Develop Citeria for Evaluating the Performance of Grassroots Football Coaches Based on Exploratory Factor Analysis
Subject Areas : knowledge Management
Hesam Forghani Ozrudi
1
,
Mohammadbagher Forghani Ozrudi
2
,
Ali Yaghobi
3
,
Mohammadhosein Forghani Ozrudi
4
1 - Department of Sports Management, Arak University, Arak, Iran
2 - Department of Physical Education, Education, Babol, Iran
3 - Department of physical education, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology (BNUT), Babol, Iran
4 - Department of Physical Education, Shahid Rajaei University, Tehran, Iran
Keywords: coach, Performance Evaluation, Basic Football, Evaluation Criterias,
Abstract :
The purpose of the current research was to formulate performance evaluation criteria for basic football coaches based on exploratory factor analysis. The statistical population of this research was all the managers, coaches, players and experts of basic football in the country (about 3500 people). According to Morgan's table, the statistical sample of 346 people was randomly selected by stratification. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire with interviews of 15 university professors with experience in coaching basic football in 41 items and 12 factors on a five-point Likert scale, and its validity and reliability were confirmed by 10 university professors (α=0.79). Data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis and finally confirmatory were used to rank the factors and softwares of Lisrel & SPSS version 22. The data analysis showed that the respondents had a history of 12.84±6.18 years and 8.36±3.02 years in the basic soccer. The 12 Criterias of performance evaluation of basic soccer coaches in order of priority are: training style, coaching background and experience, coaching job responsibilities, psychological and student communication skills, creating a enjoyable training environment, ethical and behavioral characteristics, basic soccer knowledge, Partnering in identifying and nurturing talent, monitoring student performance and development, communicating with parents and carers, taking care of equipment, documenting athletes' information. It is recommended that Football Federation education officials use these Criterias to evaluate the performance of basic football coaches to provide the basis for future growth and prosperity of soccer learners based on scientific Criterias.
- Abdolmaleki, H., Mirzazadeh, Z., Allahyari, M., Ramezani, M. (2015). Identify and Analysis of Performance Evaluation Indicators of Iranian Goalball Coaches. Ann. Appl. Sport Sci, 3(3), 43-56.
- Ashjaei, M., Qasemi, H., Kashkar, S. (2012). Evaluating the Effective Factors on Development of the International Status of Karate in Iran during the Last Decade, and Offering Guidelines of the Experts. Journal of Research in Sports Life Sciences, 2(6), 87-102. (Persian)
- Barth, A.L., DeBeer, W. (2018). Performance Management Process: Evaluation. In Performance Management Success (pp. 101-106)., Springer, Cham.
- Bhavsar, N., Ntoumanis, N., Quested, E., Gucciardi, D. F., Thøgersen-Ntoumani, C., Ryan, R. M., ... & Bartholomew, K. J. (2019). Conceptualizing and testing a new tripartite measure of coach interpersonal behaviors. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 44, 107-120.
- Barber, H., Eckrich, J. (1998). Methods and criteria employed in the evaluation of intercollegiate coaches. Journal of Sport Management, 12, 301-22.
- Boardley, I.D. (2018). Coaching efficacy research: learning from the past and looking to the future. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 11(1), 214-227.
- Brendao, M.R.F., Casal, H.M.V., Machado, A.A., Rebustini, F., Agresta, M., Ribeiro, F.A. (2004). Soccer, international sport and national identity: a comparison between Brazil & Japan. R. bras. Ci e Mov, 12(1), 57-62.
- Bush, M.W., Bennett, J.L. (2018). Organization Development in Action: Values-Based Coaching. In Enacting Values-Based Change (pp. 239-263), Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.
- De Haan, E., Molyn, J., & Nilsson, V. O. (2020). New findings on the effectiveness of the coaching relationship: Time to think differently about active ingredients? Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 72(3), 155-
- Dowling, M., Mackintosh, C., Lee, S., & Allen, J. (2021). Community sport development: managing change and measuring impact. Managing Sport and Leisure, 26, 1-2,
- Duncan, M. J., Weldon, A., Barnett, L. M., & Lander, N. (2022). Perceptions and practices of fundamental movement skills in grassroots soccer coaches. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 17479541211073547.
- Goldman, D. E., Turnnidge, J., Kelly, A. L., deVos, J., & Côté, J. (2021). Athlete Perceptions of Playing-Up in Youth Soccer. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 1-46.
