Identifying and analysis of key factors affecting the development of tourism in the urban spaces of Tehran with a future research approach

Subject Areas : Sustainable urban development

ali shamsoddini ¹ (marvdasht Branch, Islamic azad university)
Mohammadreza Ghaedi ² (Associate Professor Shiraz Branch ,Islamic Azad University ,Shiraz ,Iran)
Davood Jamini ³ (Assistant Professor, Department of Geomorphology, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran)

Received: 2022-06-23 Accepted : 2022-09-07 Published : 2022-10-23

Keywords: futures study, Tehran, Urban Tourism, Tourism,

Abstract :

Today, the tourism industry is considered as one of the most important and main sources of sustainable income in most developed and developing countries, therefore, policy making, management and planning for the development of this industry in the present and future is one of the most important concerns of managers. and officials related to the field of tourism. One of the most important actions in the direction of the development of the tourism industry in urban areas is to identify the factors affecting the development of the tourism industry, which can have a significant impact on the prosperity of this industry. Therefore, the aim of this article is to identify and analyse the key drivers affecting the development of tourism in Tehran metropolis. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature and method of work. To collect the required data and information, library-documentary and field studies (questionnaire distribution) were used and for data analyse used MicMac software. The statistical population of the study consists of all experts in the field of tourism development in the metropolis of Tehran Using the snowball sample size selection method, Finally, 30 experts were selected as the sample size. Findings show that a total of 28 factors affect the development of tourism in Tehran the extent of this effect is from strong to weak. The results indicate that human factors in this metropolis have the greatest impact on the development of urban tourism and These factors include the development of infrastructure related to domestic and foreign tourism, Accommodation and welfare facilities, security, Historical monuments and facilities related to medical services.Extended AbstractIntroduction:      Today, tourism is a global and social dynamic phenomenon that has its own complexities; A phenomenon that takes different forms in different times and places with a hidden mechanism, and for this reason, it has completely different effects on human societies. The development of the tourism industry has benefits such as job creation, transportation optimization, increasing the income of local residents and supporting cultural and natural heritage. But its development requires sufficient knowledge and understanding of economic, social and cultural issues and factors. Tourism is a clean activity that can be effective in preserving nature for future generations and helps developing countries in solving problems such as unemployment and poverty by stimulating the potential of these countries. Due to its nature, this industry is a complex and mixed activity and requires the participation of various and numerous sectors of the society, and it also leaves extensive positive and negative effects at different levels. Cities are one of the most important residential destinations for tourists, and urban tourism is a type of tourism where citizens interested in cultural, historical, religious and natural attractions spend part of their free time in these places. In recent decades, the growth and development of the tourism industry and its adoption as one of the major economic activities by developed and developing countries and the competition of major tourist destinations in order to attract tourists have prompted planners to increase the income from Tourism activities should pay attention to two important categories: first, increasing the satisfaction of tourists and improving the pleasure and quality of the tourism experience, and second, trying to protect the interests of the host communities.Due to the accumulation of social infrastructure and civil institutions, cities have the ability to attract domestic and foreign tourists, and therefore they are the destination of many tourists. According to MasterCard's report in 2015, the top ten tourist-friendly cities in the world were: London, Bangkok, Paris, Dubai, New York, Singapore, Kuala Lumpur, Hong Kong and Seoul, which attracted a total of more than 133 million tourists. It is also noteworthy that seven Asian cities are among the top ten tourist cities in the world.Methodology:    This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature and method of work. To collect the required data and information, library-documentary and field studies (questionnaire distribution) were used and for data analyse used MicMac software. The statistical population of the study consists of all experts in the field of tourism development in the metropolis of Tehran Using the snowball sample size selection method, Finally, 30 experts were selected as the sample size. Results and discussion:   Findings show that a total of 28 factors affect the development of tourism in Tehran the extent of this effect is from strong to weak. The results indicate that human factors in this metropolis have the greatest impact on the development of urban tourism and These factors include the development of infrastructure related to domestic and foreign tourism, Accommodation and welfare facilities, security, Historical monuments and facilities related to medical services.Conclusion:    Urban tourism is one of the sustainable sources of income for cities, and urban management with medium-term and long-term planning can make the most of this industry. The development of urban tourism is influenced by various factors, some of which are human and others are natural. The results of the present research, which was conducted with the aim of identifying the key factors affecting the development of tourism in the metropolis of Tehran, indicate that human factors in this metropolis have the greatest influence on the development of urban tourism, and these factors include the development of infrastructure related to domestic and foreign tourism, facilities accommodation and welfare, security, historical monuments and facilities related to medical services. Considering the dependence of these factors, Tehran metropolis can play a role as one of the most important destinations for medical tourists and historical tourists.Urban management policies and programs are among the most important factors that affect all factors of tourism development in Tehran metropolis, as urban management can provide other related factors such as security and cooperation of the private sector through the participation of citizens in tourism activities. Considering the geographical location and also being the capital city of Tehran, the influencing factors on its tourism development are more than other cities in the country and reciprocally, the development of urban tourism in Tehran can also affect the development of tourism in other places in the country.

