Performance Analysis of the Form and Height of Central Skylight of Commercial Buildings in Cold and Dry Climate of Mashhad City
Subject Areas :
Renewable Energy
Samaneh Zeinolabedinzadeh
1
(Department of Architecture, Kish international Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kish Island, Iran)
Hossein medi
2
(Assistant Professor, Faculty of Architecture, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran.*(Corresponding Authour))
Mustafa Mafi
3
(Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran)
Received: 2019-09-28
Accepted : 2020-06-02
Published : 2021-05-22
Keywords:
Internal skylight,
heat stratification,
Cold and dry climate,
Energy consumption,
Abstract :
Background and Objective: In recent decades, atriums have been installed in public buildings to optimize energy consumption and provide thermal comfort, and therefore have always been of interest to mechanical engineers, architects and designers. Atrium also created different microclimates with different thermal layers in its lower space, which affected the cooling load and thermal comfort inside the building.Therefore,the purpose of this research, is to find the most suitable form and height of atrium for reducing energy consumption and heat stratification in commercial buildings of Mashhad city with cold and dry climate.Method: This research has used fluent software and Mathematical equations. Initially, Almase Shargh commercial building in Mashhad with central atrium in a spherical form of 5 m height was selected and after field measurements and data recording by dataloggers, the common atrium forms (spherical, prismatic, parabolic and flat at 3 m, 5 m, 7 m and 10 m) were replaced and in order to measure the heat stratification, the Mathematical formulas was used.Findings: According to field observations and data measurements, the fifth floor and attic of the indoor skylight due to the influence of sunlight and lack of air conditioning, are critical areas of heat stratification and are out of range of thermal comfort throughout the year. Therefore, the amount of energy consumption during the year to provide thermal comfort in these floors is high, which can be reduced by reducing the levels of light-absorbing interior walls and using materials with high thermal capacity.Discussion and Conclusion: The results show that the flat form with a height of 3 meters, due to the reduction of light levels in the interior wall and the temperature difference between the floors is the most appropriate form of atrium for reducing energy consumption and cooling load up to 7% and reducing heat stratification in commercial complex in cold and dry climate of Mashhad city.
References:
Luo, Q. ,2018, Modeling of opening characteristics of an atrium in natural ventilation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
mahmoudi zarandi, m.,2018, Atrium and Difficulties of Central Lighting in today's architecture of Iran, Tehran University, In Persian.
Fernandes, J., Pimenta, C., Mateus, R., Monteiro Silva, S., Bragança, L., 2015, Contribution of portuguese vernacular building strategies to indoor thermal comfort and occupants’ perception, Buildings, 5(4) 1242-1264.
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Christensen, S., 2014, A Model for Analyzing Heating and Cooling Demand for Atria Between Tall Buildings,Thesis of Master of Science, Brigham Young University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Richard J. Balling, Chair Matthew R. Jones Grant G. Schultz , July 2014.
Niknam, M., Najafgholipour, N.,2016, The Study of Energy Efficiency by Central Atrium in Residential Complexes, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED BIOTECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH, vol7,pp 1664-1675.
Moosavi, L., Mahyuddin, N.,AbGhafar,N.,Ismail,m.,2014,Thermal performance of atria: An overview of natural ventilation effective designs, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol34, pp654-670.
Moosavi, L., Mahyuddin, N., Ab Ghafar, N.,2015 Atrium cooling performance in a low energy office building in the Tropics, a field study, Building and Environment, vol94 , pp 384-394.
Mak, N.,1991, Thermal stratification in atria, Bachelor of Engineering thesis, Department of Engineering, University of Wollongong.
Bano, F., Kamal, M.,2016 Examining the role of building envelope for energy efficiency in office buildings in India, Architecture Research, vol 6, pp 107-115.
Wall, m.,1996, Climate and energy use in glazed spaces, Lund University, Lund Institute of Technology, Department of Building Science.
Laouadi, A., Atif, M.,2002, Prediction model of optical characteristics for barrel vault skylights, Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society, vol 31, pp 52-65.
Yiqun, P., Yuming. L., Zhizhong, H., 2009, STUDY ON ENERGY MODELING METHODS OF Atrium Buildings, Eleventh International IBPSA Conference Glasgow, Scotland,July27-30.
Du, J., Sharples, S., 2011, Assessing and predicting average daylight factors of adjoining spaces in atrium buildings under overcast sky. Building and Environment, 46(11), 2142-2152.
Incropera, F. P., Lavine, A. S., and DeWitt, D. P. (2011). Fundamentals of heat and mass transfer, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ.
