Prevalence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in rural herd and guard dogs of Mahabad region
Subject Areas :
Veterinary Clinical Pathology
Ali Hayatrouhi
1
(Assistant Professor, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran.)
Mohammad Sadaghian
2
(Assistant Professor, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, Iran.)
Received: 2018-02-21
Accepted : 2018-10-17
Published : 2019-11-22
Keywords:
Cryptosporidium,
Dog,
Giardia,
Mahabad,
Abstract :
The genera Cryptosporidium and Giardia are among the most common protozoal parasites causing small intestinal abnormalities of dogs. In this study, 200 fecal samples of herd and guard dogs were collected randomly from different rural areas around Mahabad city and referred to the laboratory after stabilization with formalin and polyvinyl alcohol solutions. Samples were microscopically studied using concentration method followed by the Trichrome-Gumurian and modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining techniques. In general, 9 (4.5%) and 31 (15.5%) of the studied dogs were infected with Cryptosporidium and Giardia respectively. The highest incidence of cryptosporidium was observed in dogs less than 6 months (10.43%) and the lowest incidence was in the age group more than 4 years (1.54%). The highest levels of Giardia infection were found in the 6-12 months age group (25%) and the lowest in the 1-4 years age group (8.62%). The prevalence of infection with cryptosporidium and giardia in male dogs was 4.67% and 14.95%, respectively, and 4.30% and 16.13% in female dogs, respectively. The prevalence of both protozoa in male and female dogs as well as in different age groups was not statistically significant. There were no significant relation between age and gender with prevalence of both parasites. However, the level of infection with both Cryptosporidium and Giardia protozoa in dogs with inappropriate sanitation was higher than those with proper sanitary status, but this difference was not statistically significant.
References:
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Akbarin, H., AleDavoud, J., Haddadzadeh, H., Ranjbar Bahadori, Sh., Rahmani, Z., Ashrieh, M., et al., (2009). Investigation of cryptosporidiasis of referring dogs to selected clinics of Tehran, Isfahan, Sari, Gorgan and Kerman cities using two methods of modified Nelson and Oramine. Paper Presented at First National Congress of Veterinary Laboratory Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Anécimo, R.S., Tonani, K.A.A., Fregonesi, B.M., Mariano, A.P., Ferrassino, M.D.B., Trevilato, T.M., et al., (2012). Adaptation of Ritchie's Method for Parasites Diagnosing with Minimization of Chemical Products. Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases, 2012: Article ID 409757.
Bajer, A., Bednarska, M. and Rodo, A. (2011). Risk factors and control of intestinal parasite infections in sled dogs in Poland. Veterinary Parasitology, 175(3-4): 343-350.
Beer, K,D., Collier, S.A., Du, F. and Gargano, J.W. (2017). Giardiasis Diagnosis and Treatment Practices Among Commercially Insured Persons in the United States. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 64(9): 1244-1250.
Beiromvand, M., Akhlaghi, L., Fattahi Massom, SH., Meamar, AR., Motevalian, A., Oormazdi, H., et al. (2013). Prevalence of zoonotic intestinal parasites in domestic and stray dogs in a rural area of Iran. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 109(1-2): 162-167.
Bouzid, M., Halai, K., Jeffreys, D. and Hunter, P.R. (2012). The prevalence of Giardia infection in dogs and cats, a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence studies from stool samples. Veterinary Parasitology, 207(3-4): 181-202.
Cabada, M.M. and White, A.C.Jr. (2010). Treatment of cryptosporidiosis: do we know what we think we know? Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 23(5): 494-499.
Chappell, C.L. and Okhuysen, P.C. (2002). Cryptosporidiosis. Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 15(5): 523-527.
Dalimi, A., Mojarad, S. and Jamshidi, Sh. (2001). Intestinal parasites of pet dogs in Tehran and evaluation of knowledge of dog owners about zoonotic risk of parasites of dog. Journal of Veterinary Research, 56(4): 13-16. [In Persian]
Daryani, A., Sharif, M., Amouei, A. and Golami, Sh. (2010). Prevalence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in stray dogs of Sari urban areas in northern Iran. Paper Presented at Seventh National Conference and Second Regional Conference of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
Desai, N.T., Sarkar, R. and Kang, G. (2012). Cryptosporidiosis: An under-recognized public health problem. Tropical Parasitology, 2(2): 91-98.
Gharekhani, J. (2014). Study on gastrointestinal zoonotic parasites in pet dogs in Western Iran. Turkish Journal of Parasitology, 38(3): 172-176.
Jafari Shoorijeh, S., Sadjjadi, M., Asheri, A. and Eraghi, K. (2008). Giardia spp. and Sarcocystis spp. status in pet dogs of Shiraz, Southern part of Iran. Tropical Biomedicine, 25(2): 154-159.
Jamshidi, Sh., Hoshyar, H. and Amiran, K. (2007). Diagnosis of giardiasis in domestic dogs using microscopic methods of feces and comparison of results with human ELISA commercial kit. Paper Presented at Fifth Convention of Iranian Veterinary Clinicians, Ahwaz, Iran.
Kakekhani, S., Bahrami A.M., Ahmadai Asbchin, S. and Doosti, A. (2011). A study on protozoan infections (Giardia, Entamoeba, Isoapora and Cryptosporidium) in stray dogs in Ilam province. Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 5(3): 1325-1330.
Manser, M.M., Saez, A.C.S. and Chiodini, P.L. (2016). Faecal Parasitology: Concentration Methodology Needs to be Better Standardised. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 10(4): e0004579.
Ranjbar Bahadori, Sh. and Fattahi Bourani, Z. (2005). Investigation of cryptosporidiosis infection in stray dogs in Garmsar city. Paper Presented at Second National Congress on Small Animal Health and Diseases, Tehran, Iran.
Razmi, Gh.R. (2009). Survey of Dogs’ Parasites in Khorasan Province, Iran. Iranian Journal of Parasitology, 4(4): 48-54.
Ritchie, L.S. (1948). An ether sedimentation technique for routine stool examination. Bulletin of the United States Army Medical Department, 8(4): 326.
Shamsi, M., Zaman Dousti, A. and Bastaminezhad, S. (2010). Study of protozoal contaminations (Giardia, Cryptosporidium, Anatamuba and Isospora) in stray dogs of Ilam. Paper Presented at Seventh National Conference and Second Regional Conference of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
Shirani, D., Khalili, M.R. and Meshgi, B. (2006). The Prevalence of Giardia spp. among the pet dogs of Isfahan. Journal of Veterinary Research, 61(2): 161-163. [In Persian]
Tavassoli, M., Javadi, S., Soltanalinejad, F., Rosouli, S. and Etminanfar R. (2010). Gastrointestinal parasites of pet dogs in Urmia city. Veterinary Journal (Pajouhesh & Sazandegi), 23(2): 18-24. [In Persian]
Thompson, R.C.A. and Ash, A. (2016). Molecular epidemiology of Giardia and Cryptosporidium infections. Infection, Genetics and Evolution, 40: 315-323.
