Initiation and Termination in Persian Versifications
Subject Areas : Persian language and literature textsAssad SafariBand pay 1 , Mohammad Sadeghi 2
1 - Assistant Professor of Persian Language and Literature, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon Branch
2 - Assistant Professor of Persian Language and Literature, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr Branch
Keywords: منقبت, Termination, تحمید, نعت, مناجات, مدیحه, براعت استهلال, اختتام, hymn, encomium, panegyric, supplication, dithyramb, amblysia,
Abstract :
Since the early Dari Persian literature emerged writing a preliminary part for a literary work in prose or verse became popular. The terms “preface” (dibache negari) and “prelude” (aghaz bandi) have been used synonymously and respectively in outstanding works of Persian prose and verse, though in verse works writing a prelude has been more common than in prose works. It is also true about writing a finale or “epilogue” for an epopee. The art of composing a prelude and epilogue could be counted in the literary and rhetorical techniques row. This is in a way a literary device that adds to the eloquence and decorum of the works of literati, both in verse and prose. Intellectual, philosophical, religious and ideological points of view of the literary composers can be traced in their introductions to their works, and so can lead to discover the secrets of their thoughts. This study deals with the analysis of initiation and termination of poems and versifications in Persian literature masterpieces. Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh is the first work to include a prelude, and then Sanāʾi applies it in a broader sense in his Hadiqat al-Haqiqat, so that the followers of Sanāʾi’s literary style continue his convention of writing preludes and epilogues in their mystic or lyric poems through the reign of Qajars. Nevertheless, there are some rare works with no prelude or epilogue, the most noteworthy of which is Rumi’s Mathnavi.
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