Accumulation of lead and zinc concentrations in harmal plant and its effect on plant growth
Subject Areas :
Heavy metal
Kobra Mahdavian
1
(Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.* (Corresponding Author))
Received: 2020-06-29
Accepted : 2021-06-28
Published : 2023-03-21
Keywords:
growth parameters,
Lead and Zinc accumulation,
Harmal,
Abstract :
AbstractBackground and Objectives: Toxic amounts of lead in the environment of plants cause physiological changes and can decrease the growth potential of the plant and in a more severe manner cause the plant to die. Zinc is also an essential nutrient for plants, but excessive accumulation of zinc in plant tissues can alter plant growth stages. In such conditions, susceptible plants are damaged and killed while resistant plants continue to grow and reproduce in these conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of high concentrations of Pb and Zn on growth, amount of chlorophyll and carotenoid, accumulation and tolerance parameters of harmal.
Material and Methodology: Harmal plants were treated with concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/l for 14 days and concentrations of 0, 1, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 mg/l Zn.
Findings: The results showed that increasing lead and zinc concentration decreased shoot length, root length, shoot dry weight and root but increased lead and zinc accumulation in shoot and root. Chlorophyll a, b, total and carotenoid contents also decreased significantly under different concentrations of Pb and Zn compared to the control.
Discussion and Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded from this study that harmal has high ability to accumulate and tolerate lead and zinc and can be used for phytoremediation of lead and zinc.
References:
Cheraghi, M., Bigmohammadi, Z., and Shayesteh, K. 2013. Concentration of lead and zinc in greenhouse cucumbers of Hamadan province in 2012, Quarterly Scientific - Research Journal Food Hygiene 3(2): 53. (In Persian)
Malekmohammadi, S., Behbahaninia, A., and Farahani, M. 2019. Survey of Lead and Zink Pollution in Surface Soils around the Shokouhieh Industrial Estate. Human & Environment 17(4): 13-24. (In Persian)
Baker, A. J. M. 1981. Accumulators and excluders - strategies in the response of plants to heavy metals. Journal of Plant Nutrition 3: 643-654.
Van der Ent, A., Baker, A. J. M., Reeves, R. D., Pollard, A. J., and Schat, H. 2013. Hyperaccumulators of metal and metalloid elements: facts and fiction. Plant and Soil 362: 319-334.
Krämer, U. 2010. Metal hyperaccumulation in plants. Annual Review of Plant Biology 61: 517-534.
Rotkittikhun, P., Kruatrachue, M., Chaiyarat, R., Ngernsansaruay, C., Pokethitiyook, P., Paijitprapaporn, A., and Baker, A. J. M. 2006. Uptake and accumulation of lead by plants from the Bo Ngam lead mine area in Thailand. Environmental Pollution 144: 681-688.
Bert, V., Bonnin, I., Saumitou-Laprade, P., Laguerie, P., and Petit, D. 2002. Do Arabidopsis halleri from non metallicalous populations accumulate zinc and cadmium more effectively than those from metallicolous populations? New Phytologist 155: 47-57.
Kopittke, P. M., Asher, C. J., Kopittke, R. A, and Menzies, N. W. 2008. Prediction of Pb speciation in concentrated and dilute nutrient solutions. Environmental Pollution 153(3): 548-554.
Gupta, D. K., Nicoloso, F. T., Schetinger, M. R. C., and Rossato, L. V. 2009. Antioxidant defense mechanism in hydroponically grown Zea mays seedlings under moderate lead stress. Journal of Hazardous Materials 172(1): 479-484.
Powell, M. J., Davies, M. S., and Francis, D. 1986. The influence of zinc on the cell cycle in the root meristem of a zinc-tolerant and a non-tolerant cultivar of Festuca rubra L. New Phytologist 102: 419-428.
Jashankar, M., Tseten, T., Anbalagan, N., Mathew, B. B., and Beeregowda, K. N. 2014. Toxicity, mechanism and health effects of some heavy metals. Interdiscip Toxicology 7(2): 60-72.
Kumar, A., Narasimha, M., and Prasad, V. 2018. Plant lead intractions: Transport, toxicity, tolerance, and detoxification mechanisms. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 166: 401-418.
Cheraghi-Niromand, M., Farzaei, M. H., and Amin, G. 2015. Medicinal properties of Peganum harmala L. in traditional Iranian medicine and modern phytotherapy: a review. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 35 (1): 104-109.
Mahdavian, K., Ghaderian, S. M., and Schat, H. 2016. Pb accumulation, Pb tolerance, antioxidants, thiols, and organic acids in metallicolous and non-metallicolous Peganum harmala L. under Pb exposure. Environmental and Experimental Botany 126: 21-31.
Reeves, R. D., Baker, A. J. M., Borhidi, A., and Berazain, R. 1999. Nickel hyperaccumulation in the serpentine flora of Cuba. Annals of Botany 83: 29-38.
