• Home
  • Saliency Cognition of Urban Monuments Based on Verbal Descriptions of Mental-Spatial Representations (Case Study: Urban Monuments in Qazvin)

Share To

Article Url


Manuscript ID : SOIJ-2005-1348 (R2) Visit : 193 Page: 9 - 24

20.1001.1.23456450.2020.9.2.2.6

Article Type: Original Research

Saliency Cognition of Urban Monuments Based on Verbal Descriptions of Mental-Spatial Representations (Case Study: Urban Monuments in Qazvin)

Subject Areas : Space Ontology International Journal

Asieh Sameh 1 , Armin Bahramian 2 , Mohsen Faizi 3

1 - Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture & Urban Design, Art University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
2 - Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture & Urban Design, Art University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
3 - School of Architecture & Environmental Design, Iran University of Science & Technology, Tehran, Iran

Received: 2020-05-18 Accepted : 2020-08-19 Published : 2020-06-01

Keywords:

Abstract :

References:


  1. Al-Hinkawi, W. (2016). The Impact of Contemporary Monument Buildings on Urban Context Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf - Case Study. The journal of engineering and technology. 34.
    2.
  2. Antonova, N. Grunt, E. Merenkov, A (2017). Monuments in the Structure of an Urban Environment: The Source of Social Memory and the Marker of the Urban Space. DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/245/6/062029.
    3.
  3. Assmann, A. (2009) “Plugging into nothingness”: The Politics of Cultural Memory, in Moment to Monument: The Making and Unmaking of Cultural Significance. Transcript Verlag, Berlin: 35-51.
    4.
  4. Barsalou, J. & V. Baxter. (2007). The Urge to Remember: The Role of Memorials in Social Reconstruction and Transitional Justice. United Institutes of Peace. Retrieved March 3, 2008.
    5.
  5. Burnett, G. (2000). "Turn Right at the Traffic Lights" The Requirements for Landmarks in Vehicle Navigation Systems. The Journal of Navigation, 53(3), 499- 510.
    6.
  6. Burnett, G., Smith, D., & May, A. (2001). Supporting the Navigation Task: Characteristics of 'Good' Landmarks. In Contemporary Ergonomics (pp. 441-446). London: Taylor and Francis.
    7.
  7. Caduff, D. & Timpf, S. (2008). On The Assessment of Landmark Salience for Human Navigation. DOI:10.1007/s10339-007-0199-2.
    8.
  8. Chang PL, Hsu CW, Chang PC. (2011). Fuzzy Delphi method for evaluating hydrogen production technologies. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy; 14172–9.
    9.
  9. Cheng, J. H., Lee, C. M. & Tang, C.H. (2009). An Application of Fuzzy Delphi and Fuzzy AHP on Evaluating Wafer Supplier in Semiconductor Industry. WSEAS Transactions on Information Science and Applications, 6 (5), 756-767.
    10.
  10. Choay, F. (2001).The Invention of the Historic Monument, Cambridge Press University.
    11.
  11. Clark, E. (2017). Making rent gap theory not true. Albet, A. and Benach, N. (eds.) Gentrification as a Global Strategy: Neil Smith and Beyond. Routledge.
    12.
  12. Cohn, D. (2004). “N.Y. Firm Will Design “Complement” to Wall; Center to House Vietnam Artifacts,” The Washington Post, B01, September 18.
    13.
  13. Couclelis, H., Golledge, R.G., Gale, N., Tobler, W. (1987). Exploring the anchor point hypothesis of spatial cognition. J. Environ. Psychol. 7(2), 99–122.
    14.
  14. Davoudian, N. (2011) Visual saliency of urban objects at night: Impact of the density of background light patterns. DOI: 10.1582/LEUKOS.2011.08.02.004.
    15.
  15. Davoudian, N. (2017) Background lighting clutters: how do they affect visual saliency of urban objects? International Journal of Design Creativity and Innovation, DOI: 10.1080/21650349.2016.1182073.
