A Study on the Meanings of the Palace in the Hidden Layers of Hafez and Sanai Ghaznavi’s Words

Subject Areas : شعر

Roqiyeh Shafi’ Zadeh ¹ (PhD Candidate, Persian Language & Literature, Islamic Azad University, Sarab Branch)
Saeed Farzaneh Fard ² (Assistant Professor, Persian Language & Literature, Islamic Azad University, Sarab Branch)
Hossein Novin ³ (Associate Professor, Persian Language & Literature, Ardebili University, Ardebil)

Received: 2021-04-10 Accepted : 2021-06-09 Published : 2021-09-23

Keywords: Hafez Shirazi, science of expression, palace, Sanaei,

Abstract :

Poetry has beauties whose recognition of which deals with several topics. Discovering the outermost layer of poetry is related to the words of the couplet which is related to rhetoric science. After this layer is the expression science; but the hidden beauty that requires enough attention and concentration to find is the one related to rhetoric and knowledge of meanings and plays an effective role in the artistic creation and poetry beauty. One of the most important tasks of rhetoric, especially semantics, is to help human in the accurate transmission of his inner thoughts and feelings. Hafez is one of the powerful poets of the eighth century who has a powerful language and is influential and skilled in applying the techniques of the meanings of poetry. In this article the meanings of the palace in the Hafez Shirazi and Sanai Ghaznavi’s odes have been studied and the method is librarian. The results of the research show that Hafez’s art in applying such meanings penetrates the framework of sentences in a way that it cannot be easily obtained in the superstructure.

References:

التفتازانی، سعدالدّین. 1411ق، مختصر المعانی، چاپ اول، قم: دار الفکر.

دهخدا، علی اکبر. 1377ش، لغتنامه، تهران: مؤسسه انتشارات و چاپ دانشگاه تهران.

رجایی، محمدخلیل. 1353ش، معالم البلاغة(معانی، بیان و بدیع)، چاپ دوم، شیراز: دانشگاه شیراز.

زرین­کوب، عبدالحسین. 1373ش، نقد ادبی، تهران: امیرکبیر.

سنایی، مجدود بن آدم. 1387ش، دیوان اشعار، مقدمه، تصحیح و شرح محمد بقائی(ماکان)، تهران: اقبال.

شمیسا، سیروس. 1379ش، معانی، تهران: میترا.

شمیسا، سیروس. 1383ش، بیان و معانی، چاپ هشتم، تهران: فردوس.

عرفان، حسن. 1388ش، ترجمه و شرح جواهر البلاغه، چاپ دهم، قم: بلاغت.

کزازی، میرجلال الدین. 1370ش، زیبایی شناسی سخن پارسی، تهران: مرکز.

مشکوة الدّینی، مهدی. 1377ش، ساخت آوایی زبان، چاپ چهارم، مشهد: فردوس.

ناتل خانلری، پرویز. 1369ش، تاریخ زبان فارسی، چاپ چهارم، تهران: فرهنگ نشر نو.

نصیریان، یدالله. 1378ش، علوم بلاغت و اعجاز قرآن، چاپ سوم، تهران: سمت.

 

مقالات و پایان‌نامه‌ها

احمدی، لیلا. 1391ش، «ایجاز در شعر حافظ»، پایان­نامه کارشناسی ارشد، همدان: دانشگاه ابوعلی سینا.

جمالی، فاطمه. 1389ش، «جایگاه قصر و حصر در علم معانی»، مجله فنون ادبی، سال دوم، شماره2، (پیاپی3)، پاییز و زمستان.

کیان‌مهر، سمیه. 1388ش، «بررسی معانی ثانویه جملات در 200 غزل دیوان حافظ»، پایان‌نامه کارشناسی ارشد، تبریز: دانشگاه پیام نور.

 

Al-Taftazani, Saadoddin. 1411, Mukhtasar Al-Maani, 1^st edition, Qom: Dar Al-Fikr.

Dehkhoda, Ali Akbar. 1998, Dictionary, Tehran: Institute of Publishing and Printing, University of Tehran.

Rajai, Muhammad Khalil. 1353, Maalim al-Balaghah (meanings, expression and rhetoric), 2^nd Edition, Shiraz: Shiraz University

Zarrin Koob, Abdol Hossein, 1994, Literary Criticism, Tehran: Amirkabir.

Sanai, Majdood Ibn Adam. 2008, Diwan of Poetry, Introduction, correction and explanation by Mohammad Baghaei (Makan), Tehran: Eqbal.

Shamisa, Sirus. 2000, Maani, Tehran: Mitra.

Shamisa, Sirus. 2004, Expression and Meanings, 8^th Edition, Tehran: Ferdows.

Erfan, Hassan 1388, translation and explanation of the Jawaher Al Balaqeh, 10^th edition, Qom: Belaqat Press.

Kazazi, Mir Jalaleddin 1991, Persian Aesthetics, Tehran: Markaz Press

Meshkatoddini, Mahdi, 1998, Phonetic language production, 4^th edition, Mashhad: Ferdows.

Natel Khanlari, Parviz. 1990, History of Persian Language, 4^th Edition, Tehran: Farhang Nashr-e No

Nasirian, Yadollah 1999, Quranic Rhetoric and Miracle of Quran, 3^rd Edition, Tehran: Samt Press

 

Articles and Theses

Ahmadi, Leila 2012, "Briefness in Hafez's Poetry", Master Thesis, Hamedan: Abu Ali Sina University.

Jamali, Fatemh, 2010, "The place of palace and confinement in the science of meanings", Journal of Literary Technologies, second year, number 2, fall and winter.

Kianmehr, Somayeh. 1388, "Study of secondary meanings of sentences in 200 lyric poems of Diwan of Hafez ", Master Thesis, Tabriz: Payam – e Noor University.