Lichtenthaler, H. K. 1987. Chlorophylls and carotenoids: Pigments of photosynthetic biomembranes. In: Methods in Enzymology, eds. L. Packer, and R. Douce. New York: Academic Press 350–382.
Yang, Y., Jung, J., Song, W., Sun, H., and Lee, Y. 2000. Identification of rice varieties with high tolerance or sensivity to lead and characterization of the mechanism of tolerance. Plant Physiology 124: 1019-1026.
Ullah, A., Farooq, M., Hussain, M., Ahmad, R., and Wakeel, A. 2019. Zinc seed coating improves emergence and seedling growth in Desi and Kabuli chickpea types but shows toxicity at higher concentration. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 21 (3): 553-559.
Jain, R., Srivastava, S., Solomon, S., Shrivastava, A. K., and Chandra, A. 2010. Impact of excess zinc on growth parameters, cell division, nutrient accumulation, photosynthetic pigments and oxidative stress of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.). Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 32(5): 979–98.
Alloway, B. J. 2004. Zinc in soils and crop nutrition. Review in: International Zinc Association pp. 128.
Liu, D., Chen, J., Li, S., Wu, J., Ye, Z., Peng, D., Yan, W., and Lu, K. 2014. Effect of Zn toxicity on root morphology, ultrastructure, and the ability to accumulate Zn in Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens). Environmental Science and Pollution Research 21: 13615–13624.
Bech, J., Roca, N., Barceló, J., Duran, P., Tume, P., and Poschenrieder, C. 2012. Soil and plant contamination by lead mining in Bellmunt (Western Mediterranean Area). Journal of Geochemical Exploration 113: 94–99.
Liu, T., Liu, S., Guan, H., Ma, L., Chen, Z., and Gu, H. 2009. Transcriptional profiling of Arabidopsis seedlings in response to heavy metal lead (Pb). Environmental and Experimental Botany 67(2): 377–386.
Cheng, S. 2003. Effect of heavy metals on plants and resistance mechanisms. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 10 (4): 256-264.
Patra, M., Bhowmik, N., Bandopadhyay, B., and Sharma, A. 2004. Comparison of mercury, lead and arsenic with respect to genotoxic effects on plant systems and the development of genetic tolerance. Environmental and Experimental Botany 52(3): 199-223.
Aldoobie, N. F., and Beltagi, M. S. 2013. Physiological, biochemical and molecular responses of common bean (phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants to heavy metals stress. African Journal of Biotechnology 12 (29): 4614-4622.
Shu, X., Yin, L. Y., Zhang, Q. F., Wang, W. B. 2012. Effect of Pb toxicity on leaf growth, antioxidant enzyme activities, and photosynthesis in cuttings and seedlings of Jatropha curcas L. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 19: 893–902.
Beale, S. I. 1999. Enzymes of chlorophyll biosynthesis. Photosynthesis. Research 60: 43-73.
Prasad, M. N. V. 1997. Trace metals. In: Prasad M. N. V. (Ed) Plant Ecophysiology. Wiley, New York, pp 207-249.
Cherif, J., Najoua Derbel, N., Nakkach, M., Bergmann, H., Jemal, F., and Lakhdar, Z. 2010. Analysis of in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence spectra to monitor physiological state of tomato plants growing under zinc stress. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 101: 332–339.
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Cheraghi, M., Bigmohammadi, Z., and Shayesteh, K. 2013. Concentration of lead and zinc in greenhouse cucumbers of Hamadan province in 2012, Quarterly Scientific - Research Journal Food Hygiene 3(2): 53. (In Persian)
Malekmohammadi, S., Behbahaninia, A., and Farahani, M. 2019. Survey of Lead and Zink Pollution in Surface Soils around the Shokouhieh Industrial Estate. Human & Environment 17(4): 13-24. (In Persian)
Baker, A. J. M. 1981. Accumulators and excluders - strategies in the response of plants to heavy metals. Journal of Plant Nutrition 3: 643-654.
Van der Ent, A., Baker, A. J. M., Reeves, R. D., Pollard, A. J., and Schat, H. 2013. Hyperaccumulators of metal and metalloid elements: facts and fiction. Plant and Soil 362: 319-334.
Krämer, U. 2010. Metal hyperaccumulation in plants. Annual Review of Plant Biology 61: 517-534.
Rotkittikhun, P., Kruatrachue, M., Chaiyarat, R., Ngernsansaruay, C., Pokethitiyook, P., Paijitprapaporn, A., and Baker, A. J. M. 2006. Uptake and accumulation of lead by plants from the Bo Ngam lead mine area in Thailand. Environmental Pollution 144: 681-688.
Bert, V., Bonnin, I., Saumitou-Laprade, P., Laguerie, P., and Petit, D. 2002. Do Arabidopsis halleri from non metallicalous populations accumulate zinc and cadmium more effectively than those from metallicolous populations? New Phytologist 155: 47-57.
Kopittke, P. M., Asher, C. J., Kopittke, R. A, and Menzies, N. W. 2008. Prediction of Pb speciation in concentrated and dilute nutrient solutions. Environmental Pollution 153(3): 548-554.
