Investigation and analysis of the rituals of Sama, solitude and Kharqah in Mesbah al-Hedayeh and Meftah al-Kefayah by Izz al-Din Kashani with an approach to the principle of utilitarianism

Subject Areas : Persian Language and Literature

Seyad mMomammad saedi ¹ , Masoud Kheradmandpour ² , ab maghamianzade ³ , amirmohammad Ardeshirzadeh ⁴

1 - Department of Persian Language and Literature, Dezful Branch, Islamic Azad University, Dezful, Iran
2 - Assistant Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Dezful Branch, Islamic Azad University, Dezful, Iran
3 - Assistant Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Dezful Branch, Islamic Azad University, Dezful, Iran
4 - Assistant Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Dezful Branch, Islamic Azad University, Dezful, Iran

Received: 2022-04-12 Accepted : 2022-11-22 Published : 2024-03-03

Keywords: Solitude, Kharqah, Mesbah al-Hedayeh and Meftah al-Kifayah, Sama, Keywords: Izz al-Din Kashani,

Abstract :

Islamic Sufism has a variety of rituals that are intended to bring a person to true happiness.Therefore, ina general view, all these rituals have major spiritual and cognitivebenefits.In Mesbah Al-Hedayeh's book, Izz al-Din Kashani discusses a number of mystical rituals and their beneficial aspects, among which listening, solitude, and cloaking seem to be moreprominent.Accordingly, in thepresent study, citing library sources and descriptive-analytical method, the mentioned Sufi practices are examinedand explored from the perspective of theprinciple of utilitarianism.The reason for choosing the theory of utilitarianism is its capacity to achieve an innovative analysis of Kashani's viewsThe results of the research showthat Kashani, like utilitarians, emphasizes the result of performing an action and does not simply consider the action itself good or bad. Also, the benefits of hearing are: providing part of the spiritual needs of the seekerElimination of the mental and physical condition of the seeker; Polishing of human existence; Creating love in the heart of the seeker; Revealer of divine secrets; Communicating the seeker with the world of divinity; Strengthen the stability and spiritual focus of the seeker.The main benefits of solitude are:enjoying and knowing the divine and spiritual sciences; Preserving the religion of the seeker; Keep the seeker away from internaland external dangers; Restraining the ego and directing it; Seekercommunication with God; Disregard for the world and mafias;Fellowship with God and the Prophet.The benefits of the cloak also include:making desirable changes in the seeker's habits; Achieving a profound internal transformation through the lens of external and external changes

References:

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