Effects of Green Manure Residues on Egyptian Broomrape (Orobanche aegyptiaca Pers.) and Growth Relations in Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.)

Subject Areas : Semi Annual Journal of Weed Ecology

Mojtaba Zafarian ¹ (دانشجوی دکتری علفهای هرز دانشگاه شهرکرد)
Ali Tadayon ² (دانشیار گروه زراعت دانشکده کشاورزی شهرکرد)
Mohammad Bazoobandi ³ (استادیار مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی)

Received: 2014-11-01 Accepted : 2015-05-26 Published : 2016-02-20

Keywords:

Abstract :

In order to evaluate the efficacy of green manure on Egyptian broomrape (Orobanche aegyptiaca. Pers) control and to determin green manure effects on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) growth, a glasshouse experiment was conducted in CRD design with four replications. Treatments consisted of three green manures of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgar L.) and rye (Secale cereal L.) in two levels (50 and 100 biomass return into the soil) and two control treatments of weed free and weed infest treatments. The results showed that among all treatments, the rye manure in both levels (50 and 100 percent return into the soil) reduced significantly the number of broomrape shoot, and nodules on tomato roots; dry weight and the broomrape/tomato dry matter ratio than weed infest treatment.  In fact, barley green manure, especially in 100 percent biomass return in many treats, was similar to rye green manure.  In spite of reduction in the measured treatments of broomrape, no significant difference was observed among green manure on the dry weight of tomato. Generally, it seems that rye manure in 50 and 100 percent and barley green manure in 100 percent level have the capability to prevent broomrape seed germination and establishment in a better way more research is needed to examine the effects of treatments on tomato growth and quality.

References:

- اروجی، ک.، م.ح. راشد محصل، پ. رضوانی مقدم و م. نصیری محلاتی. 1393. تأثیر انواع و مقادیر کودهای آلی بر مدیریت علف‌هرز انگل گل جالیز (Orobanche aegyptiaca Perss.) در گوجه‌فرنگی(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) . نشریه بوم‌شناسی کشاورزی، 6(2): 209 تا 218.

2- بازوبندی، م.، ا. شیرین بهادر، ش. نوروززاده و م. عباس پور. 1390. بررسی تاثیر تاریخ انتقال نشا گوجه‌فرنگی(Lycopersicon esculentum L.) بر تراکم گل جالیز(Orobanche aegyptiaca. Pers). فصلنامه بوم‌شناختی علف‌های هرز، 2(1): 11 تا 18.

3- علیزاده، ح.، س. بابایی، ا. نصرتی، م. دیانت و ز. فرخی. 1390. تاثیر آللوپاتیک عصاره چاودار روی مولفه‌های جوانه‌زنی بذر و رشد گیاهچه چند گونه علف‌هرز. مجله علوم گیاهان زراعی ایران، 42(3): صفحات 475 تا 483.

4- فروزش، س.، م.ع. باغستانی، م.ح. علیزاده، ح. رحیمیان مشهدی و م. مین باشی. 1389. بررسی کنترل شیمیایی گل‌جالیز در گوجه فرنگی. دومین همایش علف های هرز. دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد. 503 تا 507.

5- فرهودی، ر. و م. مکی زاده. 1390. بررسی تاثیر دگرآسیبی عصاره آبی جو بر فعالیت آنزیم آلفا آمیلاز و جوانه‌زنی یولاف وحشی و چچم. ص 221 تا225. دومین همایش ملی علوم و تکنولوژی بذر،دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد.

6- میقانی، ف.، م. یزدانی و م. مین باشی. 1388. مطالعه تحمل ارقام گوجه فرنگی به گل جالیز. مجله آفات و بیماری‌ها.، 77(1): 93 تا 111.

 

7- Aksoy, E.O. 2003. Monsters weed species (Orobanche spp.) One in the Çukurova region and Combating Facilities Arrange Explorations. Cukurova University of Science and Technology Institute, PhD Thesis. 158 pp.

8- Amsellem, Z., B.A. Cohen and J. Gressel. 2002. Engineering hyper virulence in a mycoherbicidal fungus for efficient weed control. Nat. Biotechnol. 20:1035-1039.

9- Anonymous. 2011. Research of effects of some plants› extract and exudates on broomrape germination and development on tomatoes. http://www.agris.fao.org/aos/records/TR2011000487.