    16.
  16. Duckham, M. Winter, S, Robinson, M. (2010). Including landmarks in routing instructions. J. Locat. Based Serv. 4, 28–52.
    17.
  17. Edensor, T.  (2000). ‘Staging Tourism: Tourists as Performers’, Annals of Tourism Research 27:322–4.
    18.
  18. Elias, B. (2003a). Determination of landmarks and reliability criteria for landmarks. Fifth Workshop on Progress in Automated Map Generalization. ICA Commission on Map Generalization, IGN, Paris.
    19.
  19. Elias, B. (2003b). Extracting landmarks with data mining methods. In International conference on spatial information theory, COSIT 2003. Springer, pp 375–389.
    20.
  20. Elias, B. Sester, M.(2006). Incorporating  landmarks  with  quality  measures  in  routing  procedures. In Geographic Information Science 2006; Springer: Berlin, Germany; Volume 4197, pp. 65–80.
    21.
  21. Elliott, C. (1964) ‘Monuments and Monumentality’. Journal of Architectural Education 18(4):51-53.
    22.
  22. Emanuel, L.  (1997) ‘An Investigation of Visitor and Resident Place Perception of Mid-Wales’.  Leisure Studies 20:1999-2014.
    23.
  23. Engels, T. C. E. & Powell Kennedy, H. (2007) “Enhancing a Delphi study on family-focused prevention” in Technological Forecasting and Social Change 74(4), 433–51.
    24.
  24. Eshraghi, E. (2011). Historical City of Qazvin. Historical Sciences Studies. 3(2). Fall and Winter. Series 4. 1-16.
    25.
  25. Fakouhi, N. (2012). City, Life, Beauty. Internal Publication of Tehran Beautification Organization. Deputy of Planning and Development. 1(4).
    26.
  26. Fowkes, R.  (2002). Monumental Sculpture in post-war Eastern Europe 1945-1960, (Doctoral thesis, University of Essex June 2002) p.338.
    27.
  27. Galler, I. (2002) Identification of landmarks in 3D city models. Institute for Cartography and Geographic Information.Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, diploma thesis.
    28.
  28. Ghariba, B. Shehata, M.S. McGuire, P. (2019). Visual Saliency Prediction Based on Deep Learning. Information, 10, 257.
    29.
  29. Hasson, F. & Keeney, S. (2011). Enhancing rigour in the Delphi technique research. Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 78, 1695–1704.
    30.
  30. Habibi, S. Mohsen (2010); The Story of City, Tehran, Symbol of the New Iranian City (with emphasis on the period 1920-1953) in collaboration with Mohammad Saleh shokohi bidhendi, Tehran: Tehran University Press.
    31.
  31. Habibi. S. Mohsen & Maghsoodi. M (2014).“Urban Renovation”. 7th edn. University of Tehran Press.
    32.
  32. Hauthal, E. and Burghardt, D. (2013). Extraction of location-based emotions from photo platforms. In Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography, pages 3-28. Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
    33.
  33. Hegarty, M., Montello, D. R., Richardson, A. E., Ishikawa, T., & Lovelace, K. (2006). Spatial abilities at different scales: Individual differences in aptitude-test performance and spatial-layout learning. DOI:10.1016/j.intell.2005.09.005.
    34.
  34. Igwe, J.; Iweka, A.; Ogunbodede, B. (2008). Architecture: The Quest for Cultural Identity, ARCON Architects’ Colloquium, First Edition, April p. 225-235.
    35.
  35. Jain S., Jigyasu R. (2019) Urban Heritage Conservation and Management in Jaipur,  DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-8887-2_15.
    36.
  36. Ja'fari, N., Montazer, Gh. (2008). Using Fuzzy Delphi Method to Determine the Iranian Tax Policies. Quarterly Journal of Economic Research. 3(1). Spring.
    37.
  37. Kalmár, M. (2009)  ‘Historic monuments as landmarks’. Épités-Épitészettudomány 37 (3-4):311-332.
    38.
  38. Kay, J.H. (2002). Making Memorials, Sealing Memories: Healing for Times Past and Present. Retrieved October 13.
