• Home
  • Studty of physico-chemical parameters affecting SND process on nitrogenous compounds removal

Share To

Article Url


Manuscript ID : JEST-1603-2510 (R1) Visit : 154 Page: 77 - 87

10.22034/jest.2020.16482.2510

Article Type: Original Research

Studty of physico-chemical parameters affecting SND process on nitrogenous compounds removal

Subject Areas : Environment Pullotion (water and wastewater)

Seyed Mohammad Ali Masoudi 1 , Javad Sargolzaei 2 , Fatemeh Sabeti Dehkordi 3 , Aboulfazl Darroudi 4

1 - Master of Science, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.*(Corresponding Author).
2 - Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
3 - Master of Science, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
4 - Assistant Professor, Department of Chemistry, Samen-Alhojaj Faculty of Mashhad, Technical and Vocational University, Iran.

Received: 2016-03-15 Accepted : 2016-09-11 Published : 2019-10-23

Keywords: Anammox, SHARON, Nitrogen, Denitrification, Nitrification,

Abstract :

Background and Objective: Treating wastewaters containing nitrogenous compounds is an essential issue due to environmental hazards. New biological technologies such as simultaneous nitrification-denitrification (SND), ANAMMOX and SHARON were developed in the last decades. Such techniques are economical and more effective compared to conventional methods. The aim of this work was to investigate physico-chemical properties of SND process. Method: In this study, subsequent to constructing a comprehensive survey on papers published in the last two decades, the impacts of effective parameters such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, organic carbon, floc size and sludge retention time (SRT) on SND process were investigated. Findings: SND process reduces carbon source demand. Dissolved oxygen should be adjusted in a particular range to maintain an equilibrium between the nitrification and denitrification.  The process efficiency was higher in the basic pH. The optimum temperature for the growth of SND bacteria were 20-30 ℃. There was no linear correlation between efficiency of process and SRT. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of this research approved that new biological processes for nitrogen removal such as SND were promising owing to reducing the need for aeration and carbon source. By controlling the Physico-chemical conditions in process, good efficiencies can be achieved.  

References:


