Determination of tylosin, gentamicin, and neomycin residues in distributed milk and ice-cream in Tehran by HPLC method in 2019
Subject Areas :
Food Hygiene
A. Khatami
1
(D.V.M Graduate of Veterinary Medicine, Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, Iran)
M.H. Movassagh
2
(Associate Professor, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, Iran)
Received: 2022-06-25
Accepted : 2022-07-11
Published : 2022-05-22
Keywords:
Milk,
antibiotic,
Tehran,
High-performance liquid chromatography,
Ice cream,
Abstract :
Improper use of antibiotics, and the subsequent residues in raw animal products such as milk, can directly or indirectly cause health problems in human communities such as allergic reactions and reduce the effectiveness of antibiotic treatments. The aim of the present study was to determine the residual levels of tylosin, gentamicin, and neomycin in milk and ice cream distributed across Tehran. A total of 125 samples, including raw milk, pasteurized and sterilized milk, traditional and pasteurized ice cream. The samples were randomly obtained from retail centers in Tehran from July to September 2019. The residual levels of tylosin, gentamicin, and neomycin were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Of the samples, tylosin, gentamicin, and neomycin were detected in 94.4%, 92.2%, and 96.6%, respectively. The highest tylosin residues in raw milk and ice cream samples was 26.72 ± 1.55 and 26.01 ± 1.55 μg/l, respectively. The highest gentamicin residues in raw milk and ice cream samples were 28.15 ± 1.29 and 28.8 ± 1.29 μg/l, respectively. The highest neomycin residues in raw milk and traditional ice cream samples were 33.46 ± 1.95 and 34.7 ±1.95 μg/l, respectively. According to the Iranian National Standard, in all tested samples the residual antibiotics were below the standard approval limit. Since most samples contained antibiotic residues, continuous monitoring of milk samples for antibiotic residues is recommended.
References:
Akbari Kishi, S., Asmar, M. and Mirpur, MS. (2016). The study of antibiotic residues in raw and pasteurized milk in Gilan province. Iranian Journal of Medical Microbiology.11(3):71-77. [In Persian]
Arikan, O.A. (2008). The fate of chlortetracycline during the anaerobic digestion of manure from medicated calves. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 158(2–3): 485–490.
Bilandzic, N., Kolanovic, B.S., Varenina, I., Scortichini, G., Annunziata, L., et al. (2011). Veterinary drug residues determination in raw milk in Croatia. Food Control. 22(12): 1941-1948.
Burrows, G.E., Parto, P.B. and Martin, B.B. (1987). Comparative pharmacokinetics of gentamicin, neomycin and oxytetracycline in newborn calves. Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 10(1): 54-63.
Dudriková, E., Jozef, S. and Jozef, N. (1999). Liquid chromatographic determination of tylosin in mastitic cow's milk following therapy. Journal of AOAC international.82(6): 1303-1307.
Fallah Rad, , Mohsenzadeh, M. and Asadpour, H. (2006). Determination of gentamicin residue in raw milk delivered to Mashhad pasteurized milk factory and pasteurized milk obtained from the same raw milk. Agricultural Science and Technology, 20(7): 183-189.
Food and Agriculture Organization, (2019). Neomycin. Available at: https://www.fao.org/ fileadmin/user_upload/vetdrug/docs/41-15-neomycin.pdf
Gradinaru, A.C., Popescu, O. and Solcan, G. (2011). Antibiotic residues in milk from Moldavia, Romania. Human and Veterinary Medicine, 3(2): 133-141.
Ghidini, S.M., Zanardi, E., Varisco, G. and Chizzolini, R. (2003) Residues of ß lactam antibiotics in bovine milk: Confirmatory analysis by liquid chromatography tends mass spectrometry after microbial assay screening. Food Additives and Contaminants, 20(6): 528-534.
Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran (ISIRI), (2018). Maximum residue limits for veterinary drugs in food. 2nd Revision, ISIRI No. 11101. [In Persian]
Karim, G., Kiaei, S., Rokni, N. and Razavi, RS. (2011). Antibiotic residue contamination in milk during last forty years in Iran. Food Hygiene, 1(1): 23-30. [In Persian]
Kümmerer, H.T.K. (2001). Pharmaceuticals in the environment – sources, fate, effects and risks. Aquatic Toxicology, 71: 391–392
Liu, Q., Li, J., Song, X., Zhang, M., Li, E., Gao, F., et al. (2017). Simultaneous determination of aminoglycoside antibiotics in feeds using high performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detection. RSC Advances, 7(3): 1251-1259.
Movassagh, M. and Karamibanari, A.R. (2014). Investigating the residual amount of neomycin in pasteurized milk produced in a number of factories in East Azerbaijan Province. Journal of Food hygiene, 4(3): 43-49. [In Persian]
Nisha, A.R. (2008). Antibiotic residues—a global health hazard. Veterinary World,1(12): 375–377.
Park, Y.W and Haenlein, G.F. (2013). Milk and dairy products in human nutrition: production, composition and health.1st Edition, Wiley publishers, pp. 644-658.
Papich, M. (2016). Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs. 4th Edition, Saunders, pp. 826-827.
Sarmah, A.K., Meyer, M.T. and Boxall, A.B. (2006). A global perspective on the use, sales, exposure pathways, occurrence, fate and effects of veterinary antibiotics (VAs) in the environment. Chemosphere, 65(5): 725–759.
