APPLICATION OF ECOLOGICAL INDEX FOR EVALUATING OF ENVIRONMENT NUISANCE AND RARITY OF ENERGY AND RAW MATERIALS

Subject Areas : Water and Environment

Mojtaba S.Rahbar ¹ (Chem. Eng. department, Engineering faculty, Imam Hussein University)
Shaham Anoosheh ² (Chem. Eng. department, Engineering faculty, Imam Hussein University)

Received: 2010-04-05 Accepted : 2010-11-21 Published : 2010-12-22

Keywords: nuisance, rarity, raw materials, Energy, rate of ecological saturation,

Abstract :

The interactions of any industrial process with its environment, are located either upstream due to the rarity of natural resources, or downstream due to the rejection of noxious byproducts. In this paper, the indexes were presented for illustration of environment nuisance as rate of ecological saturation, ecological points and factors. The anaysis results for different discharges of many industrial plants into environment show that rate or ecological saturation is more than one which demonstrates environment pollution by them. As an example, the inventory of the air, water and rejected solids pollutions during the production of one kilogramme of steel was presented Also, the rarity of raw materials and fossil energy reserves were shown by the relative indexes (criterion). Analysis of data shows that if the price of oil (or natural gas) increases, its exploitation can inerese and consequently, prevents the rarity of energy which depends on world economic condition and technology progress

References:

[1] Schlauer J., Ullmann's encyclopedia of industrial chemistry, 6^th ed., vol. 1, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 2003.

[2] Crocker B. B., Kirk-Othmer encyclopedia of chemical technology; Air pollution control, vol. 1, 5^th ed., John Wiley, New York, 2004.

 [3] Gaivao A., Jaumotte A. L., Evalution èconomique de la pollution de l`environment par une activité industrielle. Application aux centrals èlectriques, Entropie, No. 121, pp. 5-11, 1985.

[4] Malkin D., Sarbib J. L., Les matierès premières minerals: perspectives mondiales et politiques d`approvisionnement, Etude de politique industrielle, Documentation Français, Paris, 1975.

‍‍[5] سمنانی‌رهبر م. " تحلیل فرآیندها با استفاده از مفهوم اگزرژی "، مجله مهندسی شیمی ایران، شماره 8، 1382.

[6] Akpinar K. E., Hepbasli A., "A comparative study on exergetic assessment of  two ground-source (geothermal) heat Pump systems for residential applications", Building and Environment, Vol. 42, pp. 2004-2013, 2007.

[7] Gong G., Zeng W., Chang S., He J., Li K., "Scheme-selection optimization of cooling and heating sources based on exergy analysis", Applied Thermal Engineering , Vol. 27 , PP. 942-950, 2007.

[8] Legoff P., Hornut M. J., Exergy analysis and exergo-economic optimization of industrial processes, Revue de l`institute français de petrole, vol. 53, no. 1, 1998.

[9] McKetta J., Encyclopedia of chemical processing and design, Marcel dekker, Vol. 31, pp. 183-188, 1990.

[10] Frangopoulos C. A., Von Spakovsky M. R., Global environmic approach for energy systems analysis and optimization. Part 1 and 2, Energy system and ecology, Poland, July 5-9, 1993.

[11] Lyons C. W., Plisga J. G., Standard handbook of Petroleum & natural gas engineering, 2^nd ed., Gulf professional publishing, Massachusset, 2005.

[12] Bradley B. M., Petroleum engineering handbook, 3^rd ed., Society of Petroleum engineers, Texas, 2001.