  1. Ghafari Sh., Hasan M., Aroua M. K., 2008. Bio-electrochemical removal of nitrate from water and wastewater: A review. Bioresource Technology, Vol. 99, pp. 3965-3974.
    2.
  2. Kirk, D. W., Sharifian, H., Foulkes, F. R., 1985. Anodic oxidation of aniline for wastewater treatment. Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, Vol. 15, pp. 285-292.
    3.
  3. Chang, H.Q., Yang, X.E., Fang, Y.Y., Pu P.M., Li Z.K., Rengel, Z., 2006. In-situ nitrogen removal from the eutrophic water by microbial-plant intergrated system. Journal of Zhejiang University Science B, Vol. 7, pp. 521-531.
    4.
  4. Williams, A. E, Lund, L. J., Johnson, J. A., Kabala, Z., J., 1998. Natural and anthropogenic nitrate contamination of groundwater in a rural community. California. Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 32, pp. 32-39.
    5.
  5. Effler, S. W., Brooks, C. M., Auer M. T., Doerr S.M., 1990. Free Ammonia and Toxicity Criteria in a Polluted Urban Lake. Journal of waterPollution, Vol. 62, pp. 771-779.
    6.
  6. Campbell, W.H., 1999. Nitrate reductase structure, function and regulation: bridging the gap between biochemistry and Physiology. Annual Review of Plant Physiologyand Plant Molecular Biology, Vol. 50, pp. 277-303.
    7.
  7. Paredes, D., Kuschk, P., Mbwette, T. S. A., Stange, F., Muller, R. A., Koser, H., 2007. New Aspects of Microbial NitrogenTransformations in the Context of WastewaterTreatment – A Review. Engineering in Life Sciences, Vol. 7, pp. 13–25.
    8.
  8. Daniel, L.M.C., Pozzi, E., Foresti, E., Chinalia, F. A., 2009. Removal of ammonium via simultaneous nitrification–denitrification nitrite-shortcut in a single packed-bed batch reactor. Bioresource Technology, Vol. 100, pp. 1100–1107.
    9.
  9. Walters, E., Hille, A., Ochmann, C., Horn, H., 2009. Simultaneous nitrification/denitrification in a biofilm airlift suspension (BAS) reactor with biodegradable carrier material. Water Research, Vol. 43, pp. 4461–4468.
    10.
  10. Rasouli konari, H., Sarrafzadeh, M., Mehrnia, M., Salehi, Z., 2008. Comparison on the novel biological methods for nitrogen removal from wastewater (In Persian).
    11.
  11. Ohandja, D.G., Li, J.F., Ji, J., He, Y.L., Li, Y.Z., Zhou, T., 2008. Simultaneous nitrification–denitrification achieved by an innovative internal-loop airlift MBR: comparative study. Bioresource Technology, Vol. 99, pp. 5867–5872.
    12.
  12. Von-Munch, E., Lant, P., Keller, J., 1996. Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in bench-scale sequencing batchreactors. Water Research, Vol. 30, pp. 277–284.
    13.
  13. Pochana, K., Keller, J., 1999. Study of factors affecting simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND). Water Science and Technology, Vol. 39, pp. 61–68.
    14.
  14. Chiu, Y.C., Lee, L.L., Chang, C.N., Chao, A.C., 2007. Control of carbon and ammonium ratio for simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in a sequencing batch bioreactor. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, Vol. 59, pp. 1–7.
    15.
  15. Hocaoglu, S.M., Insel, G., Cokgor, E.U., Orhon, D., 2011. Effect of sludge age on simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in membrane bioreactor. Bioresource Technology, Vol. 102, pp. 6665–6672.
    16.
  16. Liu, Y., Shi, H., Xia, L., Shi, H., Shen, T., Wang, Z., Wang, G., Wang, Y., 2010. Study of operational conditions of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in a Carrousel oxidation ditch for domestic wastewater treatment. BioresourceTechnology, Vol. 101, pp. 901–906.
    17.
  17. Murat Hocaoglu, S., Insel, G., Ubay Cokgor, E., Orhon, D., 2011. Effect of low dissolved oxygen on simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in a membrane bioreactor treating black water. Bioresource Technology, Vol. 102, pp. 4333–4340.
    18.
  18. Paetkau, M., Cicek, N., 2011. Comparison of nitrogen removal and sludge characteristics between a conventional and a simultaneous nitrification–denitrification membrane bioreactor. Desalination, Vol. 283, pp. 165–168.
    19.
  19. Bing Wang, Wei Wang, Hongjun Han, Hongbo Hu, Haifeng Zhuang, 2012. Nitrogen removal and simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in a fluidized bed step-feed process. Journal of Environmental Sciences, Vol. 24, pp. 303–308.
    20.
  20. Zhou, X., Han, Y., Guo, X., 2015. Identification and evaluation of SND in a full-scale multi-channel oxidation ditch system under different aeration modes. Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 259, pp. 715–723.
    21.
  21. Metcalf & Eddy Inc., 2003. Wastewater Engineering: Treatment and Reuse. fourth edition. McGraw-Hill, New York.
    22.
  22. Karkman, A., Mattila, K., Tamminen, M., Virta, M., 2011. Cold temperature decreases bacterial species richness in nitrogen-removing bioreactors treating inorganic mine waters. Biotechnology Bioengineering, Vol. 108, pp. 2876–2883.