Shafqat, H., 2012, NumericalL Investigations Of The Indoor Thermal Environment In Atria And Of The Buoyancy- Driven Ventilation In a Simple Atrium Building, A thesis submitted to the Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering In conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Queen’s University Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
Gilani, S., Montazeri, H., Blocken, B.,2013, CFD simulation of temperature stratification for a building space: validation and sensitivity analysis, in:13th conference of international building performance simulation association, Chambery, France.
Moosavi,L., Ab Ghafar, N., Mahyuddin, N.2016, Investigation of thermal performance for atria: A method overview, in: MATEC Web of Conferences, EDP Sciences, vol5, pp29.
Bajracharya, S., 2014 ,Simulation of Temperature Stratification in Atriums: Validation of Basic Model Features, Journal of the Institute of Engineering, Vol 10, PP 157-171.
Zhang, A.,van den Dobbelsteen, A., Sun, Y., Huang, Q., Zhang, Q.,2017,The effect of geometry parameters on energy and thermal performance of school buildings in cold climates of china, Sustainability, vol 9,pp 1708.
Abdullah a.h, Wang.F.,2015, Modelling Thermal Stratification in Atrium Using Tas program and Verification of Prediction Results,International Journal of Integrated Engineering,pp78-89
Holford, J.M. & G.R. Hunt., 2003, Fundamental atrium design for natural ventilation. Building and Environment. 38. 409-426.
Ashley, John., 2001, Modelification of Atrium To Improve Thermal And Day lighting Performance, School Of Physical And Chemical Sciences.
Timothy C.M., Ouzts, P.J., 2012, Zonal Approach to modeling Thermally Stratified Atria, Fifth National Conference of IBPSA-USA Madison, Wisconsin,August 1-3, 2012,pp168-176
Ashrae Standard., 2010, Standard 55-2010: thermal environmental conditions for human occupancy; Ashrae. Atlanta USA.
Bajracharya, S., 2016, Simulation of Temperature Stratification in Atriums: Validation of Basic Model Features, Journal of the Institute of Engineering, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 157–171
Bajracharya, S., 2016, computer simulation of thermal behavior atriums, Msc dissertation in mechanical engineering, Alberta, university of Calgary, Canada.157-171.
Christensen, S. D., 2014, A Model for Analyzing Heating and Cooling Demand for Atria Between Tall Buildings ,All Theses and Dissertations. 4211, BYU ScholarsArchive Citation.
Pitts, A.,2013, Thermal Comfort in Transition Spaces, Buildings 2013, 3, 122-142; doi: 10.3390/buildings 3010122.
Mak. Nicholas.,1991., Thermal stratification in atria, Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Bachelor of Engineering(mechanical), University of Wollongong Thesis Collection.
Luo, Q., 2018, Modeling of opening characteristics of an atrium in natural ventilation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,pp178-189.
Tahbaz, M., Jalilian, S., 2008, Principles of architectural design with climate in Iran, Publications: Shahid Beheshti University Press,First published, Tehran, In Persian.
Pan, Y., Li, Y., Huang, Zh., 2009, Study on Energy Modeling Methods of Atrium Buildings, Eleventh International IBPSA Conference, Glasgow, Scotland, July 27-30.
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Luo, Q. ,2018, Modeling of opening characteristics of an atrium in natural ventilation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
mahmoudi zarandi, m.,2018, Atrium and Difficulties of Central Lighting in today's architecture of Iran, Tehran University, In Persian.
Fernandes, J., Pimenta, C., Mateus, R., Monteiro Silva, S., Bragança, L., 2015, Contribution of portuguese vernacular building strategies to indoor thermal comfort and occupants’ perception, Buildings, 5(4) 1242-1264.
Mehrabi,J., Kazemian, F.,2017, Impact Factors on Energy Saving in Commercial-Residential Complexes for Sustainable Architecture (Case Study: Mahmoudabad City), in:The 2nd National Conference on Research Findings in Architecture, Architecture and Design, Iran-Gorgan,In Persian.
Christensen, S., 2014, A Model for Analyzing Heating and Cooling Demand for Atria Between Tall Buildings,Thesis of Master of Science, Brigham Young University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Richard J. Balling, Chair Matthew R. Jones Grant G. Schultz , July 2014.
Niknam, M., Najafgholipour, N.,2016, The Study of Energy Efficiency by Central Atrium in Residential Complexes, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED BIOTECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH, vol7,pp 1664-1675.
Moosavi, L., Mahyuddin, N.,AbGhafar,N.,Ismail,m.,2014,Thermal performance of atria: An overview of natural ventilation effective designs, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol34, pp654-670.