10- Bilalis, D.J., R.J. Froud-Williams, I. Eleftherohorinos, A. Karkanis, and A. Efthimiadou. 2012. Effects of organic and inorganic amendments on weed management in sweet maize. Int. J. Agron. Plant. Prod. 6 (3):291-307.

11- Bond, W. and A.C. Grundy. 2001. Non-chemical weed management in organic farming systems. Weed Res. 41:383-405.

12- Chase, W.R., M.G. Nair, A.R. Putnam and S.K. Mishra. 1991. Microbal transformation of rye (Secale creale) allelochemical in field soils. J. Chem. Ecol. 17:1575-1584.

13- Dhima, K.V., I.B. Vasilakoglou, I.G. Eleftherohorinos and A.S. Lithourgidis. 2006. Allelopathic potential of winter cereal cover crop mulches on grass weed suppression and sugarbeet development. Crop Sci. 46:1682-1691.

14-. Fernandez-Aparicio, M., J.C. Sillerro and D. Rubiales. 2006. Intercropping with cereals reduces infection by Orobanche crenata in legumes. Crop prot. 26(8):1166-1172.

15- Hamada, R.A.G., S.A. Mohamed and H.I. Ola. 2010. Antioxidative effects of the acetone fraction and vanillic acid from Chenopodium murale on tomato plants. Weed Biol. Manag. 10:64-72.

16- Kayeke, J., P.K. Sibugal, J.J. Msakyl and  A. Mbwaga. 2007. Green manure and inorganic fertilizer as management strategies for witchweed and upland rice. Afr. Crop Sci. J. 15(4):161–171.

17- Lambers, H., F.S. Chapin and T.L. Pons. 2007. Plant Physiological Ecology. Springer, New York.

18- Ma, Y.Q., S.Q. Dong, H. Wu, J.F. Shui and Z.Q. Hao. 2012. Stimulatory effects of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) on seed germination of (Orobanche minor). Allelopathy J. 30(2):247-258.

19- Mohammadi, G.R. 2010. Weed control in irrigated corn by hairy vetch interseeded at different rates and times. Weed Biol. Manag. 10:25-32.

20- Nassib, A.M., A.H.A. Hussein and F.M. Reyes. 1984. Effect of variety, chemical control, sowing date and tillage on (Orobanche spp). Infestation and faba bean yield. FABIS Newsletter. 10:11-15.

21- Niemeyer, H.M. 1988. Hydroxamic acids (4-hydroxy-1, 4-benzoxazin-3-ones), defence chemicals in the Gramineae. Phytochem. J. 27:3349-3358.

22- Peterson, J. and A. Rover. 2005. Comparison of sugar beet cropping systems with dead and living mulch using a glyphosate-resistant hybrid. Journal of Agron. Crop Sci. 191:55-63.

23- Regosa, M. and N. Pedrol. 2002. Allelopathy from molecules to ecosystems. Science publishers Inc, NH, USA.

24- Rice, C.P., Y.B. Park, F.D. Adam, A.A. Abdul-baki and J.R. Teasdale. 2005. Hydroxamic acid content and toxicity of rye at selected growth stages. J. Chem. Ecol. 31:1887-1905.

25- Rubiales, D., M. Ferna´ndez-Aparicio and F. Flores. 2009. Recognition of root exudates by seeds of broomrape (Orobanche and Phelipanche) species. Ann. Bot. 103:423–431.

26- Vaughan, J.D. and G.K. Evanylo. 1998. Corn response to cover crop species, spring desiccation time and residue management. Agron. J. 90:536-544.

27- Weston, L.A. 1996. Utilization of allelopathy for weed management in agroecosystems. Agron J. 88:860-866.

28- Wyenandt, C.A., M. Riedel and L. Rhodes. 2003. Assessing and integrated disease management strategy for processing tomatoes in Ohaio. www.ohioline.osu.edu/~vegnet/tomcats/andyres.htm.

29- Yenish, J.P., A.D. Worsham and W.S. Chilton. 1995. Disappearance of DIBOA glucoside, DIBOA and BOA from rye cover crop residue. Weed Sci. 43:18- 21.

30- Zasada, I.A., H.M. Linker, and H.D. Coble. 1997. Initial weed densities affect no-tillage weed management with a rye (Secale cereale) cover crop. Weed Technol. 11:473-477.

31- Zotarelli, L., L. Avila, J.M.S. Scholberg and B.J.R. Alves. 2009. Benefits of vetch and rye cover crops to sweet corn under no-tillage. Agron. J. 101:252-260.