    23.
  23. Sheng-bing He, Gang Xue, Bao-zhenWang, 2009. Factors affecting simultaneous nitrification and de-nitrification (SND) and its kinetics model in membrane bioreactor. Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 168, pp. 704–710.
    24.
  24. Guibing Zhu, Yongzhen Peng, Baikun Li, Jianhua Guo, Qing Yang, Shuying Wang, 2008. Biological Removal of Nitrogen from Wastewater. Reviews of Environmental Contamination Toxicology, Vol. 192, pp. 159–195.
    25.
  25. Xia, S., Li, J., Wang, R., 2008. Nitrogen removal performance and microbialcommunity structure dynamics response to carbon nitrogen ratio in a compact suspended carrier biofilm reactor. Ecological Engineering, Vol. 32, pp. 256–262.
    26.
  26. Meng Q., Yang F., Liu L., Meng F., 2008. Effects of COD/N ratio and DO concentration on simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in an airlift internal circulation membrane bioreactor. Journal of Environmental Science, Vol. 20, pp. 933–939.
    27.
  27. Shinya Matsumoto, Akihiko Terada, Satoshi Tsuneda, 2007. Modeling of membrane-aerated biofilm: Effects of C/N ratio, biofilm thickness and surface loading of oxygen on feasibility of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification. Biochemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 37, pp. 98–107.
    28.
  28. Xiaojing Zhang, Hongzhong Zhang, Changming Ye, Mingbao Wei, Jingjing Du, 2015. Effect of COD/N ratio on nitrogen removal and microbial communities of CANON process in membrane bioreactors. Bioresource Technology, Vol. 189, pp. 302–308.
    29.
  29. Her J-J, Huang J-H., 1995. Influences of carbon source and C/N ratio on nitrate/nitrite denitrification and carbon breakthrough. Bioresource Technology, Vol. 54, pp. 45–51.
    30.
  30. Holakoo, L., Nakhla, G., Bassi, A.S., Yanful, E.K., 2007. Long term performance of MBRfor biological nitrogen removal from synthetic municipal wastewater. Chemosphere, Vol. 66, pp. 849–857.
    31.
  31. Komorowska-Kaufman, M., Majcherek, H., Klaczynski, E., 2006. Factors affecting the biological nitrogen removal from wastewater. Process Biochemical, Vol. 41, pp. 1015–1021.
    32.
  32. Masse, A., Sperandio, M., Cabassud, C., 2006. Comparison of sludge characteristics and performance of a submerged membrane bioreactor and an activated sludge process at high solids retention time. Water Research, Vol. 40, pp. 2405–2415.
    33.
  33. Kargi, F., Uygur, A., 2002. Nutrient removal performance of a sequencing batch reactor as a function of the sludge age. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, Vol. 31, pp. 842–847.
    34.
  34. Kapadan, L.K., Ozturk, R., 2005. Effect of operating parameters on color and COD removal performance of SBR: sludge age and initial dyestuff concentration. Journal of Hazardous Material, Vol. 123, pp. 217-222.
    35.
  35. Han, S. S., Bae, T. H., Jang, G. G., Tak, T. M., 2005. Influence of sludge retention time on membrane fouling and bioactivities in membrane bioreactor system. Process Biochemical, Vol. 40, pp. 2393–2400.
    36.
  36. Li, D. H., Ganczarczyk, J. J., 1990. Structure of activated sludge flocs. Biotechnology Bioengineering, Vol. 11, pp. 127–138.
    37.
  37. Wilen B. M., Balmer P., 1999. The effect of dissolved oxygen concentration on the structure, size and size distribution of activated sludge flocs. Water Research, Vol. 33, pp. 391–400.
    38.
  38. Sadalgekar V. V., Mahajan B. A., Shaligram A. M., 1988. Evaluation of sludge settleability by floc characteristics. Journalof Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol. 60, pp. 1862-1863.
    39.
  39. Rong, Q. I., Kun, Y., Zhao-xiang, Y. U., 2007. Treatment of coke plant wastewater by SND fixed biofilm hybrid system. Journal of Environmental Sciences, Vol. 19, pp. 153-159.
    40.
  40. Masoudi, S., Sargolzaei, J., Darroudi, A., 2015. Treatment of the wastewater containing ammonia nitrogen and carbon sources using simultaneous nitrification-denitrification (SND). The Conference on Environmental Science, Engineering and Technologies. Tehran, Iran (In Persian).
    41.
  41. Lijuan Feng, Guangfeng Yang, Qi Yang, Liang Zhu, Xiangyang Xu, Feng Gao, 2015. Enhanced simultaneous nitrification and denitrification via additionof biodegradable carrier Phragmites communis in biofilm pretreatmentreactor treating polluted source water. Ecological Engineering, Vol. 84, pp. 346–353.
    42.
  42. Lingxiao Gong, Li Jun, Qing Yang, Shuying Wang, Bin Ma, Yongzhen Peng, 2012. Biomass characteristics and simultaneous nitrification–denitrification under long sludge retention time in an integrated reactor treating rural domestic sewage. Bioresource Technology, Vol. 119, pp. 277–284.
    43.

