Optimizing Fertilizer Application in Relation to Soil Nutrients Analysis Sustaining Environment; Case Study corn Farms of Kuzaran, Kermanshah Province, Iran
Subject Areas : Agriculture and EnvironmentMosayeb Heshmati 1 , Parastoo Ghuchi 2 , Nasrin Karami 3
1 - Associate Professor, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Department, Kermanshah Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Kermanshah, Iran*(Corresponding Author).
2 - MS graduate, Watershed Management, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran
3 - BS graduate, Range and Watershed Management, University of Applied Science and Technology, Mahidasht, Iran.
Keywords: Corn Farm, Chemical Fertilizers, Recommended Fertilizers, Kermanshah Province,
Abstract :
Corn (maize) is cultivated in several parts of irrigation lands of Iran and over application of chemical fertilizers causing environmental and human health impacts. However, soil nutrients available analysis can be improved with optimal chemical fertilizer consumption in these farms. The objective of this research was to evaluate soil nutrients content and appropriate fertilizers application in the corn farms which was conducted in Kuzaran, west Kermanshah, Iran. Soil sampling carried out from 0-30 soil depth and subjected to soil organic carbon (SOC) content as well as availability of N, P, K, Mn, Fe and Zn analysis. The results showed that the mean SOC was low (1.23%) and significantly (p<0.05) correlated to all measured soil nutrients. The respective average level of N, P, K, Mn, Fe and Zn was 0.121, 17.00, 381, 9.71, 12.41 and0.86 mg-1 kg. The recommended consumption rates included triple super phosphate, potassium sulfate and iron, hence; these rates were not correlated with P, K and F available in the soil. Furthermore, recommended potassium sulfate input was 134 kg/ha, while soil K available was sufficient for corn crop. In contrasts, the recommended levels of Urea (418 kg/ha), manganese sulfate (32.4 kg/ha) and Zinc sulfate (54.3 kg/ha) were significantly correlated with soil N, Mn and Zn content. Thus, recommended chemical fertilizers application was not sufficiently accurate and did not follow by soil nutrients content. For sustaining environment and human health, the consumption of chemical fertilizer particularly in corn farms should be recommended based on soil nutrient analysis and crop needs.
1- Sepehr, A., Malakuti, M.J., Kholdbarin, B., Karimian, N., Samadi, A., Rasooli, H., Noorgholipoor, F. and Rezaee. H. 2010. Comparative study on phosphor absorption in cereal crops. Iranian Journal of Soil Research, 2 (23): 126-134. (In Persian)
2- Mostashari, M. 2012. The effects of wheat cultivation in corn rotation on mineralized and availability of phosphorous in calcareous soil. Iranian Journal of Soil Research, 26 (1): 19-21. (In Persian)
3- Hatam, Z. and Ronaghi, A. 2012. Imbalance nutrition in corn through Cu and Mn in calcareous soil. Iranian Journal of Soil Research, 3 (26): 197-206. (In Persian)
4- Khaseh-Sirjani, A., Farahbakhsh, H. and RAvari, S.H. 2011. Evaluation the effects of biological fertilizer, zinc sulfate and urea on wheat yield. Iranian Journal of Soil Research, 2 (25;A): 125-135. (In Persian)
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7- Watanabe, F. S., and S. R. Olsen. 1965. Test of an ascorbic acid for determining phosphorous in water and NaHCO3-extracted from soil. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 29: 677-678.
8- Lindsay, W. L., and W. A. Norvell. 1978. Development of DTPA soil test for zinc, iron, manganese, and copper. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 42: 421-428.
9- Hazelton, P. and Murphy, B. 2007. Interpreting Soil Test Results. CSIRO Publisher Sydney.
10- Farid Giglo, B Arami, A and Akhzari, D. 2014. Assessing the role of some soil properties onaggregate stability using path analysis (Case study: silty-clay- loam and clay-loam soil from gully lands in North West of Iran), ECOPERSIA, 2 (2), 513-523.
11- Liu, K. and Wiatrak, P., 2012.Corn production response to tillage and nitrogen application in dry-land environment. Soil and Tillage Research. 124, 138-143.
12- Asgharzadeh, M., Malakuti, M.J., Bahrami, S. and Ebrahimi, S. 2005. Management of soil in Iran. Soils of Iran; new approaches on management and utility. In: Banaee, M.H., Momeni, A., Baybordi, M. and Malakuti, M.J. (Edi.), Soil and Water Research Institue Pres. Tehran (In Persian)
13- Ahmadpoor, S.R. Bahmanyar, M.A., Salek Gilani, S. and Forghani, A. 2011.Assessing the urea and phosphor enzymes affecting some soil characteristics through compost and vermicomposting for corn. Iranian Journal of Soil Research, 2 (25;A): 113-123. (In Persian)
14- Malakuti, M.J., Ghaderi, J., Majidi, A. and Baybordi, M. 2005. Monitoring the soil resource of Iran. Soils of Iran; new approaches on management and utility. In: Banaee, M.H., Momeni, A., Baybordi, M. and Malakuti, M.J. (Edi.), Soil and Water Research Institue Pres. Tehran (In Persian)
15- Bruce, R.C. and Rayment, G.E. 1982. Analaytical methods and interpretations used by the agricultural chemistry branch for soil and land use survey. Queenland Department of Primary Indusrial. Bulletin QB8 (2004), Indooroopilly, Queenland.
