The Role of Attachment in risky behaviors of male high school adolescent students

Subject Areas : Educational

Hasan Rezaei ¹ (Young Researchers and Elite Club, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran.)
Jafar Hasani ² (Assistant Professor, Psychology Department, Kharazmi University, Tehran, iran.)
Mohamad Mohamad ³ (Educational Psychology, Islamic Azad University of Isfahan(khorasgan), Isfahan, Iran.)

Received: 2014-10-12 Accepted : 2019-01-21 Published : 2019-03-21

Keywords: attachment styles, risky behaviors, adolescent,

Abstract :

From the perspective of the evolutionary psychology, the range of adolescents, the period of the review of psychological symptoms can be considered.The aim of this study was to investigate the role of attachment styles in adolescent’s risky behaviors.The statistical population of the study was 2570 male high school students in Najaf Abad city (Isfahan) in the academic year of 2012-2013. A multi-stage random cluster sampling method was used to select 247 of them. Measuring tool included scale attachment styles (Collins & Read, 1990) and Iranian Adolescent Risky Behavior Scale (Zade Mohammadi & et al, 2012). The results of stepwise multi-variable regression analysis indicated that Safe attachment style of hazardous driving components, violence, smoking, and alcohol use high risk behaviors with 4, 6, 8, and 11 percent of their variance, respectively, and negatively predicted respectively. The avoidant attachment style predicted components of drug use and friendship with the opposite sex by explaining 13 and 8 percent of their variance and ambivalent attachment style, predicting the components of friendship with the opposite sex and sexual relationship and sexuality by explaining 6 and 5 percent of their variance.These results indicate that attachment styles play an important role in the tendency and prevention of risky behavior in the students and young adults.

References:

 پاکدامن، ش. (1380). بررسی ارتباط بین دلبستگی و جامعه‌طلبی در نوجوانی. رساله دکتری روان‌شناسی، دانشکده روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه تهران.

خستو، گ. (1381). پیشگیری از سوءمصرف مواد و وابستگی با رویکرد اجتماع‌مدار. فصلنامه علمی پژوهشی رفاه اجتماعی. 2(6)، 262-235.

دلاور، ع. (1394). روش تحقیق در روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی (ویراست چهارم). انتشارات ویرایش، ص 96.

زاده‌محمدی، ع.، احمدآبادی، ز.، حیدری، م. (1390). تدوین و بررسی ویژگی‌های روان‌سنجی مقیاس خطرپذیری نوجوانان ایرانی. مجلة روان‌پزشکی و روان‌شناسی بالینی ایران. 17(3)، 225-218.

Ahrens, K. R., Ciechanowski, P., & Katon, W. (2012). Association’s betweenadult attachment style and health risk behaviors in an adultfemale primary care population. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 72, 364–370.

Ainsworth, M., Blehar, M., Waters, E., & Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation.Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Bahr, S, J., Suzanne, L., Anastasios, C., Bingdao, L. Family. (1998). religiosity and the risk of adolescent drug use. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 6, 979-992.

Bar-On, R. (2006).Th e Bar-On model of emotional-social intelligence (ESI).Psicothema, 18(l), 13-25.

Bartholomew, K., & Horowitz, L. (1991). Attachment styles among young adults: A test of a four category model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 226-241.

Bergman, M. M., & Scott. (2001). Young adloescents well-being and health-risk behaviors: Gender and socionomic difference. Journal of Adolescents, 24, 183197.

Berry K, Barrowclough C, Wearden A. (2007). A review of the role of adult attachment style inpsychosis: Unexplored issues and questions for further research. ClinPsychol Rev, 27(4), 458-75.

Bowlby, J. (1988). A secure base: parent–child attachment and healthy human development. New York, NY US: Basic Books.

                                

                                    

1.       Lindberg, Boggest & Williams

       

 

 

Boyer, T. W. (2006). The development of risk-taking: Amultiperspective review. Dev Rev, 26, 291-345.

Brook, J. S., Brook, D. W., Gordon, A. S., Whiteman, M., & Chen, P. (1990). The psychosocial etiology of adolescent drug use: A family interactional approach. Genetic, Social and General Psychology Monographs, 116 (2), 111-267.

Carlston, E. A., & Sroufe, L. A. (1995). Contribution of attachmenttheory to development. New York: Wiley.

Carnes, P., & Adams, K. M. (1998). Clinical management ofsex addiction. London: Routledge.

Caspers, K. M., Cadoret, R. J., Langbehn, D., Yucuis, R., & Troutman, B. (2005). Contributions of attachmentstyle and perceived social support to lifetime use of illicit substances. Addict Behav, 30, 1007–1017.

Cassidy. J., & Shaver. P. R. (2008). Handbook of attachment: Theory, research and clinical applications. NewYork, London: Guilford, 101-200.