 

 

 

 

 

               

_||_

  1. Ghafari Sh., Hasan M., Aroua M. K., 2008. Bio-electrochemical removal of nitrate from water and wastewater: A review. Bioresource Technology, Vol. 99, pp. 3965-3974.
    2.
  2. Kirk, D. W., Sharifian, H., Foulkes, F. R., 1985. Anodic oxidation of aniline for wastewater treatment. Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, Vol. 15, pp. 285-292.
    3.
  3. Chang, H.Q., Yang, X.E., Fang, Y.Y., Pu P.M., Li Z.K., Rengel, Z., 2006. In-situ nitrogen removal from the eutrophic water by microbial-plant intergrated system. Journal of Zhejiang University Science B, Vol. 7, pp. 521-531.
    4.
  4. Williams, A. E, Lund, L. J., Johnson, J. A., Kabala, Z., J., 1998. Natural and anthropogenic nitrate contamination of groundwater in a rural community. California. Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 32, pp. 32-39.
    5.
  5. Effler, S. W., Brooks, C. M., Auer M. T., Doerr S.M., 1990. Free Ammonia and Toxicity Criteria in a Polluted Urban Lake. Journal of waterPollution, Vol. 62, pp. 771-779.
    6.
  6. Campbell, W.H., 1999. Nitrate reductase structure, function and regulation: bridging the gap between biochemistry and Physiology. Annual Review of Plant Physiologyand Plant Molecular Biology, Vol. 50, pp. 277-303.
    7.
  7. Paredes, D., Kuschk, P., Mbwette, T. S. A., Stange, F., Muller, R. A., Koser, H., 2007. New Aspects of Microbial NitrogenTransformations in the Context of WastewaterTreatment – A Review. Engineering in Life Sciences, Vol. 7, pp. 13–25.
    8.
  8. Daniel, L.M.C., Pozzi, E., Foresti, E., Chinalia, F. A., 2009. Removal of ammonium via simultaneous nitrification–denitrification nitrite-shortcut in a single packed-bed batch reactor. Bioresource Technology, Vol. 100, pp. 1100–1107.
    9.
  9. Walters, E., Hille, A., Ochmann, C., Horn, H., 2009. Simultaneous nitrification/denitrification in a biofilm airlift suspension (BAS) reactor with biodegradable carrier material. Water Research, Vol. 43, pp. 4461–4468.
    10.
  10. Rasouli konari, H., Sarrafzadeh, M., Mehrnia, M., Salehi, Z., 2008. Comparison on the novel biological methods for nitrogen removal from wastewater (In Persian).
    11.
  11. Ohandja, D.G., Li, J.F., Ji, J., He, Y.L., Li, Y.Z., Zhou, T., 2008. Simultaneous nitrification–denitrification achieved by an innovative internal-loop airlift MBR: comparative study. Bioresource Technology, Vol. 99, pp. 5867–5872.
    12.
  12. Von-Munch, E., Lant, P., Keller, J., 1996. Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in bench-scale sequencing batchreactors. Water Research, Vol. 30, pp. 277–284.
    13.
  13. Pochana, K., Keller, J., 1999. Study of factors affecting simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND). Water Science and Technology, Vol. 39, pp. 61–68.
    14.
  14. Chiu, Y.C., Lee, L.L., Chang, C.N., Chao, A.C., 2007. Control of carbon and ammonium ratio for simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in a sequencing batch bioreactor. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, Vol. 59, pp. 1–7.
    15.
  15. Hocaoglu, S.M., Insel, G., Cokgor, E.U., Orhon, D., 2011. Effect of sludge age on simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in membrane bioreactor. Bioresource Technology, Vol. 102, pp. 6665–6672.
    16.
