The study of factors affecting the level of fear of crime in residential neighborhoods, a study on scarcity trap theory (Case study: Ahwaz city)

Subject Areas : Architecture

Rostam Saberifar ¹ (Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran)

Received: 2022-03-01 Accepted : 2022-03-13 Published : 2022-03-21

Keywords: neighborhood variables, Ahwaz, Fear of crime, scarcity trap theory, residential neighborhoods,

Abstract :

This study seeks to determine which factors exacerbate the fear of crime and what components can limit or completely neglect this problem. This is a survey method that compares crime fears and their individual and neighborhood factors among Ahwaz neighborhoods. The data were collected from a sample of 4 residents of different areas of Ahwaz city using a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity and reliability were confirmed. The data were analyzed using SPSS software. The results showed that despite the different effects of the studied variables among different neighborhoods, among individual variables, gender had a significant relationship with fear of crime and women reported more fear of crime than men, And this was also the case for non-Arab ethnicity living in these areas. Other individual variables (age, education, income, and home ownership) had no significant relationship with fear of crime. On the other hand, neighborhood-related variables, including inattention, neighborhood attachment, neighborhood quality, and neighborhood crime perception were significantly associated with crime fear. In the multivariate regression, only the inferior variable entered the model and was able to explain 21% of the dependent variable changes. As in the findings of this study, witnessing vulgarism is one of the important factors in fear of crime. Thus, it seems that the satisfaction of the neighborhood decreases the fear of crime. Among the neighborhood related variables, neighborhood characteristics, sense of belonging to it, the view of people toward Police, and understanding of crime and vulgarism were reported to be meaningfully related to the fear of crime at all and worriment of crime against belongings and persons (not the sense of security). The point of view toward neighborhood and ownership of the home, did not show to have meaningful relationship with the fear of crime.

References:

1. احمدی، حبیب؛ سروش، مریم و افراسیابی، حسین (1388). ترس از جرم در مناطق جرم­خیز شهر شیراز. جامعه­شناسی کاربری، 34(3)، 80-65.


2. استادیان، ندا (1392). بررسی عوامل جرم قتل در شهر اهواز و راه های پیشگیری از آن. تهران: انتشارات حق گستر.


3. ایمانی، بهرام و رحمتی، منصور (1397). سنجش میزان احساس امنیت اجتماعی در مناطق روستایی(مورد مطالعه: روستاهای دهستان برادوست شهرستان ارومیه). پژوهش­نامه نظم و امنیت انتظامی، 15(3)، 84-57.


4. باپیری، امیدعلی؛ کمربیگی، خلیل و درویشی، فرزاد (1394). بررسی میزان احساس امنیت اجتماعی و برخی عوامل مرتبط با آن (مورد مطالعه: دانشجویان استان ایلام). مجله فرهنگ ایلام، 16(47)، 90-75.


5. حبیبی، صفر و معصوم­بیگی، مهدی (1395). راهبردهای ناجا در ارتقای امنیت عمومی با تاکید بر ظرفیت­های مردمی. پژوهش­نامه نظم و امنیت انتظامی، 9(49)، 144-121.


6. دربان­آستانه، علیرضا؛ عسگری، حشمت اله و قربانی، فاطمه (1392). تحلیل فضایی و پهنه‌بندی احساس امنیت روستاییان شهرستان شیروان و چرداول. فصلنامه دانشگاه گلستان، 3(9)، 126-105.


7. ربانی، رسول و ربیعی، کامران (1389). باز تولید اجتماع غریبه­ها، مورد محله­ی عرب­های ملک شهر اصفهان. بررسی مسائل اجتماعی ایران، 1(3)، 63-43.


8. ربانی خوراسگانی، رسول و همتی، رضا (1387). تببین جامعه­شناختی ترس از جرم، مطالعه موردی شهروندان زنجانی. جامعه­شناسی ایران، 9(34)، 88-58.


9. سلطانی، لیلا؛ بیک­محمدی، حسن و حیدری، سمیه (1395). تحلیل فضایی احساس امنیت در محلات مختلف شهری در شهر قدس پژوهش‌های راهبردی امنیت و نظم اجتماعی، 5(14)، 104-87.


10. سراج­زاده، حسین و گیلانی، اشرف (1388). بی­سازمانی اجتماعی و ترس از جرم، مطالعه مقایسه­ای مناطق 3 و 12 شهر تهران. رفاه اجتماعی، 9(34)، 244-223.


11. علی­خواه، فردین؛ نجیبی­ربیعی، پروین (1385). زنان و ترس از جرم در فضاهای شهری. رفاه اجتماعی، 6(22)، 131-106.


12. مدیری، آتوسا (1385). جرم و خشونت و احساس امنیت در فضاهای عمومی شهری. رفاه اجتماعی، 22، 28-11.


13. موحد، علی؛ مسعودی، ندا و دولتشاهی، صدیقه (1386). بررسی ابعاد اجتماعی و فرهنگی برای توانمندسازی بافت فرسوده شهری، مطالعه موردی محله نهضت آباد اهواز، اولین همایش بهسازی و نوسازی، مشهد، 20 و 21 آذر 1386.


14. میرحسینی، زهرا و صادقی فسایی، سهیلا(1390). بررسی عوامل موثر بر بزه دیدگی زنان شهر تهران. زن در توسعه و سیاست، 9(1)، 62-35.


