Survey of Toxicity and Histopathological Impact of Phenol on the Gill, Liver and Kidney of the Prelarvae of the Iranian Sturgeon(Acipenser persicus
Subject Areas :Alireza Soleimani 1 , ASgar Karim Abadi 2
1 - گروه زیست شناسی، واحد گرگان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرگان. ایران
2 - بخش تکثیر مرکز تکثیر و پرورش ماهیان خاویاری شهید مرجانی، اداره کل شیلات گلستان، گرگان. ایران
Keywords: Acipenserpersicus, Histopathological, LC50, phenol,
Abstract :
Inroduction & Objective: Today, the new methods for evaluating the toxic effects of the chemical compounds on the living organisms in fresh and salt water ecosystems was presented. These techniques include molecular , biochemical and cytological methods to study the influence of pollutants were usedas biological markers. Survey of the critical toxicof phenol in the embryonic phase of the Persian sturgeon (Acipenserpersicus) is necessary, because of the ecological and economic importance of this fish as an endangered native species on the Caspian sea , the extent of water pollution dispersion and increasing oil derivatives such as phenolic compoundsin this sea.Material and Methods:In present study , effects of phenol on Acipenserpersicus on the embryonic 38 phase (3dph) was evaluated . The acute toxicity test for 96h is performed in fully static water condition with aeration .According to OECD standard for evaluating theacutetoxicityofphenol , seven concentrations of phenol (140,115,90,65,40,25,10 mg/l) and control in three replications were used in the static condition .Meanwhile , three concentrations of phenol (40,25,10 mg/l) and control in three replications were used in the semi-static conditionfor surveying the effects of the sublethal concentration's phenol on the gill ,liver and kidney as cytological biomarkers during prelarvae period to the beginning activity of feeding .The deformities and mortalities of prelarvaewere collected every day and fixed by immersion in Bouin fluid for 24h and then transferred to ethanol 70% .Fish were dehydrated in an ethanol series of ascending concentrations , embedded in paraffin , and serially sectioned at 7 μm thickness on a microtome . The sections weredried for 24h and stained with H&E .Results: Maximum Allowable Toxicant Concentration of phenol forprelarvae'sAcipenserpersicus was 1.95 mg/l . Histopathological changes in the gill , liver, kidney werenoticed . The histological alterations were found in the sections including blood congestion and hyperplasia in the gills , cellular atrophy , nuclear degeneration and melanine aggregates in the liver , tubular degeneration , dilation glomerular capillaries and interstitial spaces degeneration in the kidney .Conclusion:In conclusion , the present study was showed that the concentration of pollutants like phenol compounds in the aquatic ecosystems effects on the development of the prelarvae's Persian sturgeon , thus it is essential to enhance our knowledge on toxic effects of the pollutants on the endangered species like Persian sturgeon.