    39.
  39. Kaufmann, A., M. M. Gupta.(1988). Fuzzy Mathematical Models in Engineering and Management Science. Elsevier Science Inc., New York.
    40.
  40. Keshavarz Ghorabaee, M. Amiri, M. Salehi Sadaghiani, J. et al. (2014). Multiple criteria group decision-making for supplier selection based on COPRAS method with interval type-2 fuzzy sets. DOI:10.1007/s00170-014-6142.
    41.
  41. Kimchi, J, Polivka, B. & Stevenson, J. (1991) Triangulation: operational definitions. Nursing Research, 40 (6), pp.364-366.
    42.
  42. Khular, A. (1985). Cognitive Process in the perception of the environment: :A  Framework   for  study  of  legibility  in  small  urban  spaces, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
    43.
  43. Klippel, A., Montello, D.R (2007). Linguistic and non-linguistic turn direction concepts. In Spatial Information Theory, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 4736, pp. 354–372. Springer, Berlin.
    44.
  44. Klippel, A. & Winter S. (2005). Structural Salience of Landmarks for Route Directions. In Spatial Information Theory (pp. 347-362). Berlin: Springer.  DOI:10.1007/11556114_22.
    45.
  45. Knauff, M, Rauh, R, & Renz. J. (1997). A cognitive assessment of topological spatial relations: Results from an empirical investigation. In Spatial Information Theory, volume 1329, pages 193–206. Springer, Berlin.
    46.
  46. Kobus, J. and Westner, M (2016). Ranking-type delphi studies in IS research: step-by-step guide and analytical extension. IADIS Int. Conf. Inf. Syst, 28–38.
    47.
  47. Krzyżanowska, N. (2016) The discourse of counter-monuments: semiotics of material commemoration in contemporary urban spaces; DOI: 10.1080/10350330.2015.1096132.
    48.
  48. Kumar, et al. (2018). Improving Landmark Recognition using Saliency detection and Feature classification.
    49.
  49. Kumar, S Praveen. (2014). Monuments for the Development of Tourism. 1. 87-94.
    50.
  50. Landscapes. (2010). Kiel Graduate School “Human Development in Landscapes”, Proceedings of the International Workshop “Socio-Environmental Dynamics of the last 12,000 Years: The creation of landscapes (1st–4th April 2009)”.
    51.
  51. Lazem, S. Y., & Sheta, W. M. (2005). Automatic Landmark Identification in Large Virtual Environment: A Spatial Data Mining Approach. Paper presented at the Ninth International Conference on Information Visualisation.
    52.
  52. Lee, P.U., Tappe, H., Klippel, A. (2002). Acquisition of landmark knowledge from static and dynamic presentation of route maps. In: 24th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society. George Mason University, Virginia.
    53.
  53. Lincoln, Y. S. & E. G. Guba (1985). Naturalistic inquiry, Beverlyhills, CA, Sage.
    54.
  54. MacCannell, D.  (1976)  The Tourist.  New York: Schocken.
    55.
  55. Manning, C.D. P. Raghavan, H. Schütze, et al. (2008). Introduction to information retrieval, volume 1. Cambridge University Press Cambridge.
    56.
  56. Mas'oodi Asl, B., Farzin, A.A., Barati, N. (2016). Popularity of Martyrs' Monuments: Evaluating Social Success of Plans by the Foundation of Martyrs. Manzar Journal. 34. 118-125.
    57.
  57. McCallum, B. (1993). Preserving Memory: A Study of Monuments and Memorials. Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute. Retrieved March 2, 2008.
    58.
  58. McIntosh, A (2014). “It was the heart of the town”: two public monuments, cultural memory and oral histories in Walkden and Hastings.
    59.
  59. Mehrabani Golzar, R., Khamseh Ashari, A.A. (2016). Memorial View of War: from Realism to Metaphor. Manzar Journal. 34. 68-81.
    60.
  60. Murray, T. J. L. L. Pipino, and J. P. van Gigch. (1922). A pilot study of fuzzy set modification of Delphi. Human Systems Management, 2 (1 ): 52-20.