Gupta, D. K., Nicoloso, F. T., Schetinger, M. R. C., and Rossato, L. V. 2009. Antioxidant defense mechanism in hydroponically grown Zea mays seedlings under moderate lead stress. Journal of Hazardous Materials 172(1): 479-484.
Powell, M. J., Davies, M. S., and Francis, D. 1986. The influence of zinc on the cell cycle in the root meristem of a zinc-tolerant and a non-tolerant cultivar of Festuca rubra L. New Phytologist 102: 419-428.
Jashankar, M., Tseten, T., Anbalagan, N., Mathew, B. B., and Beeregowda, K. N. 2014. Toxicity, mechanism and health effects of some heavy metals. Interdiscip Toxicology 7(2): 60-72.
Kumar, A., Narasimha, M., and Prasad, V. 2018. Plant lead intractions: Transport, toxicity, tolerance, and detoxification mechanisms. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 166: 401-418.
Cheraghi-Niromand, M., Farzaei, M. H., and Amin, G. 2015. Medicinal properties of Peganum harmala L. in traditional Iranian medicine and modern phytotherapy: a review. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 35 (1): 104-109.
Mahdavian, K., Ghaderian, S. M., and Schat, H. 2016. Pb accumulation, Pb tolerance, antioxidants, thiols, and organic acids in metallicolous and non-metallicolous Peganum harmala L. under Pb exposure. Environmental and Experimental Botany 126: 21-31.
Reeves, R. D., Baker, A. J. M., Borhidi, A., and Berazain, R. 1999. Nickel hyperaccumulation in the serpentine flora of Cuba. Annals of Botany 83: 29-38.
Lichtenthaler, H. K. 1987. Chlorophylls and carotenoids: Pigments of photosynthetic biomembranes. In: Methods in Enzymology, eds. L. Packer, and R. Douce. New York: Academic Press 350–382.
Yang, Y., Jung, J., Song, W., Sun, H., and Lee, Y. 2000. Identification of rice varieties with high tolerance or sensivity to lead and characterization of the mechanism of tolerance. Plant Physiology 124: 1019-1026.
Ullah, A., Farooq, M., Hussain, M., Ahmad, R., and Wakeel, A. 2019. Zinc seed coating improves emergence and seedling growth in Desi and Kabuli chickpea types but shows toxicity at higher concentration. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 21 (3): 553-559.
Jain, R., Srivastava, S., Solomon, S., Shrivastava, A. K., and Chandra, A. 2010. Impact of excess zinc on growth parameters, cell division, nutrient accumulation, photosynthetic pigments and oxidative stress of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.). Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 32(5): 979–98.
Alloway, B. J. 2004. Zinc in soils and crop nutrition. Review in: International Zinc Association pp. 128.
Liu, D., Chen, J., Li, S., Wu, J., Ye, Z., Peng, D., Yan, W., and Lu, K. 2014. Effect of Zn toxicity on root morphology, ultrastructure, and the ability to accumulate Zn in Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens). Environmental Science and Pollution Research 21: 13615–13624.
Bech, J., Roca, N., Barceló, J., Duran, P., Tume, P., and Poschenrieder, C. 2012. Soil and plant contamination by lead mining in Bellmunt (Western Mediterranean Area). Journal of Geochemical Exploration 113: 94–99.
Liu, T., Liu, S., Guan, H., Ma, L., Chen, Z., and Gu, H. 2009. Transcriptional profiling of Arabidopsis seedlings in response to heavy metal lead (Pb). Environmental and Experimental Botany 67(2): 377–386.
Cheng, S. 2003. Effect of heavy metals on plants and resistance mechanisms. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 10 (4): 256-264.
Patra, M., Bhowmik, N., Bandopadhyay, B., and Sharma, A. 2004. Comparison of mercury, lead and arsenic with respect to genotoxic effects on plant systems and the development of genetic tolerance. Environmental and Experimental Botany 52(3): 199-223.
Aldoobie, N. F., and Beltagi, M. S. 2013. Physiological, biochemical and molecular responses of common bean (phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants to heavy metals stress. African Journal of Biotechnology 12 (29): 4614-4622.
Shu, X., Yin, L. Y., Zhang, Q. F., Wang, W. B. 2012. Effect of Pb toxicity on leaf growth, antioxidant enzyme activities, and photosynthesis in cuttings and seedlings of Jatropha curcas L. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 19: 893–902.
Beale, S. I. 1999. Enzymes of chlorophyll biosynthesis. Photosynthesis. Research 60: 43-73.
Prasad, M. N. V. 1997. Trace metals. In: Prasad M. N. V. (Ed) Plant Ecophysiology. Wiley, New York, pp 207-249.
Cherif, J., Najoua Derbel, N., Nakkach, M., Bergmann, H., Jemal, F., and Lakhdar, Z. 2010. Analysis of in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence spectra to monitor physiological state of tomato plants growing under zinc stress. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 101: 332–339.