16- Karimian, N. 2012. Assessment of chemical fertilizer in Iran; An overview and new approaches. Iranian Journal of Soil Research, 4 (25): 265-278. (In Persian)
17- Momeni, A., Rasoil. M., Baybordi, M. and Malakuti, M.J. 2005. Proper application of chemical fertilizers. Soils of Iran; new approaches on management and utility. In: Banaee, M.H., Momeni, A., Baybordi, M. and Malakuti, M.J. (Edi.), Soil and Water Research Institue Pres. Tehran (In Persian)
18- Keshavarz, P., Malakuti, M.J. and Homaee, M. 2005. Soil salinity management. Soils of Iran; new approaches on management and utility. In: Banaee, M.H., Momeni, A., Baybordi, M. and Malakuti, M.J. (Edi.), Soil and Water Research Institue Pres. Tehran (In Persian)
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1- Sepehr, A., Malakuti, M.J., Kholdbarin, B., Karimian, N., Samadi, A., Rasooli, H., Noorgholipoor, F. and Rezaee. H. 2010. Comparative study on phosphor absorption in cereal crops. Iranian Journal of Soil Research, 2 (23): 126-134. (In Persian)
2- Mostashari, M. 2012. The effects of wheat cultivation in corn rotation on mineralized and availability of phosphorous in calcareous soil. Iranian Journal of Soil Research, 26 (1): 19-21. (In Persian)
3- Hatam, Z. and Ronaghi, A. 2012. Imbalance nutrition in corn through Cu and Mn in calcareous soil. Iranian Journal of Soil Research, 3 (26): 197-206. (In Persian)
4- Khaseh-Sirjani, A., Farahbakhsh, H. and RAvari, S.H. 2011. Evaluation the effects of biological fertilizer, zinc sulfate and urea on wheat yield. Iranian Journal of Soil Research, 2 (25;A): 125-135. (In Persian)
5- Nelson, D. W., and L. E. Sommers. 1996. Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter.PP. 961-1010. In: D. L. Sparks et al., (Eds). Methods of Soil Analysis. Part III, 3rd Ed.American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI.
6- Bremner, J. M. 1996. Nitrogen-Total. PP. 1082-1122. In: D. L. Sparks et al., (Eds). Methods of Soil Analysis. Part III, 3rd Ed. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI.
7- Watanabe, F. S., and S. R. Olsen. 1965. Test of an ascorbic acid for determining phosphorous in water and NaHCO3-extracted from soil. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 29: 677-678.
8- Lindsay, W. L., and W. A. Norvell. 1978. Development of DTPA soil test for zinc, iron, manganese, and copper. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 42: 421-428.
9- Hazelton, P. and Murphy, B. 2007. Interpreting Soil Test Results. CSIRO Publisher Sydney.
10- Farid Giglo, B Arami, A and Akhzari, D. 2014. Assessing the role of some soil properties onaggregate stability using path analysis (Case study: silty-clay- loam and clay-loam soil from gully lands in North West of Iran), ECOPERSIA, 2 (2), 513-523.
11- Liu, K. and Wiatrak, P., 2012.Corn production response to tillage and nitrogen application in dry-land environment. Soil and Tillage Research. 124, 138-143.
12- Asgharzadeh, M., Malakuti, M.J., Bahrami, S. and Ebrahimi, S. 2005. Management of soil in Iran. Soils of Iran; new approaches on management and utility. In: Banaee, M.H., Momeni, A., Baybordi, M. and Malakuti, M.J. (Edi.), Soil and Water Research Institue Pres. Tehran (In Persian)
13- Ahmadpoor, S.R. Bahmanyar, M.A., Salek Gilani, S. and Forghani, A. 2011.Assessing the urea and phosphor enzymes affecting some soil characteristics through compost and vermicomposting for corn. Iranian Journal of Soil Research, 2 (25;A): 113-123. (In Persian)
14- Malakuti, M.J., Ghaderi, J., Majidi, A. and Baybordi, M. 2005. Monitoring the soil resource of Iran. Soils of Iran; new approaches on management and utility. In: Banaee, M.H., Momeni, A., Baybordi, M. and Malakuti, M.J. (Edi.), Soil and Water Research Institue Pres. Tehran (In Persian)
15- Bruce, R.C. and Rayment, G.E. 1982. Analaytical methods and interpretations used by the agricultural chemistry branch for soil and land use survey. Queenland Department of Primary Indusrial. Bulletin QB8 (2004), Indooroopilly, Queenland.
16- Karimian, N. 2012. Assessment of chemical fertilizer in Iran; An overview and new approaches. Iranian Journal of Soil Research, 4 (25): 265-278. (In Persian)
17- Momeni, A., Rasoil. M., Baybordi, M. and Malakuti, M.J. 2005. Proper application of chemical fertilizers. Soils of Iran; new approaches on management and utility. In: Banaee, M.H., Momeni, A., Baybordi, M. and Malakuti, M.J. (Edi.), Soil and Water Research Institue Pres. Tehran (In Persian)
18- Keshavarz, P., Malakuti, M.J. and Homaee, M. 2005. Soil salinity management. Soils of Iran; new approaches on management and utility. In: Banaee, M.H., Momeni, A., Baybordi, M. and Malakuti, M.J. (Edi.), Soil and Water Research Institue Pres. Tehran (In Persian)
