An Analysis of the Social Status of Rural Women in The Ilkhanid Period Based on the Haas Village Cemetery Gravestones
Subject Areas : History & Archeology
Mehdi Kazempour
1
(Islamic Art University in Tabriz, Department of Archaeology, Tabriz, Iran.)
Keywords: rural women, Gravestone inscriptions, Ikhanid period, Has village,
Abstract :
The object of the present research was the analysis of the social status of rural women in the Ikhanid period based on the Haas village cemetery gravestones. 200 gravestones were intact which by non-probabilistic sampling procedure 20 gravestones that contained the maximum data on women professions were selected and studied. Concerning the object, the research was a qualitative with descriptive-analytical method. To obtain the data, in the initial stage, based on field studies, the necessary documentation such as photography, redesign and interpretation of inscriptions and motifs were proceeded. After presenting the descriptions and library information, the data were reviewed by analytical method. The results indicated that, with the arrival of the Mongols in Iran, the situation of women changed and they were able to play a freer role alongside men in the various society affairs. Historical sources as well as artistic evidence showed the prominent position of court women (especially the Ladies) in political and social relations, and no data were available about rural women of the period. Meanwhile, on the tombstones of Haas Cemetery, rural men and women were depicted who, during their lifetime, each held a job in a social position and had acquired a social status commensurate with their profession. This was recognizable by the type and dimensions of the tombstones, artistic techniques, inscriptions, motifs, as well as objects on the tombstone. Men in professions such as farmer, rancher, hunter, musician and servant, and women in “Varni” weaving (durries weaving), who played a prominent role in the livelihood of the society of that period, enjoyed a similar position with men.
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