  16. Liu, Y., Shi, H., Xia, L., Shi, H., Shen, T., Wang, Z., Wang, G., Wang, Y., 2010. Study of operational conditions of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in a Carrousel oxidation ditch for domestic wastewater treatment. BioresourceTechnology, Vol. 101, pp. 901–906.
    17.
  17. Murat Hocaoglu, S., Insel, G., Ubay Cokgor, E., Orhon, D., 2011. Effect of low dissolved oxygen on simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in a membrane bioreactor treating black water. Bioresource Technology, Vol. 102, pp. 4333–4340.
    18.
  18. Paetkau, M., Cicek, N., 2011. Comparison of nitrogen removal and sludge characteristics between a conventional and a simultaneous nitrification–denitrification membrane bioreactor. Desalination, Vol. 283, pp. 165–168.
    19.
  19. Bing Wang, Wei Wang, Hongjun Han, Hongbo Hu, Haifeng Zhuang, 2012. Nitrogen removal and simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in a fluidized bed step-feed process. Journal of Environmental Sciences, Vol. 24, pp. 303–308.
    20.
  20. Zhou, X., Han, Y., Guo, X., 2015. Identification and evaluation of SND in a full-scale multi-channel oxidation ditch system under different aeration modes. Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 259, pp. 715–723.
    21.
  21. Metcalf & Eddy Inc., 2003. Wastewater Engineering: Treatment and Reuse. fourth edition. McGraw-Hill, New York.
    22.
  22. Karkman, A., Mattila, K., Tamminen, M., Virta, M., 2011. Cold temperature decreases bacterial species richness in nitrogen-removing bioreactors treating inorganic mine waters. Biotechnology Bioengineering, Vol. 108, pp. 2876–2883.
    23.
  23. Sheng-bing He, Gang Xue, Bao-zhenWang, 2009. Factors affecting simultaneous nitrification and de-nitrification (SND) and its kinetics model in membrane bioreactor. Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 168, pp. 704–710.
    24.
  24. Guibing Zhu, Yongzhen Peng, Baikun Li, Jianhua Guo, Qing Yang, Shuying Wang, 2008. Biological Removal of Nitrogen from Wastewater. Reviews of Environmental Contamination Toxicology, Vol. 192, pp. 159–195.
    25.
  25. Xia, S., Li, J., Wang, R., 2008. Nitrogen removal performance and microbialcommunity structure dynamics response to carbon nitrogen ratio in a compact suspended carrier biofilm reactor. Ecological Engineering, Vol. 32, pp. 256–262.
    26.
  26. Meng Q., Yang F., Liu L., Meng F., 2008. Effects of COD/N ratio and DO concentration on simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in an airlift internal circulation membrane bioreactor. Journal of Environmental Science, Vol. 20, pp. 933–939.
    27.
  27. Shinya Matsumoto, Akihiko Terada, Satoshi Tsuneda, 2007. Modeling of membrane-aerated biofilm: Effects of C/N ratio, biofilm thickness and surface loading of oxygen on feasibility of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification. Biochemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 37, pp. 98–107.
    28.
  28. Xiaojing Zhang, Hongzhong Zhang, Changming Ye, Mingbao Wei, Jingjing Du, 2015. Effect of COD/N ratio on nitrogen removal and microbial communities of CANON process in membrane bioreactors. Bioresource Technology, Vol. 189, pp. 302–308.
    29.
  29. Her J-J, Huang J-H., 1995. Influences of carbon source and C/N ratio on nitrate/nitrite denitrification and carbon breakthrough. Bioresource Technology, Vol. 54, pp. 45–51.
