The Effectiveness of Neurofeedback Therapy on the Performance of Primary School Students with Learning Disability within Wechsler Intelligent Test for children
Subject Areas : Educational
maryam azadi
1
(کارشناس ارشد روانشناسی دانشگاه آزاد اراک، ایران)
davood taghvayi
2
(عضو هیأت علمی دانشگاه آزاد اراک، ایران)
shima chehreyi
3
(عضو هیأت علمی دانشگاه آزاد اراک، ایران)
Keywords: Wechsler Intelligence Test for Children, neurofeedback, learning disability, Elementary School Students,
Abstract :
The purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of neurofeedback therapy on the performance of the elementary school students with learning disabilities within Wechsler Intelligence Test for Children. This research was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design. The statistical population was all the students with learning disability studying in the first to fifth grade of primary schools and referred to counseling and treatment centers in Isfahan in 2014. Among them,15 students were selected through available sampling method. To collect data, the neurofeedback device and Wechsler Intelligence Test For Children (Form 4) were used. Students received 20 sessions of 45-minute neurofeedback treatment for 7-10 weeks. They responded to Wechsler Intelligent Test for children before and after the treatment as pre-test and post-test. The data were analyzed by dependent t-test. The results suggested that there was a significant relationship between the pre-test and post-test scores obtained from all the scales (P<0.05). Therefore it can be concluded that the neurofeedback therapy was effective in improving the performance of children with learning disability in Wechsler Intelligent Test for children.
American Psychiatric Association (APA). (2013) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5thed). Arling, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.
Arns ,M.,Ridder,S.,& Strehl,U.(2009). Efficacy of Neurofeedback treatment in ADHD: The effects on Inattention, Impulsivity and Hyperactivity: A meta- analysis. clinical EEG Neuroscience, 40(3), 180ـ189.
Barbaresi, W.J., Katusic, S.K., Colligan, R.C., Weaver, A.L. & Jacobsen, S.J. (2005). Math lerning disorder: Incidence in a population–based birth cohort,1976–82,Minn. Ambulatory pediatrics, 5(5), 281ـ289.
Becerra, J.T., Fernandez, T., & Harmony, M. (200G) Follow–up study of Lerning Disabledchildren Treated With Neurofeedback or placebo. Clinical EEG and Neuroscienc ,37(3), 198ـ204.
Brandeis, D. (2011). Neurofeedback training in ADHD: More news on specificity. Clinical Neurophysiolog, 122(3), 856ـ857.
Chabot, RJ., Michele, F., John, E.R. (2001) .the clinical role of computerized EEG in the evalution and treatment of Lerning and attention disorders in children and adolescents. Neuropsychiatry clin Neurosci Y 13:171ـ186.
Coben, R,. Liinden, M., & Myers, T. (2010). Neurofeedback for Autistic spectram Disorder: A Review of the Literature. Psychophysiol Biofeedback, 35(7), 83ـ105.
Coben, R., & Padolsky, I. (2007). Assessment –Guided Neurofeedback for Autistic spectrum Disorder. Jornal of Neuro therapy, 11(1), 5ـ22.
Demos, J.(2005).Getting started eith NNeurofeedback. Printed in the United states of America Frist Edition.
Dowker, A. (2005). Individual differences in arithmetic: Implication for psychology, neuroscience and education. Hove,United kingdom: psycology Press.
Fauzan, N., & nazaraddin, M. (2012). Neurofeedback training to improve neuronal regulation in ADD:A case report. social and Behavioral sciences, 33(9), 339ـ402.
Fein ,G., Galin, D, & John stone, J.(1983). EEG power spectra in normal and dyslexic children Reliability during passive conditions. Neurophysiol clin, 55(7). 399ـ405.
Fox, D., Tharp, D., & Fox, L. (2005). Neurofeedback: An Altemative and Efficious TTreatment for Attention Defict Hyperactivity Disorder. Applied psychophysiology and Biofeedback, 30(4), 365ـ373.
Fernandez, T., Herrcra, W., Harmony, T., Diaz–Comas, L., Santiago, E., sanchez, etal. (2003). EEG and behavioral changes following neurofeedback treatment. inleaming disabled clin Electroencephalog; 34: 145ـ152.
Fernandez, T., Garcia, F., Prado Alcala, R.A., Santiago, E., Fernandez Bouzas , E., Harmony, T., Diaz comas, L., Belmont, H. (2008). Positive VS. Negative reinforcement in neurofeedback applied to lerning disabled children clinical Neurophysiology . Volume 119, Issue 9, PPage e 163.
Fernanedez ,T., Harmony ,T., Fernanedez - Bouzas ,A; Diaz-Comas , L; Prado - Alcala, R.A., Valdes– Sosa, P., Otero, G., Bosch, J., Glan, L., Santiago– Rodriguez Aubert, E., Garcia – Martinez, F. (2007) . changes in EEEG current sources Induced by Neurofeedback in Lerning Disabled children An Exploratory study. App 1 psycophysio 1 Biofeedback, 32: 169ـ183.
French ,N., & Picket, A.L (1997). Paraprofessionals in special education: Issues for teacher educations. Teacher Education and special Ediucation, 20(1), 61ـ730
Fuchs, T., Birbaumer, N., Lutzenberger, W., Gruzelier, L.H. & Kaiser, J. (2003). Neurofeedback treatment for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children: A comparision with methy 1 phenidate: Applied paychophysiology and Bioeedback, 28(1), 1ـ12.
