Evaluation of the cytotoxic effect of chamomile ethanol extract on Hela and MCF-7 cancer cell lines
Subject Areas :
Morteza Maleky
1
(Department of Biology,, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran)
Forouzan Ghasemian Rodsari
2
(Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran)
Received: 2023-06-11
Accepted : 2023-08-09
Published : 2023-10-23
Keywords:
Methylthiazole tetrazolium test,
Cancer cells,
Chamomile ethanolic extract,
Abstract :
Background & Aims: Cancer remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide and breast (MCF-7) and cervical (Hela) cancers rank among the most prevalent malignancies in women. The search for natural compounds with extended shelf life and reduced side effects has prompted plants for cancer investigations into the potential use of medicinal pretreatment. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of chamomile ethanol extract on the viability of MCF-7 and Hela cancer cell lines using the methyl thiazole tetrazolium test.Materials & Methods: The cell lines were exposed to chamomile ethanol extract for 48 hours, to varying concentrations of chamomile the results were analyzed based on the inhibitory concentration (IC50) for cell growth.Results: The IC50 value was calculated as 1420 μg/ml for the Hela cell line and 1760 μg/ml for MCF-7 cancer cells. Chamomile ethanolic extract decreased cell survival in a dose-dependent manner in both cell lines and the growth inhibition percentage of both cell lines increased with increasing extract concentration. Notably, the findings revealed that MCF-7 cancer cells are more resistant to treatment with chamomile extract than cervical cell lines.Conclusion: Moreover, the chamomile extract demonstrated a more candidate anticancer effect on Hela cancer than on the MCF-7 cancer cell line.
References:
Agarwal N, Majee C, Chakraborthy GS. Natural herbs as anticancer drugs. Int J PharmTech Res. 2012 Jul;4(3):1142-53.
Hausman DM. What is cancer?. Perspectives in biology and medicine. 2019;62(4):778-84.
Comşa Ş, Cimpean AM, Raica M. The story of MCF-7 breast cancer cell line: 40 years of experience in research. Anticancer research. 2015 Jun 1;35(6):3147-54.
Vaisy A, Lotfinejad S, Zhian F. Risk Factors for Cervical Cancer among Women Referred to Health Services Centers of Tehran University of Medical
Sciences. Journal of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences. 2013 Sep 10;13(3):327-36.
Rezakhani, L., Mirzapour, P., Alizadeh, A., Khazaei, M R., Alizadeh, M., Khazaei, M. 2018. An Overview on Plants and Natural Products with Anticancer Effects. Pathobiology Research. 21(3): 163-171.
Zhou H, Zou P, Chen ZC, You Y. A novel vicious cycle cascade in tumor chemotherapy. Medical hypotheses. 2007 Jan 1;69(6):1230-3.
Mazlan MS, Ichwan SJ, Rosli N. Effects of chondroitin sulfate (CS) on (HeLa) cervical cancer and breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines. Journal of International Dental and Medical Research. 2019;12(1):38-41.
.El Sayed KA. Natural products as antiviral agents. Studies in natural products chemistry. 2000 Jan 1;24:473-572.
Ali EM. Phytochemical composition, antifungal, antiaflatoxigenic, antioxidant, and anticancer activities of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. and Matricaria chamomilla L. essential oils. J Med Plants Res. 2013;7(29):2197-207.
Kawashty SA, Mosharrafa SA, El-Gibali M, Saleh NA. The flavonoids of four Pistacia species in Egypt. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology. 2000;28(9):915-7.
Rabiei Z, Rafieian M. A review on the pharmacological effects of Matricaria chamomilla. Iranian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. 2018 Dec 10;2(4):248-0.
Alibabaei Z, Rabiei Z, Rahnama S, Mokhtari S, Rafieian-kopaei M. Matricaria Chamomilla extract demonstrates antioxidant properties against elevated rat brain oxidative status induced by amnestic dose of scopolamine. Biomedicine & Aging Pathology. 2014 Oct 1;4(4):355-60.
Danaei N, Panahi Kokhdan E, Manzouri L, Nikseresht M. TheEffect of bevacizumab and hydroalcohlic Extract of Matricaria chamomilla on cell viability and nitric oxide production of the colorectal cancer cell line (HT-29). Armaghane Danesh. 2016 Mar 10;20(12):1107-18.
