The Presentation of environmental Strategies of Forest Roads Using SWOT approach
Subject Areas : ارزیابی پی آمدهای محیط زیستیyunes garavand 1 , Seyed Mohsen Hosseini 2 , akbar najafi 3 , Samereh Falahatkar 4
1 - Phd Student - forestry at Tarbiat Modarres University, Noor, Iran.
2 - ¬Professor of Forestry, Department of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modarres University, Noor, Iran. *(Corresponding Author)
3 - Associate Professor of Forestry, Department of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modarres University, Noor, Iran.
4 - ¬Assistant Professor of Environment Department, Department of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modarres University, Noor, Iran.
Keywords: Environmental Assessment, Strategic Planning, SWOT, Forest Road, Lavij.,
Abstract :
Background and Objectives: Road construction projects involve among projects with a broad ranges of wide range of positive and negative effects on the economy, society and the environment leave. Environmental Impact Assessment is one of the ways to achieve positive and negative results from such projects. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and present environmental strategies in relation to forest roads of district 1 and 2 of Lavij forestry project located in Mazandaran province.
Material and Methodology: In this study, SWOT method was used to environmental impact assessment the before, during and after of the forest roads construction. For this purpose, a questionnaire was prepared based on internal factors (strengths and weaknesses) and external factors (opportunities and threats). The validity of these questionnaires was confirmed by professors and experts in the relevant field and was filled by 15 experts in the field of forestry and forest engineering to obtain appropriate results.
Finding: The results of research showed that the invasive strategy is the best possible strategy for environmental management of the region in all three stages. In addition, for the environmental management of the region, three strategies: diversifying the plant and animal species and tourist attractions, creating employment for local communities and increasing the income of forest dwellers and neighboring communities, and finally providing healthy and active life for local communities as the most important strategies in these three phases were introduced.
Discussion and conclusion: The present study, taking into account the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in the region, tried to present strategies that best turn weaknesses into strengths and threats into opportunities, which will be possible by providing invasive strategy. Also in this study it was found that the forest roads construction have a significant impact on the economy and social of local communities so that Creating employment, increasing income, development infrastructures, improve education, enhancement participation, prevent migration and raise awareness of local communities, including the positive effects of forest roads construction.
1. Baker, T.P., Jordan, G.J., Baker, S.C., 2016. Microclimatic edge effects in a recently harvested forest: do remnant forest patches create the same impact as large forest areas?. Forest Ecology and Management, 365: 128-136. (In Persian)
2. Hosseinzadeh, R., Soosani, J., Razmahang, S., 2018. Effect of road on Diversity of woody plant species of oak forests Khorramabad. (Case study: Perc forest in Ghalagol region). Journal of Plant Research (Iranian Journal of Biology), 31(1): 63-71. (In Persian)
3. Hajipour, M., Naghdi, R., Sharari, M., Pour-Gholi, Z., 2020, Evaluation of forest road construction on regeneration (Case Study: Sistan,s forest management plan, Guilan). J. Env. Sci. Tech., 22(1): 247-259. (In Persian)
4. Kiss, K., Malinen, J., Tokola. T., 2015. Forest road quality control using ALS data. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 45(11): 1636-1642.
5. Najafi, A., Hossieni, S.M., Ezzati, S., Torabi, M., Fakhari, M.A., 2010. Comparison of regeneration and biodiversity of trees on cut and fill edges of forest road (Case study: Chamestan and Lavige forests, Noor). Journal of Wood and Forest Science and Technology, 17(4): 139- 152. (In Persian)
6. Melemez, K., 2013. An environmental assessment of forest stands damages caused by excavators during road construction in Beech forests. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 10(4): 645-650.
7. Sibi, A., Raafatnia, A., 2012. Consideration of effective factors in design of forest roads using Geographic Information System (GIS). Journal of Renewable Natural Resources Research, 3(1): 10-12. (In Persian)
8. Ghasemi Aghbash, F., Heidari, M., 2018. Investigation of the effects of roads on the Persian oak forest ecosystems from the point view of the understory plant communities diversity and physico-chemical properties of soil. Journal of Plant Ecosystem Conservation, 6(12): 59-76. (In Persian)
9. Bazyari, M., Jalilvand, H., Kooch, Y., Hosseini, S.A., 2014. Ecological effects of forest roads on biodiversity and floristic composition (case study; leeresar, galanderood, makarood). Journal of Plant Research, 27(1): 41-51. (In Persian)
10. Azizi, Z., Najafi, A., 2011. Fuzzy classification in forest area for road design (Case study: Lirehsar forest, Tonekabon). Journal of forest and poplar research, 19: 43-54. (In Persian)
11. Watson, M.L. 2005. Habitat fragmentation and the effects of roads on wildlife and habitats, New Mexico Department of Game and Fish, 18p.
