Biological Control of Orange Green & Blue Mold Agents by Citrus Microbial Epiphytes In North of Iran

Subject Areas : Plant Protection

Ayatollah Nasrollahi Omran ¹ , Farid Bigi Firozjaie ² , Maedeh Sangi ³

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Received: 2011-06-09 Accepted : 2011-11-10 Published : 2012-02-20

Keywords:

Abstract :

Green and Blue molds are the major postharvest disease of citrus fruit that caused by Penicillium digitatum and p.italicum those responsible for about 30% of losses in citrus crop per year. In common methods, these wound pathogens have been controlled by using synthetic fungicides such as Imazalil, benomil or thiabendazole. Concerns about their impact on human health and the environment and the rise of fungicide-resistant biotypes, biological control proposed as a suitable replace. In this research,  for biological control on these pathogens, epiphytic microorganism isolated from fruit surfaces that collected from the citrus orchards in the North of Iran. Initial evaluation for Biological Control potential by these  microorganism  were done based on pathogen inhibition zone in laboratory conditions. 65 isolates of yeast and bacteria and 30 isolates of mold show potential for Biological Control on these molds. In next stage, fruit were wounded to a 2 mm depth of four equidistant points and microbial treatment  were inoculated to each point bacterial and yeast suspension of 1×108 cell/ml  concentration 24 h before pathogen spore inoculation (1×104 spore/ml) and in hold 15 c  for one week. Results of microbial treatment compared with control based on appearance and severity of incidence. Biochemical test for identification of Biological Control isolates showed 3 isolates of Pseudomonas syringae , 2 isolates of Pantoea agglomerans and 1 isolates of Candida famata. Inhibitory mechanism of Biological Control showed evidence in production of volatile compounds and extracellular metabolites from P. syringae and extracellular metabolites from C. famata those have antifungal effect on P. digitatum and P. italicum.

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