Al-Dabbagh B, Elhaty IA, Elhaw M, Murali C, Al Mansoori A, Awad B, Amin A. Antioxidant and anticancer activities of chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.). BMC research notes. 2019 Dec;12(1):1-8.
Thalluri GS, Srinu P. Role of Chamomile in Cancer Treat-ment. J Pathol Clin Med Res. 2018;1(001).
Jahan M, Koocheki A. Organic production of German Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) intercropped with Pot Marigold (Calendula officinalis L.). In6th IFAOM-Asia Scientific Conference 2004 (p. 484).
McKay DL, Blumberg JB. A review of the bioactivity and potential health benefits of chamomile tea (Matricaria recutita L.). Phytotherapy Research: An International Journal Devoted to Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Natural Product Derivatives. 2006 Jul;20(7):519-30.
Srivastava JK, Pandey M, Gupta S. Chamomile, a novel and selective COX-2 inhibitor with anti-inflammatory activity. Life sciences. 2009 Nov 4;85(19-20):663-9.
Jagtap AG, Shirke SS, Phadke AS. Effect of polyherbal formulation on experimental models of inflammatory bowel diseases. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2004 Feb 1;90(2-3):195-204.
Pandey V, Agrawal V. Bioprospecting of Spilanthes species–Micropropagation and bioassay guided isolation of larvicidal compounds against malaria and filarial vectors [Ph. D. thesis]. Delhi: Department of Botany, University of Delhi. 2009.
Guo J, Wu H, Weng X, Yan J, Bi K. Studies on extraction and isolation of active constituents from Psoralen corylifolia L. and the antitumor effect of the constituents in vitro. Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials. 2003 Mar 1;26(3):185-7.
Valizadeh E, Zonouz NF, Zand A, Shahbazi S, Malekian A. Evaluation of antioxidant potentials of extracts of cotton thistle ('Onopordum leptolepis' DC.) obtained by various solvents. Australian Journal of Crop Science. 2011 Jan 1;5(10):1163-6.
Davarynejad G, Taghizadeh SF, Asili J. Effect of different solvents on total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity of Zizyphus jujube Miller fruits. Journal of Horticultural Science. 2017 May 22;31(1):158-66.
Tiwari P, Kumar B, Kaur M, Kaur G, Kaur H. Phytochemical screening and extraction: a review. Internationale pharmaceutica sciencia. 2011 Mar;1(1):98-106.
Da Violante G, Zerrouk N, Richard I, Provot G, Chaumeil JC, Arnaud P. Evaluation of the cytotoxicity effect of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on Caco2/TC7 colon tumor cell cultures. Biological and pharmaceutical bulletin. 2002;25(12):1600-3.
Rawls WF, Cox L, Rovner ES. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as intravesical therapy for interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome: a review. Neurourology and Urodynamics. 2017 Sep;36(7):1677-84.
Kanimozhi D. In-Vitro Anticancer Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Cynodon dactylon Against HEP-2, HELA and MCF-7 Cell Lines. International Journal of Scientific Research and Reviews. 2012;1(1):10-23.
Hanachi P, Hosseinpour M, Zarringhalami R. Anticancer Effect of Fumaria vaillanti extracts on BT-474 and MDA-MB_123 breast cancer cells. Journal of food science and technology (Iran). 2020 May 10;17(100):57-66.
Freidberg R. An investigation into the antimicrobial and anticancer activities of Geranium incanum, Artemisia afra and Artemisia absinthium (Doctoral dissertation).
Carmichael J, DeGraff WG, Gazdar AF, Minna JD, Mitchell JB. Evaluation of a tetrazolium-based semiautomated colorimetric assay: assessment of chemosensitivity testing. Cancer research. 1987 Feb 15;47(4):936-42.
Iselt M, Holtei W, Hilgard P. The tetrazolium dye assay for rapid in vitro assessment of cytotoxicity. Arzneimittel-forschung. 1989 Jul 1;39(7):747-9.
Kupcsik L. Estimation of cell number based on metabolic activity: the MTT reduction assay. Mammalian cell viability: methods and protocols. 2011:13-9.
Ravi L, Krishnan K. Research article cytotoxic potential of N-hexadecanoic acid extracted from Kigelia pinnata leaves. Asian J. Cell Biol. 2017;12:20-7.
