Serological survey of Q fever in goats and buffaloes in Ahvaz region using the ELISA method
Subject Areas :
Veterinary Clinical Pathology
حامد Karami Mirazizi
1
(Graduate of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran)
مهدی POURMAHDI BORUJENI
2
(Associate Professor, Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.)
داریوش Garibi
3
(Associate Professor, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.)
m.r Haji Hajikolaei
4
(Professor, Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.)
Received: 2016-09-11
Accepted : 2017-05-10
Published : 2017-04-21
Keywords:
Goat,
Buffalo,
Ahvaz,
Serology,
Q fever,
Abstract :
Coxiellosis or Q fever of domestic animals which is caused by Coxiella burnetii is usually asymptomatic and subclinical; although it has also been associated with abortion and infertility. Domestic ruminants are the primary and important reservoirs of Coxiella burnetii, which is spread by the milk, urine, feces and vaginal mucous of infected animals. Inhalation of bacteria present in the environment is the main route of animal and human infection. The aim of this study was to survey seroprevalence of Q-fever in goats and buffaloes in Ahvaz Region. In this study, blood samples were collected randomly from 137 goats and 135 buffaloes in Ahvaz. The collected sera were tested for Coxiella burnetii by ELISA. Seroprevalence of Q fever was 34.31 in goats (95% Cl: 26.41–42.21) and 0% in buffaloes. Chi square test showed that prevalence in buffalo and goat is statistically different (p<0.001). Infection in goat had a significant association with age. Logistic regression showed that the odds ratio between the age based on year and infection is 1.57 (95% CI: 1.19-2.08) (p<0.001), with each single increase in age the odds of infection will increase by 57%. Also, 10.8% of fluctuations of infection were justified by age. The odds of infection in female goats was 1.58 times males (95% CI: 1.03–6.47) (p<0.05) and 4.5% of fluctuations of infection were justified by sex. The present study showed that the prevalence of Q-fever in goat population is considerable. Therefore Coxiella burnetii must be considered by veterinarians and health authorities as one of the most important zoonotic agents for prevention and control measures.
References:
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· Norlander, L. (2000). Q fever epidemiology and pathogenesis. Microbes and Infection, 2(4): 417-424.
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· Perugini, A.G., Capuano, F., Esposito, A., Marianelli, C., Martucciello, A., Iovane, G., et al. (2009). Detection of Coxiella burnetii in buffaloes aborted fetuses by IS111 DNA amplification: A preliminary report. Research in Veterinary Science, 87(2): 189-191.
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· Pourmahdi Borujeni, M., Gharibi, D., Haji Hajikoulaei, M.R., Ghorbanpour, M. andAlipour, Z. (2016). Serological survey and detection Coxiella burnetii in dairy cattle of Ahvaze by ELISA and PCR. Journal of Veterinary Microbiology, 12(1): 37-46. [In Persian]
· Rahman, A., Alam, M., Islam, A., Fazlul Haque Bhuiyan, A.K. and Anisur Rahman, A.K.M. (2016). Serological and molecular evidence of Q fever in domestic ruminants in Bangladesh. Veterinary Medicine International, Article ID 9098416.
· Rezaei, A., Gharibi, D., PourmahdiBorujeni, M. and Mosallanejad, B. (2015). Seroprevalence of Lyme disease and Q fever in referred dogs to veterinary hospital of Ahvaz. Iranian Veterinary Journal. 11(4): 34-41. [In Persian]
· Rodolakis, A. (2006). Q fever, state of art: epidemiology, diagnosis and prophylaxis. Small Ruminant Research, 62(1-2): 121-124.
· Sakhaee, E. and Khalili, M. (2010). The first serologic study of Q fever in sheep in Iran. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 42(7): 1561-1564.
· Taurel, A.F., Guatteo, R., Joly, A., Seegers, H. and Beaudeau, F. (2011). Seroprevalence of Q fever in naturally infected dairy cattle herds. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 101(1-2): 51-57.
· Tejedor-Junco, M.T., González, M., Corbera, J.A. and Gutiérrez, C. (2015). Presence of Coxiella burnetii (Q fever) in goats on the Canary Islands: Current status. Small Ruminant Research, 134: 62-64.
· Vaidya, V.M., Malik, S.V.S., Bhilegaonkar, K.N., Rathore, R.S., Kaur, S. and Barbuddhe, S.B. (2008). Prevalence of Q fever in domestic animals with reproductive disorders. Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 33(4): 307-321.
· Van den Brom, R., Moll, L., van Schaik, G. and Vellema, P. (2012). Demography of Q fever seroprevalence in sheep and goats in The Netherlands in 2008. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 109(1-2): 76-82.
· Woldehiwet, Z. (2004). Q fever (coxiellosis): epidemiology and pathogenesis. Research in Veterinary Science, 77(2): 93-100.
· Yin, M.Y., Qin, S.Y., Tan, Q.D., Feng, S.Y., Liu, G.X., Zhou, D.H., et al. (2015). First report of Coxiella burnetii seroprevalence in Tibetan sheep in China. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 15(7): 419-422.
· Yin, M.Y., Tan, Q.D., Qin, S.Y., Hu, L.Y., Liu, G.H., Zhou, D.H., et al. (2015). First serologic survey of Q fever in free-range yaks in China. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research, 16(2): 210-212.
