, F., Ribas, J., & Pons, X., 2000. Landscape structure and bird species richness: Implications for conservation in rural areas between natural parks. Landscape and Urban Planning, vol.49, pp.35–48
14. Bakhtiari, P., Hashemi, A., 2011.Birds in Tehran and countruside(Tarlan Birding and Ornithological Groupe)
16. https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/.../CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_23_r.xlsx
17. Bakhtiari, P., 2014.The Birds of Tehran(Bakhtiari)
18. Hurlbert, S.H., 1971. The non-concept of species diversity: a critique and alternative parameters. Ecology, vol.52, pp. 577-586
19. Krebs, C.J., 1999. Ecological Methodology. Harper and Row Publishers, Lymington, England.
20. Chen,S., Wang,S., 2017. Bird Diversities and their Responses to Urbanization in China. Ecology and conservation Urban Envirenment, Springer, Cham, chapter3, pp.55-74
21. Chace, J., & Walsh, J., 2006. Urban effects on native avifauna: A review. Landscape and Urban Planning, vol.74, pp.46–69
22. Caula,S.,Maty,P.,Martin,J.,2008.Seasonal variation in species composition of an urban bird community in Mediterranean France. Landscape and Urban Planning, Vol.87,pp.1-9
23. Bellocq. M et al, 2017. Ecology and Conservation of Birds in Urban Environments,Springer,Chapter3, pp.1-21
24. Tilgman, N.G., 1987. Characteristics of urban woodlands affecting breeding bird diversity and abundance. Landscape Urban Planning, vol.14, pp.48-495