Stella, O.I.O., Ezenduka, E.V. and Anaelom, N.J. (2020). Screening for tylosin and other antimicrobial residues in fresh and fermented (nono) cow milk in Delta state, South-South, Nigeria. Veterinary World, 13(3): 458–464.
Van Boeckel, T.P., Brower, C., Gilbert, M., Grenfell, B.T., Levin, S.A., Robinson, T.P., et al. (2015). Global trends in antimicrobial use in food animals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 112(18): 5649–5654.
World Health Organization (2012). The evolving threat of antimicrobial resistance: options for action: executive summary. World Health Organization. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/ handle/10665/75389.
Zeina, K., Pamela, A.K. and Fawwak, S. (2013). Quantification of antibiotic residues and determination of antimicrobial resistance profiles of microorganisms isolated from bovine milk in Lebanon. Food and Nutrition Sciences, 4(7): 1-9.
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Akbari Kishi, S., Asmar, M. and Mirpur, MS. (2016). The study of antibiotic residues in raw and pasteurized milk in Gilan province. Iranian Journal of Medical Microbiology.11(3):71-77. [In Persian]
Arikan, O.A. (2008). The fate of chlortetracycline during the anaerobic digestion of manure from medicated calves. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 158(2–3): 485–490.
Bilandzic, N., Kolanovic, B.S., Varenina, I., Scortichini, G., Annunziata, L., et al. (2011). Veterinary drug residues determination in raw milk in Croatia. Food Control. 22(12): 1941-1948.
Burrows, G.E., Parto, P.B. and Martin, B.B. (1987). Comparative pharmacokinetics of gentamicin, neomycin and oxytetracycline in newborn calves. Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 10(1): 54-63.
Dudriková, E., Jozef, S. and Jozef, N. (1999). Liquid chromatographic determination of tylosin in mastitic cow's milk following therapy. Journal of AOAC international.82(6): 1303-1307.
Fallah Rad, , Mohsenzadeh, M. and Asadpour, H. (2006). Determination of gentamicin residue in raw milk delivered to Mashhad pasteurized milk factory and pasteurized milk obtained from the same raw milk. Agricultural Science and Technology, 20(7): 183-189.
Food and Agriculture Organization, (2019). Neomycin. Available at: https://www.fao.org/ fileadmin/user_upload/vetdrug/docs/41-15-neomycin.pdf
Gradinaru, A.C., Popescu, O. and Solcan, G. (2011). Antibiotic residues in milk from Moldavia, Romania. Human and Veterinary Medicine, 3(2): 133-141.
Ghidini, S.M., Zanardi, E., Varisco, G. and Chizzolini, R. (2003) Residues of ß lactam antibiotics in bovine milk: Confirmatory analysis by liquid chromatography tends mass spectrometry after microbial assay screening. Food Additives and Contaminants, 20(6): 528-534.
Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran (ISIRI), (2018). Maximum residue limits for veterinary drugs in food. 2nd Revision, ISIRI No. 11101. [In Persian]
Karim, G., Kiaei, S., Rokni, N. and Razavi, RS. (2011). Antibiotic residue contamination in milk during last forty years in Iran. Food Hygiene, 1(1): 23-30. [In Persian]
Kümmerer, H.T.K. (2001). Pharmaceuticals in the environment – sources, fate, effects and risks. Aquatic Toxicology, 71: 391–392
Liu, Q., Li, J., Song, X., Zhang, M., Li, E., Gao, F., et al. (2017). Simultaneous determination of aminoglycoside antibiotics in feeds using high performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detection. RSC Advances, 7(3): 1251-1259.
Movassagh, M. and Karamibanari, A.R. (2014). Investigating the residual amount of neomycin in pasteurized milk produced in a number of factories in East Azerbaijan Province. Journal of Food hygiene, 4(3): 43-49. [In Persian]
Nisha, A.R. (2008). Antibiotic residues—a global health hazard. Veterinary World,1(12): 375–377.
Park, Y.W and Haenlein, G.F. (2013). Milk and dairy products in human nutrition: production, composition and health.1st Edition, Wiley publishers, pp. 644-658.
Papich, M. (2016). Saunders Handbook of Veterinary Drugs. 4th Edition, Saunders, pp. 826-827.
Sarmah, A.K., Meyer, M.T. and Boxall, A.B. (2006). A global perspective on the use, sales, exposure pathways, occurrence, fate and effects of veterinary antibiotics (VAs) in the environment. Chemosphere, 65(5): 725–759.
Stella, O.I.O., Ezenduka, E.V. and Anaelom, N.J. (2020). Screening for tylosin and other antimicrobial residues in fresh and fermented (nono) cow milk in Delta state, South-South, Nigeria. Veterinary World, 13(3): 458–464.
Van Boeckel, T.P., Brower, C., Gilbert, M., Grenfell, B.T., Levin, S.A., Robinson, T.P., et al. (2015). Global trends in antimicrobial use in food animals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 112(18): 5649–5654.
World Health Organization (2012). The evolving threat of antimicrobial resistance: options for action: executive summary. World Health Organization. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/ handle/10665/75389.
Zeina, K., Pamela, A.K. and Fawwak, S. (2013). Quantification of antibiotic residues and determination of antimicrobial resistance profiles of microorganisms isolated from bovine milk in Lebanon. Food and Nutrition Sciences, 4(7): 1-9.