Khajuria V, Gupta S, Sharma N, Kumar A, Lone NA, Khullar M, Dutt P, Sharma PR, Bhagat A, Ahmed Z. Anti-
inflammatory potential of hentriacontane in LPS stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and mice model. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy. 2017 Aug 1;92:175-86.
Kumar PP, Kumaravel S, Lalitha C. Screening of antioxidant activity, total phenolics and GC-MS study of Vitex negundo. African Journal of Biochemistry Research. 2010 Jul 31;4(7):191-5.
Wei LS, Wee W, Siong JY, Syamsumir DF. Characterization of anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant properties and chemical compositions of Peperomia pellucida leaf extract. Acta Medica Iranica. 2011:670-4.
Zamanian M, Noormohammadi Z, Akbarzadeh T, Bineshian F, Sharifi Z. Comparison of MTT and Trypan Blue methods in determining the survival of Vero cell line in HSV-1 infection. Scientific Journal of Iran Blood Transfus Organ. 2021 Mar 10;18(1):18-26.
El Sayed KA. Natural products as antiviral agents. Studies in natural products chemistry. 2000 Jan 1;24:473-572.
Dolati S. A Review of the Therapeutic Effects of Chamomile (Matricaria Chamomile) in Traditional and Modern Medicine. Researches in Sport Sciences and Medical Plants. 2021 Feb 19;1(2):1-2.
Habibzadeh Khamene, S., Nemati, F., Shiravi, A.H. Cytotoxic Effects of Myrtus communis Extract on Hela and MCF7 Cancer Cells. Journal of Animal Biology. 2014 Jan 21;6(2):21-8.
Nemati, F., Islami Jadidi, B., Talebi Darabi, M.. Cytotoxicity Effects of Bishops Flower (Ammi majus) extract on the Cancer Cell Lines Hela and MCF-7. Journal of Animal Biology. 2013 Apr 21;5(3).
Pakfetrat, H., Nemati, F., Shiravi, A.H. Cytotoxicity Effects of Ammi visnaga extract on Hela and MCF7 Cancer Cell Line. Journal of Animal Biology. 2015. 7(2): 25-33.
Seyedalipour B, Pourakbar E, Taravati A. The cytotoxic effect of ethanolic extract of pistacia khinjuk leaf onhela and mcf-7 cancerous cell lines. Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences. 2016 Feb 10;14(11):939-52.
Alipour M, Nemati F. The Cytotoxic Effects of Ethanolic Extract of Leaf and Flower Buds of Crataegus melanocarpa on Human Breast (MCF-7) and Cervical (HeLa) Cancer Cell Line. Journal of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences. 2019 Mar 21;26(1):145-52.
Srivastava JK, Gupta S. Antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of chamomile extract in various human cancer cells. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2007 Nov 14;55(23):9470-8.
Ogata-Ikeda I, Seo H, Kawanai T, Hashimoto E, Oyama Y. Cytotoxic action of bisabololoxide A of German chamomile on human leukemia K562 cells in combination with 5-fluorouracil. Phytomedicine. 2011 Mar 15;18(5):362-5.
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Agarwal N, Majee C, Chakraborthy GS. Natural herbs as anticancer drugs. Int J PharmTech Res. 2012 Jul;4(3):1142-53.
Hausman DM. What is cancer?. Perspectives in biology and medicine. 2019;62(4):778-84.
Comşa Ş, Cimpean AM, Raica M. The story of MCF-7 breast cancer cell line: 40 years of experience in research. Anticancer research. 2015 Jun 1;35(6):3147-54.
Vaisy A, Lotfinejad S, Zhian F. Risk Factors for Cervical Cancer among Women Referred to Health Services Centers of Tehran University of Medical
Sciences. Journal of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences. 2013 Sep 10;13(3):327-36.
Rezakhani, L., Mirzapour, P., Alizadeh, A., Khazaei, M R., Alizadeh, M., Khazaei, M. 2018. An Overview on Plants and Natural Products with Anticancer Effects. Pathobiology Research. 21(3): 163-171.
Zhou H, Zou P, Chen ZC, You Y. A novel vicious cycle cascade in tumor chemotherapy. Medical hypotheses. 2007 Jan 1;69(6):1230-3.
Mazlan MS, Ichwan SJ, Rosli N. Effects of chondroitin sulfate (CS) on (HeLa) cervical cancer and breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines. Journal of International Dental and Medical Research. 2019;12(1):38-41.
