The Study of Bakhtin's Carnival Motifs in the Poetry of Hafez
Subject Areas : Persian language and literature texts
Azar Daneshgar
1
(استادیار گروه زبان وادبیات فارسی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحدکرج،کرج،ایران)
Keywords: حافظ, طنز, اعتراض, Hafez, Bakhtin, باختین, protest, Satire, کارناوال گرایی, گروتسک(تلخ خند), دیوانه نمایی, Carnivalesque, grotesque, mad-mannered,
Abstract :
Carnivals are public folk feasts in which social classes are inverted. Clowns become kings; fools become sages; and saints are ridiculed. Thus, relativity of all claims is demonstrated through humor. It was Mikhail Bakhtin, the great twentieth century critic, who introduced the theory of Carnivalesque, which is a subcategory of folklore and satire, into literature. With the assumption that a new reading of Hafiz based on Carnivalesque in literature is possible, in this research, the researcher seeks to identify the elements of carnival including: philosophical content, secularism, the presence of a character pretending to be mad, reaching a utopian domain and also grotesque in the poetry of Hafez. Then, using an analytic approach and after explaining Bakhtin’s theory of Carnivalesque and its four categories, the instances of the motifs in the poetry of Hafez are explored and discussed.
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