References:

• Abdolahzadefard, A (2017), Selection of handicraft site as a step for achieving sustainable tourism development (Case study: Shiraz), Regional Planning, 7(25): 143-154 (in Persian)


• Amanpour, S., Malaki, S., Ahadnejad Reveshty, M., Moradi Mofrad, S (2017), Analysis and assessment of environmental quality Urban Tourist Destinations in line with sustainable development (Case study: Shushtar), Geography,15(54): 79-96 (in Persian)


• Aminian, N., Seyyed Naghavi, M.A., Jahaniyan, M., Emami, S.M (2017), Assessing the Indicators of Good Governance in Development of Urban Tourism (Case Study: City of Tehran), Journal of Urban Economics and Management, 5(18): 127-139 (in Persian)


• Azadkhani, P., Hosseinzadeh, J., Salimi Bavandpour, A (2018), Investigating the Socio-Cultural Impacts of Developing Urban Tourism in Ilam City, Urban Areas Studies, 5(12): 1-15 (in Persian)


• Azi Mohammad, Z, Shariatpanahi, M.V (2016), The survey role of tourism potential for urban development (Case study: region 22 of Tehran), Quarterly Journal of Human Geography, 8 (3): 85-98 (in Persian)


• Azi Mohammad, Z, Shariatpanahi, M.V (2016), The survey role of tourism potential for urban development (Case study: region 22 of Tehran), Quarterly Journal of Human Geography, 8 (3): 85-98 (in Persian)


• Bagheri, V., Barghlameh, H (2017), Capacity, capability and attractiveness analysis of commercial-residential places on developing urban tourism industry (a case study: Omid commercial-residential complex, Mashhad, Quarterly of Geography (Regional Planing), 7(4): 103-114 (in Persian)


• Bahramian, M., Shamsoddini, A (2018), A Quantitative Analysis on the Role of Urban Management in Promoting Sustainable Tourism (Case Study: Marvdasht City), Research and Urban Planning, 9(32): 131-140 (in Persian)


• Bayrak, M.M (2022), Does Indigenous tourism contribute to Indigenous resilience to disasters? A case study on Taiwan's highlands, Progress in Disaster Science 14, 100220, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pdisas.2022.100220.


• Boivin, M., Tanguay, G.A (2019), Analysis of the determinants of urban tourism attractiveness: The case of Quebec City and Bordeaux, Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 11: 67-79.


• Ezatpanah, B (2020), Exploring effective driving forces in the future of tourism industry development in borderline cities (case study: Baneh city), journal of urban tourism, 7(1): 69-87 (in Persian)


• Firoozi, M.A., Zadvali Khajeh, S.H (2017), SOAR strategic model step towards the strategic planning for development urban tourism (Case study: Tabriz metropolitan), Journal of Zonal Planing, 7(25): 29-40 (in Persian)


• Ghanbari, A., Derakhshan, E., Salehi, S.M., Ahmadi, A (2017), Effecting Factors on Overall Satisfaction: The Mediating Role of Brand Equity, Journal of tourism and development, 6(1): 23-44 (in Persian)


• Hekmatnia, H (2020), Evaluation of Effective Factors on tourism developmentof Meybod, journal of urban tourism, 7(2): 71-84 (in Persian)


• Henseler, M., Maisonnave, H., Maskaeva, A (2021), Economic impacts of COVID-19 on the tourism sector in Tanzania, ‌hal-03501722‌.


• Higham, J, Lueck, M (2002), Urban Ecotourism: A Contradiction in Terms?, Journal of Ecotourism, 1(1): 36-59.


• Holjevac, I.A (2003), Managing the Quality of Sports Touism Producte and Services Guidelines for Croatia, Tourism Review, 58 (2): 35-37.


• Huang, C., Lin, F., Chu, D., Wang, L., Liao, J., Wu, J (2021), Spatiotemporal Evolution and Trend Prediction of Tourism Economic Vulnerability in China’s Major Tourist Cities. ISPRS Int, J. Geo-Inf. 2021, 10, 644, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10100644.


• Jamini, D., Dehghani, A (2022), Evaluation and analysis of resilience of rural tourism and identification of key drivers affecting it in the face of the Covid-19 pandemic in Iran, Journal of Research & Rural Planning, 11(4): 99-116.