15. نیکوکار، حمیدرضا؛ همت­پور، بهاره و غلامی، حسین(1399). ترس از جرم. تهران: انتشارات میزان.


16. Ackah, Y. (2020). Fear of Crime Among an Immigrant Population in the ashington DC Metropolitan Area. Journal of Black Studies, 30)1(: 553-573.


17. Ahmadi, H., Soroush, M. & Afrasiabi, H. (2012). Fear of crime in criminal areas of Shiraz. Applied Sociology, 34 (3), 80-65. (in Persian)


18. Alikhah, F. & Najibirbi, P. (2006). Women and fear of crime in urban areas. Social Welfare, 6 (22), 131-106. (in Persian)


19. Bapiri, O., Kamarbigi, K. & Darvishi, F. (2015). Assessing the feeling of social security and some related factors (Case study: students of Ilam province). Journal of Ilam Culture, 16 (47), 90-75. (in Persian)


20. Darbaneh Astaneh, A., Asgari, H. & Ghorbani, F. (2013). Spatial analysis and zoning of the sense of security of the villagers of Shirvan and Chardavol. Golestan University Quarterly, 3 (9), 126-105. (in Persian)


21. Downes D. & Rock P. (1998). Undrestanding Deviance. oxford: Oxford University Press.


22. Evans, D. & Fletcher, M. (2000). Fear of crime، testing alternative hypothesis. Applied Geography, 20 (1), 395- 411.


23. Habibi, S. & Masoom Beigi, M. (2015). NAJA strategies in promoting public safety with emphasis on people's capacities. Law Enforcement Order and Security, 9 (49), 144-121. (in Persian)


24. Haghighi, B. & Sorensen, J. (1996). American's fear of crime. Americans View Crime and Justice, 2, 16-30.


25. Hartangl, T. (1979). The perception and fear of crime، implication for neighborhood cohesion, social activity and community affects. Social Forces, 58 (1), 179-193.


26. Imani, B & Rahmati, M. (2018). Assessing the feeling of social security in rural areas (Case study: villages of Bradost rural district of Urmia city). Law Enforcement Order and Security, 15 (3), 84-57. (in Persian)


27. Lee, Y.J. (2008). Subjective quality of  life measurement in Taipei. Bulidin and Environment, 43, 1205-1215.


28. Liska, A., Lawrence, J. & Sanchirico, A. (1982). Fear of crime as asocial fact. Social Forces, 60 (2), 760- 770.


29. Mays, M. (2001). The Structural Determinants of Fear of Crime. Arlington: The University of Texas.


30. Mir Hosseini, Z. & Sadeghi Fasaei, S. (2011). Investigating the effective factors on female victimization in Tehran. Women in Development and Politics, 9 (1), 62-35. (in Persian)


31. Modiri, A. (2006). Crime and violence and a sense of security in urban public spaces. Social Welfare, 22, 28-11. (in Persian)


32. Movahed, A., Masoudi, N. & Dolatshahi, S. (2007). Investigating the social and cultural dimensions for empowering the worn-out urban fabric. The first conference on improvement and renovation, Mashhad, December 11 and 11, 2007. (in Persian)


33. Mullainathan, S. & Eldar, S. (2013). Scarcity. Macmillan: Times Books.


34. Nikokar, H., Hemmatpour, B. & Gholami, H. (2021). Fear of crime. Tehran: Mizan Publications. (in Persian)


35. Ostadian, N. (2013). Investigating the causes of murder in Ahvaz and ways to prevent it. Tehran: Hagh Gostar Publications. (in Persian)


36. Perkins, D. & Taylor, R. (1996). Ecological assessments of community disorder, Their relationship to fear of crime and theoretical implications. American Journal of Community Psychology, 24 (2), 63-107.


37. Rabbani Khorasgani, R. & Hemmati, R. (2009). Sociological explanation of fear of crime, a case study of Zanjani citizens. Sociology of Iran, 9 (34), 88-58. (in Persian)


38. Rabbani, R. & Rabiee, K. (2011). Reproduction of the community of strangers, the case of the Arab neighborhood of Malek in Isfahan. Study of Social Issues in Iran, 1 (3), 63-43. (in Persian)


39. Schafer, J., Huebner, T. & Bynum, T. (2006). Fear of crime and criminal victimization، gender-based contrasts. Criminal Justice, 34 (1), 285-301.


40. Sirajzadeh, H. & Gilani, A. (2009). Social Disorganization and Fear of Crime, A Comparative Study of Districts 3 and 12 of Tehran. Social Welfare, 9 (34), 244-223. (in Persian)


41. Skogan, W. (2019). Disorder and Decline, Crime and the Spiral of Decay in American Neighborhoods. New York: Free Press.


42. Soltani, L., Bik Mohammadi, H. & Heidari, S. (2015). Spatial analysis of the feeling of security in different urban areas in the city of Quds. Strategic Research, 5 (14), 104-87. (in Persian)


43. Taylor, R. B. (1996). Neighborhood responses to disorder and local attachment. Sociological Forum, 11 (1), 41-74.


44. Walklate, S. (1998). Crime and community. The British Journal of Sociology, 49 (1), 550-569.


45. Yin, P. (1985). Victimization of The Aged. New York: Springfield.