.El Sayed KA. Natural products as antiviral agents. Studies in natural products chemistry. 2000 Jan 1;24:473-572.
Ali EM. Phytochemical composition, antifungal, antiaflatoxigenic, antioxidant, and anticancer activities of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. and Matricaria chamomilla L. essential oils. J Med Plants Res. 2013;7(29):2197-207.
Kawashty SA, Mosharrafa SA, El-Gibali M, Saleh NA. The flavonoids of four Pistacia species in Egypt. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology. 2000;28(9):915-7.
Rabiei Z, Rafieian M. A review on the pharmacological effects of Matricaria chamomilla. Iranian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. 2018 Dec 10;2(4):248-0.
Alibabaei Z, Rabiei Z, Rahnama S, Mokhtari S, Rafieian-kopaei M. Matricaria Chamomilla extract demonstrates antioxidant properties against elevated rat brain oxidative status induced by amnestic dose of scopolamine. Biomedicine & Aging Pathology. 2014 Oct 1;4(4):355-60.
Danaei N, Panahi Kokhdan E, Manzouri L, Nikseresht M. TheEffect of bevacizumab and hydroalcohlic Extract of Matricaria chamomilla on cell viability and nitric oxide production of the colorectal cancer cell line (HT-29). Armaghane Danesh. 2016 Mar 10;20(12):1107-18.
Al-Dabbagh B, Elhaty IA, Elhaw M, Murali C, Al Mansoori A, Awad B, Amin A. Antioxidant and anticancer activities of chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.). BMC research notes. 2019 Dec;12(1):1-8.
Thalluri GS, Srinu P. Role of Chamomile in Cancer Treat-ment. J Pathol Clin Med Res. 2018;1(001).
Jahan M, Koocheki A. Organic production of German Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) intercropped with Pot Marigold (Calendula officinalis L.). In6th IFAOM-Asia Scientific Conference 2004 (p. 484).
McKay DL, Blumberg JB. A review of the bioactivity and potential health benefits of chamomile tea (Matricaria recutita L.). Phytotherapy Research: An International Journal Devoted to Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Natural Product Derivatives. 2006 Jul;20(7):519-30.
Srivastava JK, Pandey M, Gupta S. Chamomile, a novel and selective COX-2 inhibitor with anti-inflammatory activity. Life sciences. 2009 Nov 4;85(19-20):663-9.
Jagtap AG, Shirke SS, Phadke AS. Effect of polyherbal formulation on experimental models of inflammatory bowel diseases. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2004 Feb 1;90(2-3):195-204.
Pandey V, Agrawal V. Bioprospecting of Spilanthes species–Micropropagation and bioassay guided isolation of larvicidal compounds against malaria and filarial vectors [Ph. D. thesis]. Delhi: Department of Botany, University of Delhi. 2009.
Guo J, Wu H, Weng X, Yan J, Bi K. Studies on extraction and isolation of active constituents from Psoralen corylifolia L. and the antitumor effect of the constituents in vitro. Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials. 2003 Mar 1;26(3):185-7.
Valizadeh E, Zonouz NF, Zand A, Shahbazi S, Malekian A. Evaluation of antioxidant potentials of extracts of cotton thistle ('Onopordum leptolepis' DC.) obtained by various solvents. Australian Journal of Crop Science. 2011 Jan 1;5(10):1163-6.
Davarynejad G, Taghizadeh SF, Asili J. Effect of different solvents on total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity of Zizyphus jujube Miller fruits. Journal of Horticultural Science. 2017 May 22;31(1):158-66.
Tiwari P, Kumar B, Kaur M, Kaur G, Kaur H. Phytochemical screening and extraction: a review. Internationale pharmaceutica sciencia. 2011 Mar;1(1):98-106.
Da Violante G, Zerrouk N, Richard I, Provot G, Chaumeil JC, Arnaud P. Evaluation of the cytotoxicity effect of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on Caco2/TC7 colon tumor cell cultures. Biological and pharmaceutical bulletin. 2002;25(12):1600-3.
Rawls WF, Cox L, Rovner ES. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as intravesical therapy for interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome: a review. Neurourology and Urodynamics. 2017 Sep;36(7):1677-84.
Kanimozhi D. In-Vitro Anticancer Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Cynodon dactylon Against HEP-2, HELA and MCF-7 Cell Lines. International Journal of Scientific Research and Reviews. 2012;1(1):10-23.
