Ultrasound and histopathological evaluation of the castration performed by injecting calcium chloride solution into testicular tissue in male dogs

Subject Areas : Veterinary Clinical Pathology

Nader Karami ¹ , Abbas Veshkini ² , Ahmad Asghari ³ , Siamak Mashhahirafei ⁴ , Pejman Mortazavi ⁵

1 - Graduate of Veterinary Department of Pathobiology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2 - Associate Professor, Department of Clinical Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
3 - Associate Professor, Department of Clinical Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
4 - Associate Professor, Department of Clinical Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
5 - Associate Professor, Department of Pathobiology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

Received: 2024-01-08 Accepted : 2024-05-27 Published : 2024-11-20

Keywords: ultrasonography, histopathology, testis, calcium chloride, dog,

Abstract :

Chemical castration is a method of castration by medication. The effect of injecting 20% calcium chloride solution into dog testicle tissue was done with the help of ultrasonography, histopathology, and blood parameters. Several 18 healthy male dogs were selected and divided into three groups: surgery, ultrasound, and histopathology (number=6). On days 0, 7, 14, and 21, ultrasound (length, width, depth, and echogenic) and blood sampling were performed. On day zero, 20% calcium chloride was injected into the testicular tissue of the ultrasonography and histopathology groups. Oxidative stress enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and blood testosterone were measured on days 0, 7, 14, and 21. Histopathology was examined on the 7th and 14th days of sampling and by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Ultrasonography showed a statistically significant difference between the average length, width, depth, and echogenicity of both groups except on day zero. In addition, the echogenicity of the left and right testicles was significantly (p<0.0001) reduced in the studied groups. The testicular tissue suffered from thrombosis, necrosis, leukocyte infiltration, calcification, and granulomatous masses. The oxidative stress enzymes on day 21 were significantly (p<0.0001) lower than on day 0. However, the testosterone level had not changed even on the 21st day. Although the chemical method of calcium chloride is effective and cheap, with few side effects and without anesthesia, the effects of this method are slow. On the other hand, it leads to oxidative stress reactions in the animal. However, it is a more appropriate method.