The effect of membrane structure on the performance of physical models of energy extraction from salinity gradient in Arvand River

Subject Areas : River Basin Environment

Somayeh Khodadadian Elikaiy ¹ , Kamran Lari ² , Masoud Torabi Azad ³ , Abdolreza Sabetahd Jahromi ⁴ , Afshin Mohseni Arasteh ⁵

1 - PhD student in Physical oceanography, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran.
2 - Associate Professor of Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran.
3 - Professor of Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran. *(Corresponding Authors)
4 - Assistant Professor of Islamic Azad University, Jahrom Branch, Jahrom, Iran.
5 - Associate Professor Islamic Azad University North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran

Received: 2022-04-27 Accepted : 2022-05-23 Published : 2023-03-21

Keywords: Salinity gradient, Reverse electrodialysis, Delayed osmosis pressure, Arvand River,

Abstract :

Background & Objective: The importance and necessity of discovering renewable energy sources and investing in electrical energy extraction methods is one of the biggest goals of developed and developing countries. Salinity gradient power is the use of the potential in the concentration difference between two solutions, such as sea salt water and fresh river water, is one of the ways to obtain electrical energy. The electrical energy obtained from the process of salinity gradient power can be a good alternative to produce electrical energy, which is The objectives of this research are the effect of nanostructured membranes on the performance of physical models of energy extraction from the salinity gradient in Arvand River.Material and Methodology:  First, by examining the study area, Gibbs energy was calculated and its value was found to be negative. Therefore, the process of extracting energy from the salinity gradient is spontaneous. A physical model based on delayed osmosis pressure (PRO) method was designed and evaluated. The physical model designed with the TFC membrane is a nanostructure in which a difference in height was created by using river water and sea water in laboratory conditions with different concentrations. After designing the PRO and receiving the output from the physical model, the results with the pressure process model Reverse osmosis (RED) was compared. This research was conducted in 2020 using the required data from 2010 to 2018.Findings: By calculating the Gibbs energy in both reverse osmosis (RED) and delayed osmosis (PRO) processes, its value was negative. The designed physical model based on the PRO method was designed with a nanostructured TFC membrane, in which using water 10 ppm river and 50 ppm sea water created the highest amount of flow in laboratory conditions. The amount of potential difference created between the two ends of each cell in the reverse electrodialysis system was calculated according to the concentration ratio of sea water to river water for each hydrometric station and the highest The value for Khorramshahr station is 80 mV. This amount was obtained by using nano technique on the membrane used in this system and the proper design of the cell, which increased the efficiency of the device by 11 percent compared to non-nano membranes.Discussion and conclusion: By examining and comparing these two methods, we come to the conclusion that by obtaining the Gibbs energy in both processes, it is done spontaneously. Both methods of Khorramshahr station have the best efficiency. The advantage of RED compared to PRO is that the electrical energy produced occurs in a lower salinity gradient, while a higher salinity gradient difference is required in the PRO process. By calculating the energy production potential, Khorramshahr station has the highest efficiency. The use of nano-structured membrane has also had a direct effect on the performance of the device in both methods.

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