- Hemmatinejad, M.A., Ramezani Nejad, R. (2020). Monitoring and Evaluation in Physical Education and Sports, Sixth Edition, Rasht: North Paydar Publishing. (Persian)
- Karami, K., Salimi, M., Soltan Hosseini, M. (2019). Definition and Implementation of the Combined Model of BSC-DEA in the Sport Boards’ Performance Evaluation and Ranking. Sport Management Studies, 11(54), 205-242. (Persian)
- Khosravizadeh, E., Haghdadi, A. (2010). Determining Important Factors in the Quality of Sport Tourism Packages in Iran. Journal of Sport Management, 2(4), 137-155. (Persian)
- Kornspan, A.S. (2018). Fundamentals of sport and exercise psychology. Human Kinetics, 1, 164.
- Martens, R. (2017). Successful Instructor, translated by Reza Soheili et al., 2ed edition, Mashhad: Astan Quds Razavi Publishing. (Persian)
- McGahey, P. J., & Pierro, P. S. (2022). Grassroots Coaching: Using Sports Psychology and Coaching Principles Effectively. Rowman & Littlefield.
- Memari, Z., Hamidi, M., Asghari Jafarabadi, M. (2013). Exploratory Study of Iranian Elite Sport Coach Evaluation Criteria. Sport Management Studies, 5(20), 97-126. (Persian)
- Monazami, A., Soukhte Zari, S., Hadadi, F., Rostami Nejad, M., Goudarzi, M., Ashrafi Hafez, A. (2013). The codification of criteria for selecting national Volleyball coaches. Applied Research in Sport Management, 2(2), 109-118. (Persian)
- Montazeri, A., Talebpour, M., Feizi, S. (2017). Construction and Validation of Sport Coaches Competencies Questionnaire. Sport Management Studies, 9(41), 147-170. (Persian)
- Myers, N.D., Jin, Y. (2013). Exploratory structural equation modeling and coaching competency”. In P. Potrac, W. Gilbert, & J. Dennison (Eds.). Routledge handbook of sports coaching, London: Routledge. 81-95.
- Myers, N.D., Wolfe, E.W., Maier, K.S., Feltz, D.L., Reckase, M.D. (2006). Extending validity evidence for multidimensional measures of coaching competency. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 77(4), 451-63.
- Newman, N.D., Weiss, W.M. (2018). Relationship between demographic variables and collegiate athletes’ perceptions of social support from head coaches. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 13(3), 343-348.
- Nickson, D. (2021). Human-Resource-Management. MPG Books Ltd. Bodmin, Cornwall.
- Oatley, C., & Harris, K. (2020). How, and why, does participatory evaluation work for actors involved in the delivery of a sport-for-development initiative? Managing Sport and Leisure, 1-20.
- O’Gorman, J., Fitzpatrick, D., Sibley, J., Hindmarsh, M., Saskova, Z., & Parnell, D. (2018). Contemporary issues in the management of grassroots football. In Routledge Handbook of Football Business and Management (pp. 56-70). Routledge.
- Papailiou, D., Kipreos, G., Travlos, A.K., Strigas, E. (2015a). Coaching Evaluation, Coaching Environment and Environmental Criteria that Influence Coaching Performance: An Overview. Sch. J. Arts. Humanit. Soc. Sci., 3(6), 1174-1177.
- Papailiou, D., Strigas, E., Travlos, A.K., Kipreos, G. (2015b). The influence of the social context and the coaching environment on the coaching process and performance evaluation. Scholars Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences, 3(6), 1115-1119.
- Papailiou, D., Kipreos, G., Travlos, A.K., Strigas, E. (2015c). Adaptation of the scale of coaching performance (SCP) to the Greek athletic system. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 6(6), 232.
- Peng, Y., Ming, L. (2011). Evaluation Index System on Performance Management of Universities High-Level Wushu. 7th International Conference on Innovation & management.
- Potrac, P., Nelson, L., & O'Gorman, J. (2018). Exploring the everyday realities of grass-roots football coaching: towards a relational perspective. In Junior and Youth Grassroots Football Culture (pp. 118-134). Routledge.
