Human-Animal Coexistence in Epipalaeolithic and Neolithic Burials in the Fertile Crescent

Subject Areas : Prehistoric Archaeology

Mohsen Sangbargan ¹ , Mohammad Hossein Rezaei ²

1 - university nyshbur
2 - Department of History, Shiraz University, Shiraz. iran.

Received: 2024-09-12 Accepted : 2024-11-04 Published : 2025-02-07

Keywords: Human Animal burial, Neolithic, Epipalaeolithic, Fertile Crescent,

Abstract :

Burials are among the most significant findings in archaeological excavations. Unlike many archaeological artifacts whose placements are often incidental, the deliberate positioning of items within burials reflects the underlying intentions that can shed light on the beliefs and living conditions of past human societies. The inclusion of animals in human burials has been a prevalent funerary practice since the Epipaleolithic and Neolithic periods in the Fertile Crescent, carrying profound implications for ancient worldviews. This study aims to examine and introduce this burial practice, its inception, its relationship with animal domestication, and the hidden meanings behind its prevalence, such as connections to shamanism or ritual symbolism. This research was conducted through a comprehensive literature review. The findings indicate that the methods and traditions of animal burial, as well as the types of animals chosen to accompany humans in burials, varied across different regions and periods, influenced by diverse perspectives. These included both carnivorous and herbivorous animals. Additionally, the presence of animals capable of domestication in burials signifies a strong bond between humans and animals, likely associated with the onset of domestication processes. Beyond the discovery of complete animal remains in some graves, parts of animals were buried alongside humans as offerings to the deceased. In some instances, there are also indications of symbolic connections between humans, animals, and shamanism in both human and animal burials.

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