    61.
  61. Muffato, V. & Meneghetti, C.H (2020). Learning a Path from Real Navigation: The Advantage of Initial View, Cardinal North and Visuo-Spatial Ability; DOI:10.3390/brainsci10040204.
    62.
  62. Nelson, V.  (2005) ‘Representation and Images of People, Place and Nature in Grenada’s Tourism’.  Geografiska Analer B 87(2):131-143.
    63.
  63. Nora, P. (1984‐1992) (Ed.), Les Lieux de Mémoire, Gallimard Paris, 4 Volumes, 1984‐1992, University of Chicago Press.
    64.
  64. Nothegger, C.; Winter, S.; Raubal, M.(2004). Selection of salient features for route directions. Spat. Cogn. Comput, 4, 113–136.
    65.
  65. Okoli, C. and Pawlowski, S. D (2004). The Delphi method as a research Tool: an example, design considerations and applications. DOI:10.1016/j.im.2003.11.002.
    66.
  66. Oxforddictionaries(2019).https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/landmark.
    67.
  67. Paré, G, Cameron, A. F, Poba-Nzaou, P. and Templier, M, (2013). A systematic assessment of rigor in information systems rankingtype Delphi studies. DOI:10.1016/j.im.2013.03.003.
    68.
  68. Parzadeh, S. (2014). Monumental Architecture and its Cultural Origin. International Congress on Sustainability in Architecture and Urbanism, Masdar City.
    69.
  69. Pavlaković, V & Bădescu, G. (2019). Urban Monuments and the Spatialization of National Ideologies. DOI: 10.4324/9781315211633-16.
    70.
  70. Pazzaglia, F., Meneghetti, C. (2012). Spatial text processing in relation to spatial abilities and spatial styles. J. Cognit. Psychol. 24(8), 972–980.
    71.
  71. Pour Ahmad, A. et al. (2018). Developing a Strategic Plan for Development of Qazvin, with an Emphasis on the Role of Cultural Factors. Journal of Studies on Iranian-Islamic City. 9(33). 65-73.
    72.
  72. Pour Ezzat, A.A., Bigdeli, S., Sa'd Abadi, A.A. (2013). Prioritizing Issues in Developing a Public Policy Agenda. Journal of Political Knowledge. 9(18). Fall and Winter 2013. 5-28.
    73.
  73. Pour Ja'far, M.R., Bemaniyan, M.R., Taghvayi, A.A., Montazerol Hojjah, M. (2011). An Introduction to Physical Typology of Urban Signs in Citizens' Perceptual Maps (A Case Study: Yazd); Journal of Architecture and Urban Planning. Fall and Winter (2011). 4(7). 129-145.
    74.
  74. Pour Ja'far, M.R. et al. (2011). Phenomenology of Identity and Location in Historical Contexts. Journal of Studies on Iranian-Islamic City. 3.
    75.
  75. Pour Ja'far, M.R., Montazerol Hojjah, M. (2010). Urban Landmarks: Definition, Typology, Location, Planning and Design Tehran: Tahan.
    76.
  76. Quesnot, T & Roche S. (2015), Measure of Landmark Semantic Salience through Geosocial Data Streams;  DOI: 10.3390/ijgi4010001.
    77.
  77. Raubal, M., Winter, S. (2002). Enriching wayfinding instructions with local landmarks. In Geographic Information Science, vol. 2478, pp. 243–259.
    78.
  78. Renz, R. Rauh, and M. Knauff (2000). Towards cognitive adequacy of topological spatial relations. In Spatial Cognition II, volume 1849, pages 184–197.
    79.
  79. Reynolds, D. (1996) Remove Not the Ancient Landmark: Public Monuments and Moral Values. Amsterdam: Overseas Publishers Association.
    80.
  80. Richter, K.F.; Klippel, A. (2007). Before or after: prepositions in spatially constrained systems. In Spatial Cognition V; Springer: Berlin, Germany; Volume 4387, pp. 453–469.
    81.
  81. Richter, K.F. & Winter, S. (2014). Landmarks: GIscience for intelligent services.  DOI:10.1007/978-3-319-05732-3
    82.
  82. Riegl, A.  (1903/1982). “The modern cult of monuments: its character and origin,” Oppositions 25:20-51.
    83.
  83. Rogers, L.  (1983) ‘Sculpture, Space and Being within Things’. British Journal of Aesthetics 23(2):164-168.
    84.