- Ramezaninejad, R., Rezai Soufi, M., Khosravi, A., Mallaie, M. (2013). The Comparison of Performance Evaluation Indicators of Club Coaches from Experts, Athletes and Coaches' Viewpoints. Journal of Sport Management, 5(2), 191-214. (Persian)
- Ramezaninezhad, R., Sahebkaran, M. (2015). The Performance Evaluation’s Indicators of Volleyball Head Coaches In Iran Premier League. Sport Management Studies, 7(33), 15-32. (Persian)
- Ramezani nezhad, R., Sahebkaran, M., Aghaei khaligh, I., Ardmeh, M., Akbar, M. (2014). Factor analysis of performance evaluation indicators coaches women's volleyball Premier League Iran. Scientific Journal Of Organizational Behavior Management in Sport Studies, 1(2), 11-24. (Persian)
- Reddy, L. A., Lekwa, A., & Shernoff, E. (2021). Comparison of the Effects of Coaching for General and Special Education Teachers in High-Poverty Urban Elementary Schools. Journal of learning disabilities, 54(1), 36-53.
- Rizvandi, A., Taghipour Gharbi, M., Esmaeili, M., & Ashraf Ganjoee, F. (2019). The Evaluation of Performance Indicators of Coaches in Football Development. Journal of Humanities Insights, 3(04), 248-254.
- Rohani, M., Talebpour, M., Ramezaninejad, R., Benar, N. (2013). The Factor Analysis of Performance Evaluation’s Indicators of Soccer Coaches in Iran Premier League. Applied Research in Sport Management, 2(1), 35-48. (Persian)
- Rossing, N. N., Mogensen, C. G., Pedersen, M. M., & Martin, L. J. (2022). Coincidence and conditions: An in-depth case study of a successful age group within a grassroots football club. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 34(3), 585-604.
- Sahebkaran, M., Ramzaninejad, R., Shavandi, N., Sadeghi, M., Riehani, M. (2016). The Performance Evaluation Indicators in Female Volleyball Coaches of Iran. Sport Physiology & Management Investigations, 8(1), 89-104. (Persian)
- Santos S, Mesquita I, Graça A, Rosado A. (2010). Coaches’ perceptions of competence and acknowledgement of training needs related to professional competences. Journal of sports science & medicine, 9(1), 62.
- Shafiee, M., Khandel, M., Kasabparast, M. (2010). Comparison of performance evaluation criteria of university team coaches from the perspective of managers and coaches of Islamic Azad University. Journal of Sports Science, 2 (4), 117-131. (Persian)
- Smith, W. C., & Kubacka, K. (2017). The emphasis of student test scores in teacher appraisal systems. Education policy analysis archives, 25, 86.
- Soleimani-damaneh, J., Nejad Sajadi, S., Salimi, M. (2017). Identifying and prioritizing the performance evaluation indices of Iranian directorates of sports and youth from the experts’ viewpoints using the AHP model. Sport Management and Development, 6(1), 53-65. (Persian)
- Szabo, A.S. (2012). What is the meaning of sport coaching? Expectations, possibilities, realities. Sport Scientific & Practical Aspects, 9(2), 39-44.
- York, R. (2015). Measuring and evaluating coaching performance using a 360° feedback process: a development and pilot study” (No. MAppSci). Deakin University.
- Abdolmaleki, H., Mirzazadeh, Z., Allahyari, M., Ramezani, M. (2015). Identify and Analysis of Performance Evaluation Indicators of Iranian Goalball Coaches. Ann. Appl. Sport Sci, 3(3), 43-56.
- Ashjaei, M., Qasemi, H., Kashkar, S. (2012). Evaluating the Effective Factors on Development of the International Status of Karate in Iran during the Last Decade, and Offering Guidelines of the Experts. Journal of Research in Sports Life Sciences, 2(6), 87-102. (Persian)
- Barth, A.L., DeBeer, W. (2018). Performance Management Process: Evaluation. In Performance Management Success (pp. 101-106)., Springer, Cham.
- Bhavsar, N., Ntoumanis, N., Quested, E., Gucciardi, D. F., Thøgersen-Ntoumani, C., Ryan, R. M., ... & Bartholomew, K. J. (2019). Conceptualizing and testing a new tripartite measure of coach interpersonal behaviors. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 44, 107-120.
- Barber, H., Eckrich, J. (1998). Methods and criteria employed in the evaluation of intercollegiate coaches. Journal of Sport Management, 12, 301-22.
