Commodification of the Environment, Hidden Crime Performed by Governments
Subject Areas :
environmental low
Mohammad Hossein Zahedian Tejenaki
1
(Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran)
Houshang Shambayati
2
(Assistant Professor of Criminal Law and Criminology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran)
Ali Najafi Tavana
3
(Assistant Professor of Criminal Law and Criminology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran)
Received: 2020-11-21
Accepted : 2021-10-14
Published : 2021-06-22
Keywords:
References:
Carson, R. (2016). Silent Spring. Vahabzadeh. A. Koocheki, A. Alizadeh, A, translator. Mashhad, Jahade Daneshgahi Publication. [Persion].
NajafiAbransabadi, A H. Hashembeyki, H. (2015). Lexican of criminology 3rd Tehran: Ganjedanesh Publication. [Persian].
Bo, L. Zhang, F. Zhang, LW. Hang, IF. Zhi – Feng, J. Gupta. D. (2012). Comprehensive suitability evaluation of tea crops using GIS and a modified land ecological suitability evaluation model. Pedosphere. 22 (1): 122-130.
Nouri, J. Arjmandy, R. Riazi, B. Aleshkh, A A. Motahari, S. (2016). Comparing multi-criteria decision – making (MSDM) tool and selecting mountain tourism sites. Environmental Engineering and Management Journal [EEM]. 15 [1]: 41-52.
Dhami, I. Dang, I. Burns, RC. Pierskalla, C. (2014). Identifying and mapping forest – based ecotourism areas in West Virginia – Incorporating visitors preference. Tourism Management. 42: 165-176.
Harvey, D. (1996). Justice, Nature and the Geography of difference. Oxford: Black Well.
Blacksell, M. (2010). Political Geography. Hafeznia, M R. Abdi, A. Ahmady, A. Rabiee, H. translators. Tehran, Entekhab publication. [Persian].
Lashgari, E. Rezaei, M. Kaviyanpoor. G. (2017). Theoretical explanation of functions of political power in urban space. Journal of Geographical Research. 32 (2): 52. 66. [Persian].
White, R. (2016). International Environmental Crime (toward on eco-global criminology). DaneshNary, H, translator. Tehran: Mizan publication. [Persian].
Haines, F. (1997). Corporate Regulation: Beyond ‘Punish or Persuade’. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
DaneshNary, H R. (2013). Critical approach to global environmental crime. Police International Studies Journal. 15 (4): 83-107. [Persian].
Hajivand, A. Mirkamali, H. Safari, F. Sarvai Sarmidani, O. (2018). Government criminal responsibility for environmental crime in Iran: Necessities and challenges. Environmental Sciences. [Persian].
Mirkamali, A L. Hajivand, A. Nabati, A. (2020). Environmental Crimes and Prevention of Bio Harms in the Measure of Green Cultural Criminology Bioethics Journal. 10 (35): 1-10. [Persian].
Poorbafrany, H. Hemati. (2015). Critique of Iran's Criminal Policy towards environmental crimes. 87 (23): 349-373. [Persian].
Shamloo, B. DaneshNary, H R. (2018). The role of corporate organizational culture in committing environmental crimes; Sample research of Mashhad factories. Legal Studies Journal. 4(10): 59-97. [Persian] .
Salimi, S. (2007). White- collar criminals and Iran's criminal policy. Private Law Studies Journal. 4 (38): 239-254. [Persian].
ShamsNatery, M E. Shahhryari, B. (2015). The criminological nature of hazardous behaviors in the emerging school of Zemiology. Knowledge and risks Journal. 3(2): 325-340. [Persian].
Gholami, N. Abbasi, M. (2017). An introduction to the concept of state crime form the Bioethics Principles Perspective. Bioethics Journal. 7 (24): 83-97. [Persian].
NajafAbrandababy, A H. (2010). From criminology to Zemiology, Legal Research Quarterly Journal. 56 (14): 1015-1032. [Persian].
Jeffry, H R. (2000). The rich get richer and the poor get prison. Ideology, class and criminal justice. Boston. Allyn and Bacon.
Arshady, M. (2005). The Role of the Indian judiciary in Environmental Protection. Human Sciences MODARES Journal. 3 (9): 1-20. [Persian].
Gormely, W P. (1988). The Right to Safe and Decent Environmental, 28 the Indiana Journal of International Law, 1-32.
Khashef, Sh. (2017). Iran and International Environmental Low. Tehran: Khorsandy publication. [Persian].
Najafi Tavana, A. (2007). Conflict and obstruction in Iran's criminal policy. Legal Research Journal 10 (1):1-33. [Persian].
Zaroki, Sh. (2019). The Effect of Government Size on Environmental Pollatants in Iran. Economic Modeling Research Journal. 36 (9): 195-234. [Persian].