  84. Rowlands, M., & Tilley, C.  (2006). ‘Monuments and Memorials’. In Handbook of Material Culture.  Sage: London, pp. 500-512.
    85.
  85. Sadalla, E.K., Burroughs, W.J. & Staplin, L.J. (1980). Reference points in spatial cognition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 6, 516-528.
    86.
  86. Sadeghian, P., Kantardzic, M. (2008). The new generation of automatic landmark detection systems: Challenges and guidelines. Spatial Cognit. Computat. 8(3), 252–287.
    87.
  87. Sa'idi Rezvani, R., Shesh Pari, Z. (2013). "Sense of Time, Sense of Place in a Monument". Journal of Urban Plazas and Spaces. 76. Municipalities.
    88.
  88. Saini, A. et al. (2017). Image based Indian monument recognition using convoluted neural networks. 138-142. DOI: 10.1109/BID.2017.8336587.
    89.
  89. Schroder, C.J.; Mackaness, W.A.; Gittings, B.M. (2011). Giving the “right” route directions: The requirements for pedestrian navigation systems. Trans. GIS, 15, 419–438.
    90.
  90. Shannon CE (1948) A mathematical theory of communication. Bell Syst Tech J 27:379–423, 623–656.
    91.
  91. Sorrows, M.E., Hirtle, S.C. (1999). The nature of landmarks for real and electronic spaces. In Spatial Information Theory. vol. 1661, pp. 37–50.
    92.
  92. Stevens, Q (2019). Cities and memory: a history of the role of memorials in urban design from the Renaissance to Canberra, Planning Perspectives,
    93.
  93. DOI: 10.1080/02665433.2019.1577166.
    94.
  94. The Free Dictionary (2019); https://www.thefreedictionary.com/salients; Last visited 2019.
    95.
  95. Thomaidis, N & Nikitakos, N & Dounias, G. (2006). The Evaluation of Information Technology Projects: a Fuzzy Multicriteria Decision-making Approach, DOI: 10.1142/S0219622006001897.
    96.
  96. Tomaselli, K., & Mpofu, A. (1997). ‘The Rearticulation of Meaning of National Monuments: Beyond Apartheid Culture and Policy’.  A Journal of the Australian Key Centre for Culture and Media Policy 8(3):57-75.
    97.
  97. Verschaffel, V.  (1999). ‘The monumental: on the meaning of a form’.  Journal of Architecture 4(4):333-336.
    98.
  98. Vickery, J. (2012) The past and possible future of counter monument. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/103894.
    99.
  99. Wikipedia (2019).http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landmark
    100.
  100. Windle PE. (2004). Delphi technique: assessing component needs. Feb; 19(1): 46-7.
    101.
  101. Winter, S. (2003). Route adaptive selection of salient features. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 2685, pp. 349–361. Springer, Berlin.
    102.
  102. Winter, S.; Raubal, M.; Nothegger, C. (2005). Focalizing measures of salience for wayfinding. In Map-Based Mobile Services; Springer: Heidelberg, Germany; pp. 125–139.
    103.
  103. Winter, S.; Tomko, M.; Elias, B. Sester, M. (2008).Landmark hierarchies in context. Environ. Plan. B .35, 381–398.
    104.
  104. Wolbers T, Hegarty M (2010) What determines our navigational abilities? Trends Cogn Sci 14:138–146
    105.
  105. Yari, A. et al. (2008). Monuments of War. Cultural Symbols. Abadi. 58.
    106.
  106. Young, James E. (1993). The Texture of Memory: Holocaust Memorials and Meaning, Yale University Press.
    107.
  107. Zemla, M. (2016): Tourism destination: The networking approach. Moravian Geographical Reports, 24(4): 2–14.
    108.
  108. Ziyayi, M., Ra'nayi, E. (2010). Statueism and Memory Making in Urban Spaces. Taq Monthly. 35 and 36. April and May.
    109.

Sanad

Sanad is a platform for managing Azad University publications

Links

Related Centers

Technical Support

Official pages

The rights to this website are owned by the Raimag Press Management System.
Copyright © 2021-2024

Home| Login| About Us| Contact Us|
[فارسی] [العربية] [fa] [ar]