- Boardley, I.D. (2018). Coaching efficacy research: learning from the past and looking to the future. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 11(1), 214-227.
- Brendao, M.R.F., Casal, H.M.V., Machado, A.A., Rebustini, F., Agresta, M., Ribeiro, F.A. (2004). Soccer, international sport and national identity: a comparison between Brazil & Japan. R. bras. Ci e Mov, 12(1), 57-62.
- Bush, M.W., Bennett, J.L. (2018). Organization Development in Action: Values-Based Coaching. In Enacting Values-Based Change (pp. 239-263), Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.
- De Haan, E., Molyn, J., & Nilsson, V. O. (2020). New findings on the effectiveness of the coaching relationship: Time to think differently about active ingredients? Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 72(3), 155-
- Dowling, M., Mackintosh, C., Lee, S., & Allen, J. (2021). Community sport development: managing change and measuring impact. Managing Sport and Leisure, 26, 1-2,
- Duncan, M. J., Weldon, A., Barnett, L. M., & Lander, N. (2022). Perceptions and practices of fundamental movement skills in grassroots soccer coaches. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 17479541211073547.
- Goldman, D. E., Turnnidge, J., Kelly, A. L., deVos, J., & Côté, J. (2021). Athlete Perceptions of Playing-Up in Youth Soccer. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 1-46.
- Hemmatinejad, M.A., Ramezani Nejad, R. (2020). Monitoring and Evaluation in Physical Education and Sports, Sixth Edition, Rasht: North Paydar Publishing. (Persian)
- Karami, K., Salimi, M., Soltan Hosseini, M. (2019). Definition and Implementation of the Combined Model of BSC-DEA in the Sport Boards’ Performance Evaluation and Ranking. Sport Management Studies, 11(54), 205-242. (Persian)
- Khosravizadeh, E., Haghdadi, A. (2010). Determining Important Factors in the Quality of Sport Tourism Packages in Iran. Journal of Sport Management, 2(4), 137-155. (Persian)
- Kornspan, A.S. (2018). Fundamentals of sport and exercise psychology. Human Kinetics, 1, 164.
- Martens, R. (2017). Successful Instructor, translated by Reza Soheili et al., 2ed edition, Mashhad: Astan Quds Razavi Publishing. (Persian)
- McGahey, P. J., & Pierro, P. S. (2022). Grassroots Coaching: Using Sports Psychology and Coaching Principles Effectively. Rowman & Littlefield.
- Memari, Z., Hamidi, M., Asghari Jafarabadi, M. (2013). Exploratory Study of Iranian Elite Sport Coach Evaluation Criteria. Sport Management Studies, 5(20), 97-126. (Persian)
- Monazami, A., Soukhte Zari, S., Hadadi, F., Rostami Nejad, M., Goudarzi, M., Ashrafi Hafez, A. (2013). The codification of criteria for selecting national Volleyball coaches. Applied Research in Sport Management, 2(2), 109-118. (Persian)
- Montazeri, A., Talebpour, M., Feizi, S. (2017). Construction and Validation of Sport Coaches Competencies Questionnaire. Sport Management Studies, 9(41), 147-170. (Persian)
- Myers, N.D., Jin, Y. (2013). Exploratory structural equation modeling and coaching competency”. In P. Potrac, W. Gilbert, & J. Dennison (Eds.). Routledge handbook of sports coaching, London: Routledge. 81-95.
- Myers, N.D., Wolfe, E.W., Maier, K.S., Feltz, D.L., Reckase, M.D. (2006). Extending validity evidence for multidimensional measures of coaching competency. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 77(4), 451-63.
- Newman, N.D., Weiss, W.M. (2018). Relationship between demographic variables and collegiate athletes’ perceptions of social support from head coaches. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 13(3), 343-348.
- Nickson, D. (2021). Human-Resource-Management. MPG Books Ltd. Bodmin, Cornwall.
- Oatley, C., & Harris, K. (2020). How, and why, does participatory evaluation work for actors involved in the delivery of a sport-for-development initiative? Managing Sport and Leisure, 1-20.
- O’Gorman, J., Fitzpatrick, D., Sibley, J., Hindmarsh, M., Saskova, Z., & Parnell, D. (2018). Contemporary issues in the management of grassroots football. In Routledge Handbook of Football Business and Management (pp. 56-70). Routledge.