    30.
  30. Holakoo, L., Nakhla, G., Bassi, A.S., Yanful, E.K., 2007. Long term performance of MBRfor biological nitrogen removal from synthetic municipal wastewater. Chemosphere, Vol. 66, pp. 849–857.
    31.
  31. Komorowska-Kaufman, M., Majcherek, H., Klaczynski, E., 2006. Factors affecting the biological nitrogen removal from wastewater. Process Biochemical, Vol. 41, pp. 1015–1021.
    32.
  32. Masse, A., Sperandio, M., Cabassud, C., 2006. Comparison of sludge characteristics and performance of a submerged membrane bioreactor and an activated sludge process at high solids retention time. Water Research, Vol. 40, pp. 2405–2415.
    33.
  33. Kargi, F., Uygur, A., 2002. Nutrient removal performance of a sequencing batch reactor as a function of the sludge age. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, Vol. 31, pp. 842–847.
    34.
  34. Kapadan, L.K., Ozturk, R., 2005. Effect of operating parameters on color and COD removal performance of SBR: sludge age and initial dyestuff concentration. Journal of Hazardous Material, Vol. 123, pp. 217-222.
    35.
  35. Han, S. S., Bae, T. H., Jang, G. G., Tak, T. M., 2005. Influence of sludge retention time on membrane fouling and bioactivities in membrane bioreactor system. Process Biochemical, Vol. 40, pp. 2393–2400.
    36.
  36. Li, D. H., Ganczarczyk, J. J., 1990. Structure of activated sludge flocs. Biotechnology Bioengineering, Vol. 11, pp. 127–138.
    37.
  37. Wilen B. M., Balmer P., 1999. The effect of dissolved oxygen concentration on the structure, size and size distribution of activated sludge flocs. Water Research, Vol. 33, pp. 391–400.
    38.
  38. Sadalgekar V. V., Mahajan B. A., Shaligram A. M., 1988. Evaluation of sludge settleability by floc characteristics. Journalof Water Pollution Control Federation, Vol. 60, pp. 1862-1863.
    39.
  39. Rong, Q. I., Kun, Y., Zhao-xiang, Y. U., 2007. Treatment of coke plant wastewater by SND fixed biofilm hybrid system. Journal of Environmental Sciences, Vol. 19, pp. 153-159.
    40.
  40. Masoudi, S., Sargolzaei, J., Darroudi, A., 2015. Treatment of the wastewater containing ammonia nitrogen and carbon sources using simultaneous nitrification-denitrification (SND). The Conference on Environmental Science, Engineering and Technologies. Tehran, Iran (In Persian).
    41.
  41. Lijuan Feng, Guangfeng Yang, Qi Yang, Liang Zhu, Xiangyang Xu, Feng Gao, 2015. Enhanced simultaneous nitrification and denitrification via additionof biodegradable carrier Phragmites communis in biofilm pretreatmentreactor treating polluted source water. Ecological Engineering, Vol. 84, pp. 346–353.
    42.
  42. Lingxiao Gong, Li Jun, Qing Yang, Shuying Wang, Bin Ma, Yongzhen Peng, 2012. Biomass characteristics and simultaneous nitrification–denitrification under long sludge retention time in an integrated reactor treating rural domestic sewage. Bioresource Technology, Vol. 119, pp. 277–284.
    43.

 

 

 

 

 

               

Sanad

Sanad is a platform for managing Azad University publications

Links

Related Centers

Technical Support

Official pages

The rights to this website are owned by the Raimag Press Management System.
Copyright © 2021-2024

Home| Login| About Us| Contact Us|
[فارسی] [العربية] [fa] [ar]