Visual Impact Assessment of building’s facade on the natural landscape (Case study: Namaz Boulevard of Mashhad)

Subject Areas : Architecture and urbanism

maryam motamedi nejad ¹ , sanaz saeidi mofrad ²

1 - PhD candidate of urbanism, Mashhad branch, Islamic Azad university, Mashhad, Iran.
2 - Assistant professor, urbanism department, Mashhad branch, Islamic Azad university, Mashhad, Iran. *(Corresponding Author)

Received: 2020-07-28 Accepted : 2020-11-02 Published : 2022-01-21

Keywords: Namaz Boulevard of Mashhad, Visual Impact Assessment, landscape, Urban façade,

Abstract :

Background and Objective: One of the most important challenges regarding recent urban developments is the issue of urban facades, which has become more and more important due to the lack of harmony and coordination of urban facades with the natural context of cities. The main issue of the present study is the study and analyzing of the effects of urban views of recent constructions on the natural landscape and the visual effects of the urban landscape. Material and Methodology: The methodology of the present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. And the research area is Namaz Boulevard located in the southern heights of Mashhad metropolis. First, in order to identify the visual qualities of the study area, field sampling method and photography tools were used, Then, the data were analyzed using graphic software and finally, using the VIA visual impact assessment method, the effects of urban facades on the natural landscape of the area were evaluated. Findings: Findings show that the components of the relationship in the urban landscape of recent constructions have positive and direct effects and in some areas of influence due to lack of coordination and non-observance of rhythm and visual continuity and other adjacent criteria, direct, negative and medium-term effects. It has been left and in terms of components such as harmony and unity in architectural style, the type of materials and color palette used in urban facades, long-term negative effects are predicted for it. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate that in recent years, the elevation in Namaz Boulevard on the one hand and the inconsistency of construction patterns and architectural style with the urban context, have negative, direct and long-term effects on the natural landscape and lead to obstruction of vision and disturbances. Visual and loss of landscape and ecological structures are limited.

References:

1. K. Urban Landscape concept. 1385. Abadi. Vol. 43. pp. 38-53. (In Persian)


2. Reza zadeh. M. Organizing and improving the urban Façade, The need for an urban approach to urban design issues.1379. Architectural and Urbanism. Vol. 58-59. (In Persian)


3. Askari, A. H. . Binti Dola, Kamariah. Influence of Building Façade Visual Elements on Its Historical Image: Case of Kuala Lumpur City, Malaysia. 2009. Design and built invvironment. vol.5. pp. 49-59


4. Brian. An introduction of visual impact assessment. 2011. WEDC. LoughboroghUniversity


5. J. Garcia. L. Ayuga, F. Assessment of the visual impact made on the landscape by new buildings: a methodology for site selection. 2004. Land and urban plan. Vol. 68. 15-28


6. A. Landscape and visual impact assessment.1392. Art. Vol.177. pp.19-12. (In Persian)


7. H. R. Fitzbibbon, J.E. Bechard, K.P. Wightman. J. A. Itami. R. M: Procedure for as- sessing visual quality for landscape planning and management. 1987. Environ. Manag. Vol. 11. pp.359-367


8. Feenberg-Dibon. A. M. Thinking through Landscape. Berque, A. NY: Routledge. 2013


9. A. Mansouri. SA. .Barati.N. Urban Infrastructures and the Necessity of Changing Their Definition and Planning Landscape Infrastructure; a New Concept for Urban Infrastructures in 21st Century. Bagh-E Nazar. 2017. Vol.13. pp. 5-18. (In Persian)


10. F. City as Landscape, A Post Post-Modern View of Design and Planning, Turner. T. 2. Tehran: Processing and urban planning. 1996. Pp. 117. (In Persian)


11. A. mansoori. S. A. The study of landscape concept with an emphasis on the views of authorities of various disiplines. Bagh-Nazar. 1396. Vol14. Pp17-28. (In Persian)


12. H. Landscape is everywhere. The construction of landscape by US-American laypersons. Geographische Zeitschrift. 2015. Vol. 103. pp. 151-170 


13. AS. Urban landscape A review of several theories. Abadi. 1385. Vol. 53. Pp. 54-62(Persian)


14. Keshtkaran, R. Urban landscape: A review of key concepts and main purposes, International Journal of Development and Sustainability .2019. vol. 8(2). Pp. 144-164


15. S. Ansari. M. Evaluating the effect of urban landscape elements on the local affiliation (Case study: Narmak neighborhood of Tehran), City Identity. 2011. Vol. 18. Pp. 39-46. (In Persian)


16. A. Dictionary of Dehkhoda. Moein. M. 1347. University of Tehran Press. (In Persian)


17. T. Lasnamäe Track and Field Centre: Façade, MAJA, Estonian Architectural Review. 2004. Retrieved 7 September 2007


18. A. Thurlow. C. Semiotic Landscapes: Language, Image, Space. 1.314. London: Continuum. 2010


19. A. H. A user preference modelling method for the assessment of visual complexity in building façade Hussein. 2018


20. K. Dimensions to Create Environmental Quality in Urban Design. 1. Tehran. Azarakhsh. 1394. Pp. 191-192. (In Persian)


21. K. Creating sustainable place. Tehran, shahid Beheshti University. 1393.p 137. (In Persian)


22. M. City plan and façade and Appearance of the city. Articles on the city and urban planning. Lynch. K. 1373. Tehran University. (In Persian)


23. P. Theoretical foundations and urban design process. 7.Tehran. Shahidi press. 1394. pp. 121(Persian)


24. L. Riken. H. Kazuhisa. I. Preferences for a lake landscape: Effects ofEbuilding height and lake width. Environmental Impact Assessment Review.2018. Vol. 70. pp. 22-33


25. Karimi Moshaver. M. Methods, Techniques and Tools in Urban Visual Analysis. Bagh-Nazar. 1393. Vol. 11. pp. 73-80. (In Persian)


26. Smardon,Richard(2012),Visual Impact Assessment: Where have we come from and where are we going? Enviromental protection, vol. 7 , 1333-1341


27. A. Gholami .S. Karimimoshaver. M. .Assessing the visual impact of physical features of tall buildings: Height,top, color, Environmental Impact Assessment Review. 2016. Vol. 57. pp. 53-62. (In Persian)


28. Https://earth.google.com ,2020


29. Mashhad reference location data,1390, Researcher field perception,1399


30. Researcher field perception,1399


31. Mashhad reference location data,1390


32. M. Guidelines for Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment. Institute of Environmental Management and Assessment. 2. Tehran: Tehran University press.1385. pp.84. (In Persian)