12. Forman, R.T., Deblinger, R.D., 2000. The ecological road‐effect zone of a Massachusetts (USA) suburban highway. Conservation biology, 14(1): 36-46.
13. Monavari, M., Ghazi, M.S., 2005. Study of the ecological impacts off Infrastructre construction of the Tehran-Pardis highway tehan- pardi highway on the Faunn AUNA (mammals and birds) of Khojir National Park. Journal of Environmentl Sciences, 2 (8): 43- 56. (In Persian)
14. van der Ree, R., Jaeger, J. A., van der Grift, E.A., Clevenger, A.P., 2011. Effects of roads and traffic on wildlife populations and landscape function: road ecology is moving toward larger scales. Ecology and society, 16(1): 48
15. Bazyari, M., Jalilvand, H., Hosseini, S.A., Kooch, Y., 2016. Effect of Forest Roads on Biodiversity Regeneration of Tree Species. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 18(3): 415-424. (In Persian)
16. Nematollahi, S., Fakheran, S., Jafari, A., Raeisi, T., Pourmanafi, S., 2020. Landscape Planning for Conservation, Based on the InVEST Model of Habitat Quality and Ecological Impact Assessment of Road Network in Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari Province. Iranian Journal of Applied Ecology, 8(4): 67- 81. (In Persian)
17. Dadvar Khani, F., Mousavi, S.S., Oroji, H., Alizadeh, M., 2015. Assessment of the Impacts of Constructing Tehran-North Highway on the Rural Areas of Kan-Souleghan. Human Geography Research, 47(2): 391-410. (In Persian)
18. Demir, M. 2007. Impacts, management and functional planning criterion of forest road network system in Turkey. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 41(1): 56-68.
19. Anonymous, 2009. Lavij Series 1 Revision Plan - Watershed 49, 335 p.
20. Rahmani, H., Rostami, P., Haghparast, Sara., 2018. The impact of environmental parameters on fish biodiversity of Lavij River, Noor, Mazandaran Province. Journal of Applied Ichthyological Research, 6(2): 13- 30.
21. Anonymous, 2009. Lavij Series 2 Revision Plan - Watershed 49, 318 p.
22. Sharib, S., Halog, A., 2017. Enhancing value chains by applying industrial symbiosis concept to the Rubber City in Kedah, Malaysia. Journal of Cleaner Production, 141: 1095-1108.
23. Modiri, M., Karimi, S.H., Hashemi, D.Z., 2017. Choosing medical tourism strategy based on SWOT and fuzzy multi-criteria decision making. Journal of Health Administration (JHA), 20(68): 23- 37. (In Persian)
24. Nikolaou, I.E., Evangelinos, K.I., 2010. A SWOT analysis of environmental management practices in Greek Mining and Mineral Industry. Resources Policy, 35(3): 226-234.
25. Kahraman, C., Demirel, N.C. & Demirel, T. 2007. Prioritization of e-Government strategies using a SWOT-AHP analysis: the case of Turkey. European Journal of Information Systems, 16(3): 284-298.
26. Rachid, G., El Fadel, M., 2013. Comparative SWOT analysis of strategic environmental assessment systems in the Middle East and North Africa region. Journal of environmental management, 125: 85-93.
27. Ghaemi, P., Shobeiri, S.M., Larijani, M., Rokrok, B. 2017. Developing the Conceptual Model for Environmental Education Expansion by Evaluation of Strategic Parameters. Environmental Researches, 7(14), 3-16.
28. Abedi, S., & Eftekharyan, N. (2020). An Assessment of The Potential for Developing Ecotourism (Case study: Twin lake black clover). Urban Economics and Planning, 1(3), 178-187.
29. Golkar, K., 2005. Tailoring SWOT analytical technique to urban design practice. Journal of Soffeh, 15(41): 44- 64. (In Persian)
30. Jafari, A., Najafi, A., Mafi Gholami, D., 2011. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Construction and Utilization forest Roads (Case Study: The road of experiment Forest of Tarbiat Modares University). Environment and Development Journal, 1(2): 71- 78. (In Persian)
31. Falahatkar, S., Sadeghi, A., Soffianian, A., 2010. Environmental impact assessment of Ghameshloo highway using ICOLD matrix and Checklist. Town and Country Planning, 2(2): 110- 130. (In Persiaan)