Ciesla, J. A., Roberts, J. E., Hewitt, R. G. (2004). Adult attachment and high-risk sexual behavioramong HIV-positive patients. J ApplSocPsychol, 34:108–24.

 Collins, V. L., & Read, S. J. (1990). Adult attachment؛Working models relationship quality in dating couples. Journal of personality and social psychology, 58(4), 644-663.

Cooper, M. L., Shaver, P. R., & Colins V. L. (1998). Attachment styles, emotionregulation, and adjustment in adolescence. Journal of Personality and SocialPsychology, 74(5), 1380-1397.

Corte, C. M., & Sommers, M. S. (2005). Alcohol and Risky Behaviors. Annual Review of Nursing Research, 23, 327-360.

DiTommaso, E., Brannen-McNulty, C., Ross, L., & Burgess, M. (2003). Attachment styles, social skills andloneliness in young adults. PersIndivid Dif, 35(2), 303-312.

Dube, S. R., Felitti, V. J., Dong, M., Giles, W. H., & Anda, R. F. (2003). The impact of adverse childhoodexperiences on health problems: evidence from four birth cohorts dating back to1900. Prev Med Sep, 37(3), 268-277.

Fleishman, J. A., & Fogel, B. (1994). Coping and depressive symptoms among young people with AIDS. Health Psychol, 13, 156-69.

Gcollins, N. L., Cooper, L. M., Albino, A., & Allard, (2002). Psychosocial vulnerabilityfrom adolescence to adulthood: A prospective study of attachment style differencesin relationship functioning and partner choice. Journal of Psychology, 10(6), 965-1008.

Goleman, D. (2000). Duygusalzeki (17.Basim). Istanbul: VarhkYaymlari.

Griffin, D. W., Bartholomew, K., Perlman, D. (1994). The metaphysics of measurement: thecase of adult attachment. Attachment processes in adulthood. London England: Jessica Kingsley Publishers: p, 17–52.

Guo, W., & Nathanson, A. (2011). The effects of parental mediation on sexual content on the sexual knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of the US. Journal of Children and Media, 5, 358–378.

Hawkins, D., Miller, J., & Catalano, F. (1992). Risk and Protective Factor for alcohol and other Drug problems in adolescence and early adulthood. Journal of psychological Bulletin, 112, 225- 25.

Hojat, M., Gonnella, J. S., Mangione, S., Nasca, T. J., & Magee, M. (2003). Physician empathy in medicaleducation and practice: Experience with the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy. Seminars inIntegrative Medicine, 1, 25–41.

Kassel, J. D., Wardle, M., & Roberts, J. E. (2007). Adult attachment security and college student substance use. Addictive Behaviors, 32, 1164–1176.

Kobak, R. R., & Sceery, A. (1988). Attachment in late adolescence: Working models, affect regulation, and perceptions of self and others. Child Development, 59, 135-146.

Lindberg, L. D., Boggest, S., & Williams, S. (2000). Multiple Threat: The Co-occurrence of Teen Health Risk Behaviors. The Urban Institute.

Linley, P. A., & Joseph, S. (2004). Positive change following trauma and adversity: A review. J Trauma Stress, 17, 11-21.

Lyvers, M., Thorberg, F. A., Dobie, A., Huang, J., Reginald, P. (2008). Mood and interpersonalfunctioning in heavy smokers. J Subst Use, 13, 308-318.

Maunder, R. G., Hunter, J. J. (2009). Assessing patterns of adult attachment in medical patients.Gen Hosp Psychiatry, 31,123-130.

Mikulincer, M., Horesh, N., Eilati, H., & Kotler, M. (1999). The association between adult attachment style and mental health in extreme life-endangering conditions. PersIndividDif, 27, 831-42.

Nikken, P., & deGraaf, H. (2013). Reciprocal relationship between friends’ and parental mediation of adolescents’ media use and their sexual attitudes and behavior. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 42, 1696-1707.

Riggs, S. H., Vosvick, M., & Stallings, S. (2007). Attachment style, stigma andpsychological distress among HIV+ adults. J Health Psychol, 12(6), 922-936.

Safford, S. M. (2002). The relationship of attachment style and cognitive style to depression, anxiety and negative affectivity. Ph. D. Dissertation. Temple University.

Schindler, A., Thomasius, R., Sack, P. M., Gemeinhardt, B., Ku stner, U. J., &

 Türküm, A. S. (2002). Stresle başa çıkma ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmaları. (Article in Turkish), Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 2, 25-34.

Vungkhanching, M., Sher, K. J., Jackson, K. M., & Parra, G. R. (2004). Relation of attachment style tofamily history of alcoholism and alcohol use disorders in early adulthood. Drug Alcohol Depend, 75, 47-5.