• Jamini, D., Jamshidi, A (2021), Modeling the Factors Affecting the Development of Entrepreneurship Indicators in Rural Areas of Iran (Case study: Owramanat Region, Kermanshah Province), Journal of Spatial Planning, 11 (42): 73-94 (in Persian)


• Jamini, D., Jamshidi, A., Abdolmaleki, M (2022), Identify the challenges of informal settlements and Provide Operational-Executive Solutions to Improve it in Kurdistan Province (Case Study: Urban Separated Area of Naysar), Journal of Research and Urban Planning, 12 (47): 111-130 (in Persian)


• Jamshidi, A., Jamini, D., Ghanbari, U., Toosi, R., Pesaraklo, M (2015), Factors affecting the entrepreneurship development in agricultural production cooperatives Minodasht Township, Geographical Planning of Space, 6(15): 211-225 (in Persian)


• Karimi, S., Ghazanfarpour, H., Hesampur, A (2017), Climate-Tourism Zoning in order to Develop Urban Tourism (Case Study: Kerman Province Cities), Journal of tourism and development, 7(1): 101-117 (in Persian)


• Komasi, H, Hashemkhani Zolfani, S., Cavallaro, F (2022a), The COVID-19 Pandemic and Nature-Based Tourism, Scenario Planning Approach (Case Study of Nature-Based Tourism in Iran), Sustainability 14, no. 7: 3954. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14073954.


• Komasi, H., Hashemkhani Zolfani, S., Prentkovskis, O., Skačkauskas, P (2022b), Urban Competitiveness: Identification and Analysis of Sustainable Key Drivers (A Case Study in Iran), Sustainability 14, no. 13: 7844. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14137844.


• Liu, J., Nijkamp, P., Huang, X., Lin, D (2017), Urban livability and tourism development in China: Analysis of sustainable development by means of spatial panel data, Habitat International, 68: 99-107.


• Mirshekaran, Y., Sadeghi, A., Vahidi, E (2021), The selection of tourism development strategies in Sardasht city based on SWOT model And Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM), Human Geography Research Quarterly, 53(116): 617-635 (in Persian)


• Mohamadi Deh Cheshme, P. (2018), Strategic analysis of hardships and opportunities for developing urban tourism (Pilot study: shahr-e-kord), Journal of Applied Researches in Geographical Sciences, 17(47): 19-37 (in Persian)


• Mohammadifar, Y., Rousta, A., Gharehche, M., Hamidizadeh, M (2018), The Necessities and Consequences of City Branding and Emphasizing the Economy of Urban Tourism, Journal of Urban Economics and Management, 6(21): 51-65 (in Persian)


• Munanura, I.E., Sabuhoro, E., Hunt, C.A., Ayorekire, J (2021), Livelihoods and Tourism: Capital Assets, Household Resiliency, and SubjectiveWellbeing. Tour. Hosp, 2: 347–364, https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp2040023.


• Norouzi, F., Beishami, B (2017), Requirements in Tehran Metropolitan (Case Study: Accommodation Centers of Tehran and Istanbul), Heritage & Tourism Journal, 2(6): 35-53 (in Persian)


• Pormayeh, R., Remazanpour, M., Bozorgmehr, K., Haghzad, A (2020), Factors Affecting Tourism Development in Lahijan, geographical journal of Tourism Space, 9(34): 27-47 (in Persian)


• Riahi, V., Jamini, D (2018), A study on the villagers’ semantic understanding of functional challenges in rural settlements (Case study: Centeral District of Ravansar County), Journal of Research & Rural Planning, 7(2): 1-23.


• Sajadian, N., Piri, F (2017), A study of effective spatial elements on urban tourism demand (case study: Ilam city), Territory, 14(53): 21-36 (in Persian)


• Shokouhi Bidhendi, R., Azizabadi Farahani, F., Talebian, M. H., Ghalibaf, M. B., Salehi Amiri, R (2021), Strategic Tourism Management of Tehran; Challenges and Opportunities. The Monthly Scientific Journal of Bagh-e Nazar, 17(92), 75-88. doi: 10.22034/bagh.2019.160240.3890. (in Persian)


• Shokouhi Bidhendi, R., Azizabadi Farahani, F., Talebian, M.H., Ghalibaf, M.B., Salehi Amiri, R (2021), Strategic Tourism Management of Tehran; Challenges and Opportunities, Bagh-e Nazar, 17(92): 75-88 (in Persian)


• Soliku, O., Kyiire, B., Mahama, A and Kubio, C (2021), Tourism amid COVID-19 pandemic: impacts and implications for building resilience in the eco-tourism sector in Ghana's Savannah region, Heliyon 7, e07892, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07892.


• Yavari, M.K., Yazdani, S., sheykhol Eslami, A (2018), The investigation of the importance of urban quality improvement programs with emphasis on tourism development (Case study: Arak city), Urbad Management Studies, 10(35): 43-57 (in Persian)


• Yazdani, M.H., Alipour, E., Dashti, A.H., Biouteh, A (2018), Surveying and Assessing the role of the Media on Urban Tourism Development Using path analysis techniques, Media Studies, 13(40): 21-38 (in Persian)


• Zayyari, K., Amanpour, S., Amiri Fahlyiani, M.R (2013), factors in the development of urban tourism IdentifyEffectiveWith emphasis on Tourists Satisfaction (Case study: nourabad Mamasani), Territory, 10(37): 15-31 (in Persian).