Gasser T, Rousson V, Scheiter Gasser U.(2003) . EEG power and coherence in Children with educational problems. clin Neurophysio 1; 20:273ـ282.
Haddadi, P., Haghshenas, S. ,& Rostami, R. (2011). Rehabilitation in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): a mixture of neurofeedback training and Auditory Integration Training (AIT) . Social and Behavioral sciences, 30(9). 611ـ614.
Hammond, D. (2011). whatis is neurofeedback: an update. Journal of Neurotherapy, 15(7). 305ـ336.
Harmony, T., Hinojosa, G., Marosi, E., Becker, J., Rodn guze, M., Fernandez , T., etal. (1990). correlation between EEG spectral parameters and an educational evalution International. Jornan of Neuroscience, 54, 147–155.
Harmony, T., Marosi, E., Piaz deleon, A.E., Becher, J., & Fernandez, T., (1990) Effect of sex, psychosoeial disadvantages and biologicalrisk factors on EEG maturation. Electroen cephalography and children Neurophysiology, 75, 482ـ491.
John, E., Ahn, H., & Prichep, L. (1981) . Neurometic evalution of EEG in normal, Lerning disabled and neurologically \"atـrisk\" children. In \"Recent Advances\" in EEG and EMG data processing, 16(3), 163ـ177.
John, E., Karmel, B., & Prichep, L. (1977). Neurometrics applied to the guantitative electrophysiological measurement of organics brain dysfunction in children. Psychopatology and Brain Dysfunction, 14(7), 291ـ337.
John, E., Prichep, L., & Ahn, H. (1988). Neurometric Evaluation of Brain Function in Normal and Lerning Disabled children university of Michigan press.
John, ER., Prichep, L., Ahn, H., Easton, P., Friedman, J., & Kaye, H. (1983). Neurometric evaluation of cognitive dysfunctions and neurological disorders in children .Progress in Neurobiology, 21, 239ـ290.
John, K.H., & Bende, W.N .(1993). Vtilization of paraprofessionals in sprcial educati: Areview of the Literature. Remedial and special Education, 14(7), 7ـ14.
Kouijzer, M., Moor, J., & Gerrits, B. (2009). Disorders Longـtermeffects of neurofeedback treatment. in autism Research in Autism spectrum, 3(1), 496ـ501.
L\'evesque, J., Beauregard, M., Mensour ,B. (2006). Effect of neurofeedback training on the neural substrates of selective attention in children with attention dificit/hyperactivity disorder: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Neuroscience Letters, 394(32), 216ـ221.
Lofthouse, N., Amold, E., & Hersch, S. (2011). A Review of Neurofeedback treatment for pediatric ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders , 3(1), 1ـ22.
Lubar, I., Swartwood, J.N., & Odonnel, P.h. (1995). Evalution of the effectiveness of EEG neurofeedback training for ADHD in a clinival setting as measured by changes in TOVA scores, behavioral rating ,and WISCـR performance. Biofeedback and self Regulation, 20(1), 83ـ99.
Morinus, H.M., Breteler, Martijn Arns. (2010). Improvments in spelling after QEEGـbased Neurofeedback in Dyslexia: A Randomaized controller Freatment study. App 1 psychophysiol Biofeedback, 35, 5-11.
Masterpasqua, F., & Healey, K. (2003). Neurofeedback in psychological practice. professional psychology. Research and practice, 34(6), 625ـ626.
Mathew, J., Fleischman, Siegfried othmer. (2005). Case study Improvments in IQ score and Maintenance of Gains following EEG Biofeedback with Mildly Developmentally Delayed Twins. Journal of Neurotherapy, Vol. 9(4).
Moradi, A., Pouladi, F., & Pishva, N., (2011). Treatment of anxiety disorder with neurofeedback: Cas study. Social and Behavioral scienes, 30(5), 103ـ107.
Othmer, Siegfried, othmer Susan & Marks, Cliffords. (1999). EEG Biofeedback training for Attention Deficit Disorder, Specific Learning Disabilities, and Associated conduct problems . Australian journal of psychology, 42. 124ـ137.
Shalev, R.S., Manor, O., & GrossـTsur, V. (2005). Developmental dyscalculia: Aprospective sixـyear followـup Developmental Medicine & child Neurology, 47(2), 121ـ125.
Sterman, B., & Enger, T. (2006). Neurofeedback treatment of epilepsy: formbasic rationale to practical application Neurotherapeutics, 6(2), 247ـ257.
Tansey, M. (1991). Wechsler changes following treatment of lerning disabilities via EEG biofeedback training in a private setting. Australian jornal of psychology, 43, 147, 143.
Thatcher, R., Mc Alaster, R,. Lester, M. (1982). Hemispheric EEG asymmetries related to cognitive functioning in children. cognitive processing in the Rigth Hemisphere.
Thompson, L. & Thomson. (1998). Neurofeedback combined with training in metacognitive strategies: Effectiveness in students with ADD. Applied Psychophysiology and Bioffedback, 23(24), 243ـ263.
Walker, J.E., & Norman, C.A. (2006).The neurophysiology of dyslexia: A selective review with implications for neurofeedback remediation and results of treatment in twelve consecutive patients. Journal of Neurotherapy, 10, 45ـ55.