- Papailiou, D., Kipreos, G., Travlos, A.K., Strigas, E. (2015a). Coaching Evaluation, Coaching Environment and Environmental Criteria that Influence Coaching Performance: An Overview. Sch. J. Arts. Humanit. Soc. Sci., 3(6), 1174-1177.
- Papailiou, D., Strigas, E., Travlos, A.K., Kipreos, G. (2015b). The influence of the social context and the coaching environment on the coaching process and performance evaluation. Scholars Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences, 3(6), 1115-1119.
- Papailiou, D., Kipreos, G., Travlos, A.K., Strigas, E. (2015c). Adaptation of the scale of coaching performance (SCP) to the Greek athletic system. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 6(6), 232.
- Peng, Y., Ming, L. (2011). Evaluation Index System on Performance Management of Universities High-Level Wushu. 7th International Conference on Innovation & management.
- Potrac, P., Nelson, L., & O'Gorman, J. (2018). Exploring the everyday realities of grass-roots football coaching: towards a relational perspective. In Junior and Youth Grassroots Football Culture (pp. 118-134). Routledge.
- Ramezaninejad, R., Rezai Soufi, M., Khosravi, A., Mallaie, M. (2013). The Comparison of Performance Evaluation Indicators of Club Coaches from Experts, Athletes and Coaches' Viewpoints. Journal of Sport Management, 5(2), 191-214. (Persian)
- Ramezaninezhad, R., Sahebkaran, M. (2015). The Performance Evaluation’s Indicators of Volleyball Head Coaches In Iran Premier League. Sport Management Studies, 7(33), 15-32. (Persian)
- Ramezani nezhad, R., Sahebkaran, M., Aghaei khaligh, I., Ardmeh, M., Akbar, M. (2014). Factor analysis of performance evaluation indicators coaches women's volleyball Premier League Iran. Scientific Journal Of Organizational Behavior Management in Sport Studies, 1(2), 11-24. (Persian)
- Reddy, L. A., Lekwa, A., & Shernoff, E. (2021). Comparison of the Effects of Coaching for General and Special Education Teachers in High-Poverty Urban Elementary Schools. Journal of learning disabilities, 54(1), 36-53.
- Rizvandi, A., Taghipour Gharbi, M., Esmaeili, M., & Ashraf Ganjoee, F. (2019). The Evaluation of Performance Indicators of Coaches in Football Development. Journal of Humanities Insights, 3(04), 248-254.
- Rohani, M., Talebpour, M., Ramezaninejad, R., Benar, N. (2013). The Factor Analysis of Performance Evaluation’s Indicators of Soccer Coaches in Iran Premier League. Applied Research in Sport Management, 2(1), 35-48. (Persian)
- Rossing, N. N., Mogensen, C. G., Pedersen, M. M., & Martin, L. J. (2022). Coincidence and conditions: An in-depth case study of a successful age group within a grassroots football club. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 34(3), 585-604.
- Sahebkaran, M., Ramzaninejad, R., Shavandi, N., Sadeghi, M., Riehani, M. (2016). The Performance Evaluation Indicators in Female Volleyball Coaches of Iran. Sport Physiology & Management Investigations, 8(1), 89-104. (Persian)
- Santos S, Mesquita I, Graça A, Rosado A. (2010). Coaches’ perceptions of competence and acknowledgement of training needs related to professional competences. Journal of sports science & medicine, 9(1), 62.
- Shafiee, M., Khandel, M., Kasabparast, M. (2010). Comparison of performance evaluation criteria of university team coaches from the perspective of managers and coaches of Islamic Azad University. Journal of Sports Science, 2 (4), 117-131. (Persian)
- Smith, W. C., & Kubacka, K. (2017). The emphasis of student test scores in teacher appraisal systems. Education policy analysis archives, 25, 86.
- Soleimani-damaneh, J., Nejad Sajadi, S., Salimi, M. (2017). Identifying and prioritizing the performance evaluation indices of Iranian directorates of sports and youth from the experts’ viewpoints using the AHP model. Sport Management and Development, 6(1), 53-65. (Persian)
- Szabo, A.S. (2012). What is the meaning of sport coaching? Expectations, possibilities, realities. Sport Scientific & Practical Aspects, 9(2), 39-44.
- York, R. (2015). Measuring and evaluating coaching performance using a 360° feedback process: a development and pilot study” (No. MAppSci). Deakin University.