Moosavi, L., Mahyuddin, N., Ab Ghafar, N.,2015 Atrium cooling performance in a low energy office building in the Tropics, a field study, Building and Environment, vol94 , pp 384-394.
Mak, N.,1991, Thermal stratification in atria, Bachelor of Engineering thesis, Department of Engineering, University of Wollongong.
Bano, F., Kamal, M.,2016 Examining the role of building envelope for energy efficiency in office buildings in India, Architecture Research, vol 6, pp 107-115.
Wall, m.,1996, Climate and energy use in glazed spaces, Lund University, Lund Institute of Technology, Department of Building Science.
Laouadi, A., Atif, M.,2002, Prediction model of optical characteristics for barrel vault skylights, Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society, vol 31, pp 52-65.
Yiqun, P., Yuming. L., Zhizhong, H., 2009, STUDY ON ENERGY MODELING METHODS OF Atrium Buildings, Eleventh International IBPSA Conference Glasgow, Scotland,July27-30.
Du, J., Sharples, S., 2011, Assessing and predicting average daylight factors of adjoining spaces in atrium buildings under overcast sky. Building and Environment, 46(11), 2142-2152.
Incropera, F. P., Lavine, A. S., and DeWitt, D. P. (2011). Fundamentals of heat and mass transfer, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ.
Shafqat, H., 2012, NumericalL Investigations Of The Indoor Thermal Environment In Atria And Of The Buoyancy- Driven Ventilation In a Simple Atrium Building, A thesis submitted to the Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering In conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Queen’s University Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
Gilani, S., Montazeri, H., Blocken, B.,2013, CFD simulation of temperature stratification for a building space: validation and sensitivity analysis, in:13th conference of international building performance simulation association, Chambery, France.
Moosavi,L., Ab Ghafar, N., Mahyuddin, N.2016, Investigation of thermal performance for atria: A method overview, in: MATEC Web of Conferences, EDP Sciences, vol5, pp29.
Bajracharya, S., 2014 ,Simulation of Temperature Stratification in Atriums: Validation of Basic Model Features, Journal of the Institute of Engineering, Vol 10, PP 157-171.
Zhang, A.,van den Dobbelsteen, A., Sun, Y., Huang, Q., Zhang, Q.,2017,The effect of geometry parameters on energy and thermal performance of school buildings in cold climates of china, Sustainability, vol 9,pp 1708.
Abdullah a.h, Wang.F.,2015, Modelling Thermal Stratification in Atrium Using Tas program and Verification of Prediction Results,International Journal of Integrated Engineering,pp78-89
Holford, J.M. & G.R. Hunt., 2003, Fundamental atrium design for natural ventilation. Building and Environment. 38. 409-426.
Ashley, John., 2001, Modelification of Atrium To Improve Thermal And Day lighting Performance, School Of Physical And Chemical Sciences.
Timothy C.M., Ouzts, P.J., 2012, Zonal Approach to modeling Thermally Stratified Atria, Fifth National Conference of IBPSA-USA Madison, Wisconsin,August 1-3, 2012,pp168-176
Ashrae Standard., 2010, Standard 55-2010: thermal environmental conditions for human occupancy; Ashrae. Atlanta USA.
Bajracharya, S., 2016, Simulation of Temperature Stratification in Atriums: Validation of Basic Model Features, Journal of the Institute of Engineering, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 157–171
Bajracharya, S., 2016, computer simulation of thermal behavior atriums, Msc dissertation in mechanical engineering, Alberta, university of Calgary, Canada.157-171.
Christensen, S. D., 2014, A Model for Analyzing Heating and Cooling Demand for Atria Between Tall Buildings ,All Theses and Dissertations. 4211, BYU ScholarsArchive Citation.
Pitts, A.,2013, Thermal Comfort in Transition Spaces, Buildings 2013, 3, 122-142; doi: 10.3390/buildings 3010122.
Mak. Nicholas.,1991., Thermal stratification in atria, Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Bachelor of Engineering(mechanical), University of Wollongong Thesis Collection.
Luo, Q., 2018, Modeling of opening characteristics of an atrium in natural ventilation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,pp178-189.
Tahbaz, M., Jalilian, S., 2008, Principles of architectural design with climate in Iran, Publications: Shahid Beheshti University Press,First published, Tehran, In Persian.
Pan, Y., Li, Y., Huang, Zh., 2009, Study on Energy Modeling Methods of Atrium Buildings, Eleventh International IBPSA Conference, Glasgow, Scotland, July 27-30.