ZareMahdavi, G. DaneshNary, H R. (2016) International Security and Environmental crime, Tehran, Mizan Publication. [Persian].
Jacob, A. (2011). Economic Theories of crime and Delinquency. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environmental , No21(3) ,p .270-283.
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Carson, R. (2016). Silent Spring. Vahabzadeh. A. Koocheki, A. Alizadeh, A, translator. Mashhad, Jahade Daneshgahi Publication. [Persion].
NajafiAbransabadi, A H. Hashembeyki, H. (2015). Lexican of criminology 3rd Tehran: Ganjedanesh Publication. [Persian].
Bo, L. Zhang, F. Zhang, LW. Hang, IF. Zhi – Feng, J. Gupta. D. (2012). Comprehensive suitability evaluation of tea crops using GIS and a modified land ecological suitability evaluation model. Pedosphere. 22 (1): 122-130.
Nouri, J. Arjmandy, R. Riazi, B. Aleshkh, A A. Motahari, S. (2016). Comparing multi-criteria decision – making (MSDM) tool and selecting mountain tourism sites. Environmental Engineering and Management Journal [EEM]. 15 [1]: 41-52.
Dhami, I. Dang, I. Burns, RC. Pierskalla, C. (2014). Identifying and mapping forest – based ecotourism areas in West Virginia – Incorporating visitors preference. Tourism Management. 42: 165-176.
Harvey, D. (1996). Justice, Nature and the Geography of difference. Oxford: Black Well.
Blacksell, M. (2010). Political Geography. Hafeznia, M R. Abdi, A. Ahmady, A. Rabiee, H. translators. Tehran, Entekhab publication. [Persian].
Lashgari, E. Rezaei, M. Kaviyanpoor. G. (2017). Theoretical explanation of functions of political power in urban space. Journal of Geographical Research. 32 (2): 52. 66. [Persian].
White, R. (2016). International Environmental Crime (toward on eco-global criminology). DaneshNary, H, translator. Tehran: Mizan publication. [Persian].
Haines, F. (1997). Corporate Regulation: Beyond ‘Punish or Persuade’. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
DaneshNary, H R. (2013). Critical approach to global environmental crime. Police International Studies Journal. 15 (4): 83-107. [Persian].
Hajivand, A. Mirkamali, H. Safari, F. Sarvai Sarmidani, O. (2018). Government criminal responsibility for environmental crime in Iran: Necessities and challenges. Environmental Sciences. [Persian].
Mirkamali, A L. Hajivand, A. Nabati, A. (2020). Environmental Crimes and Prevention of Bio Harms in the Measure of Green Cultural Criminology Bioethics Journal. 10 (35): 1-10. [Persian].
Poorbafrany, H. Hemati. (2015). Critique of Iran's Criminal Policy towards environmental crimes. 87 (23): 349-373. [Persian].
Shamloo, B. DaneshNary, H R. (2018). The role of corporate organizational culture in committing environmental crimes; Sample research of Mashhad factories. Legal Studies Journal. 4(10): 59-97. [Persian] .
Salimi, S. (2007). White- collar criminals and Iran's criminal policy. Private Law Studies Journal. 4 (38): 239-254. [Persian].
ShamsNatery, M E. Shahhryari, B. (2015). The criminological nature of hazardous behaviors in the emerging school of Zemiology. Knowledge and risks Journal. 3(2): 325-340. [Persian].
Gholami, N. Abbasi, M. (2017). An introduction to the concept of state crime form the Bioethics Principles Perspective. Bioethics Journal. 7 (24): 83-97. [Persian].
NajafAbrandababy, A H. (2010). From criminology to Zemiology, Legal Research Quarterly Journal. 56 (14): 1015-1032. [Persian].
Jeffry, H R. (2000). The rich get richer and the poor get prison. Ideology, class and criminal justice. Boston. Allyn and Bacon.
Arshady, M. (2005). The Role of the Indian judiciary in Environmental Protection. Human Sciences MODARES Journal. 3 (9): 1-20. [Persian].
Gormely, W P. (1988). The Right to Safe and Decent Environmental, 28 the Indiana Journal of International Law, 1-32.
Khashef, Sh. (2017). Iran and International Environmental Low. Tehran: Khorsandy publication. [Persian].
Najafi Tavana, A. (2007). Conflict and obstruction in Iran's criminal policy. Legal Research Journal 10 (1):1-33. [Persian].
Zaroki, Sh. (2019). The Effect of Government Size on Environmental Pollatants in Iran. Economic Modeling Research Journal. 36 (9): 195-234. [Persian].
ZareMahdavi, G. DaneshNary, H R. (2016) International Security and Environmental crime, Tehran, Mizan Publication. [Persian].
Jacob, A. (2011). Economic Theories of crime and Delinquency. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environmental , No21(3) ,p .270-283.