Hanachi P, Hosseinpour M, Zarringhalami R. Anticancer Effect of Fumaria vaillanti extracts on BT-474 and MDA-MB_123 breast cancer cells. Journal of food science and technology (Iran). 2020 May 10;17(100):57-66.
Freidberg R. An investigation into the antimicrobial and anticancer activities of Geranium incanum, Artemisia afra and Artemisia absinthium (Doctoral dissertation).
Carmichael J, DeGraff WG, Gazdar AF, Minna JD, Mitchell JB. Evaluation of a tetrazolium-based semiautomated colorimetric assay: assessment of chemosensitivity testing. Cancer research. 1987 Feb 15;47(4):936-42.
Iselt M, Holtei W, Hilgard P. The tetrazolium dye assay for rapid in vitro assessment of cytotoxicity. Arzneimittel-forschung. 1989 Jul 1;39(7):747-9.
Kupcsik L. Estimation of cell number based on metabolic activity: the MTT reduction assay. Mammalian cell viability: methods and protocols. 2011:13-9.
Ravi L, Krishnan K. Research article cytotoxic potential of N-hexadecanoic acid extracted from Kigelia pinnata leaves. Asian J. Cell Biol. 2017;12:20-7.
Khajuria V, Gupta S, Sharma N, Kumar A, Lone NA, Khullar M, Dutt P, Sharma PR, Bhagat A, Ahmed Z. Anti-
inflammatory potential of hentriacontane in LPS stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and mice model. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy. 2017 Aug 1;92:175-86.
Kumar PP, Kumaravel S, Lalitha C. Screening of antioxidant activity, total phenolics and GC-MS study of Vitex negundo. African Journal of Biochemistry Research. 2010 Jul 31;4(7):191-5.
Wei LS, Wee W, Siong JY, Syamsumir DF. Characterization of anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant properties and chemical compositions of Peperomia pellucida leaf extract. Acta Medica Iranica. 2011:670-4.
Zamanian M, Noormohammadi Z, Akbarzadeh T, Bineshian F, Sharifi Z. Comparison of MTT and Trypan Blue methods in determining the survival of Vero cell line in HSV-1 infection. Scientific Journal of Iran Blood Transfus Organ. 2021 Mar 10;18(1):18-26.
El Sayed KA. Natural products as antiviral agents. Studies in natural products chemistry. 2000 Jan 1;24:473-572.
Dolati S. A Review of the Therapeutic Effects of Chamomile (Matricaria Chamomile) in Traditional and Modern Medicine. Researches in Sport Sciences and Medical Plants. 2021 Feb 19;1(2):1-2.
Habibzadeh Khamene, S., Nemati, F., Shiravi, A.H. Cytotoxic Effects of Myrtus communis Extract on Hela and MCF7 Cancer Cells. Journal of Animal Biology. 2014 Jan 21;6(2):21-8.
Nemati, F., Islami Jadidi, B., Talebi Darabi, M.. Cytotoxicity Effects of Bishops Flower (Ammi majus) extract on the Cancer Cell Lines Hela and MCF-7. Journal of Animal Biology. 2013 Apr 21;5(3).
Pakfetrat, H., Nemati, F., Shiravi, A.H. Cytotoxicity Effects of Ammi visnaga extract on Hela and MCF7 Cancer Cell Line. Journal of Animal Biology. 2015. 7(2): 25-33.
Seyedalipour B, Pourakbar E, Taravati A. The cytotoxic effect of ethanolic extract of pistacia khinjuk leaf onhela and mcf-7 cancerous cell lines. Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences. 2016 Feb 10;14(11):939-52.
Alipour M, Nemati F. The Cytotoxic Effects of Ethanolic Extract of Leaf and Flower Buds of Crataegus melanocarpa on Human Breast (MCF-7) and Cervical (HeLa) Cancer Cell Line. Journal of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences. 2019 Mar 21;26(1):145-52.
Srivastava JK, Gupta S. Antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of chamomile extract in various human cancer cells. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2007 Nov 14;55(23):9470-8.
Ogata-Ikeda I, Seo H, Kawanai T, Hashimoto E, Oyama Y. Cytotoxic action of bisabololoxide A of German chamomile on human leukemia K562 cells in combination with 5-fluorouracil. Phytomedicine. 2011 Mar 15;18(5):362-5.