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· Anderson, A.D., Szymanski, T.J., Emery, M.P., Kohrs, P.H., Bjork, A.C., Marsden-Haug, N., et al. (2015). Epizootiological investigation of a Q fever outbreak and implications for future control strategies. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 247(12): 1379-1386.
· Angelakis, E. and Raoult, D. (2010). Q fever. Veterinary Microbiology, 140: 297-309.
· Arricau-Bouvery, N. and Rodolakis, A. (2005). Is Q fever an emerging or re-emerging zoonosis? Veterinary Research, 36(3): 327-349.
· Asadi, J., Kafi, M. and Khalili, M. (2013). Seroprevalence of Q fever in sheep and goat flocks with a history of abortion in Iran between 2011 and 2012. Veterinaria Italiana, 49(2): 163-168.
· Banazis, M.J., Bestall, A.S., Reid, S.A. and Fenwick, S.G. (2010). A survey of Western Australian sheep, cattle and kangaroos to determine the prevalence of Coxiella burnetii. Veterinary Microbiology, 143(2-4): 337-345.
· Bashiribod, H., Rahbarian, N., Eslami, G., Kazemi, B., Jannatsharif, E., Mahmoudirad, M., et al. (2008). Prevalence of Coxiella burnetii in Human, Animal Hosts and Hard Ticks in West Mazandaran Province Iran, 2003-4. Research in Medicine, 32(3): 253-257. [In Persian]
· Bauer, A.E., Hubbar, K.R.A., Johnson, A.J., Messicka, J.B., Weng, H.Y. and Pogranichniy, R.M. (2016). A cross sectional study evaluating the prevalence of Coxiella burnetii, potential risk factors for infection, and agreement between diagnostic methods in goats in Indiana. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 126: 131-137.
· Berri, M., Souriau, A., Crosby, M. and Rodolakis, A. (2002). Shedding of Coxiellaburnetti in ewes in two pregnancies following an episode of Coxiella abortion in a sheep flock. Veterinary Microbiology, 85(1): 55-60.
· Cabassi, C., Taddei, S., Donofrio, G. and Ghadini, F. (2006). Association between Coxiellaburnetiseropositivity and abortion in dairy cattle of Northern Italy. New Microbiology, 29: 211-214.
· Cekani, M., Papa, A., Kota, M., Velo, E. and Berxholi, K. (2008). Report of a serological study of Coxiella burnetii in domestic animals in Albania. The Veterinary Journal, 175(2): 276-278.
· Esmaeili, S., BagheriAmiri, F. and Mostafavi, E. (2014). Seroprevalence Survey of Q fever among Sheep in Northwestern Iran. Vector Borne and Zoonotic Disease, 14(3): 189-192.
· Ezatkhah, M., Alimolaei, M., Khalili, M. and Sharifi, H. (2014). Seroepidemiological study of Q fever in small ruminants from Southeast Iran. Journal of Infection and Public Health, 8(2) :170-176.
· Gefenaite, G., Munster, J.M., van Houdt, R. and Hak, E. (2011). Effectiveness of the Q fever vaccine: A meta-analysis. Vaccine, 29(3): 395-398.
· Kennerman, E., Rousset, E., Golcu, E. and Dufour, P. (2010). Seroprevalence of Q fever (coxiellosis) in sheep from the Southern Marmara Region, Turkey. Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 33(1): 37-45.
· Keyvani Rad, N., Azizzadeh, M., Taghavi Razavizadeh, A.R., Mehrzad, J. and Rashtibaf, M. (2013). Seroepidemiology of coxiellosis (Q fever) in sheep and goat populations in the northeast of Iran. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research, 15(1): 1-6.
· Khalili, M. and Sakhaee, E. (2009). An update on a serologic survey of Q fever in domestic animals in Iran. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 80(6): 1031-1032.
· Khalili, M., Shahabi-Nejad, N. and Golchin, M. (2010). Q fever serology in febrile patients in southeast Iran. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 104(9): 623-624.
· Kiliç, A., Kalender, H., Koç, O., Kılınç, Ü., Irehan, B. and Berri, M. (2015). Molecular investigation of Coxiella burnetii infections in aborted sheep in eastern Turkey. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research, 17(1): 41-44.
· Lambton, S.L., Smith, R.P., Gillard, K., Horigan, M., Farren, C. and Pritchard, G.C. (2016). Serological survey using ELISA to determine the prevalence of Coxiella burnetii infection (Q fever) in sheep and goats in Great Britain. Cambridge Journals Epidemiology and Infection, 144(1): 19-24.
· Masala, G., Porcu, R., Sanna, G., Chessa, G., Cillara, G., Chisu, V., et al. (2004). Occurrence, distribution, and role in abortion of Coxiella burnetii in sheep and goats in Sardinia, Italy. Veterinary Microbiology, 99(3-4): 301-305.
· Maurin, M. and Raoult, D. (1999). Q fever. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 12(4): 518-553.
· Nakoun´e, E., Debaere, O., Koumanda-Kotogne, F., Selekon, B., Samory, F. and Talarmin, A. (2004). Serological surveillance of brucellosis and Q fever in cattle in the Central African Republic. Acta Tropica, 92(2): 147-151.
· Norlander, L. (2000). Q fever epidemiology and pathogenesis. Microbes and Infection, 2(4): 417-424.
· Pape, M., Bouzalas, E.G., Koptopoulos, G.S., Mandraveli, K., Aroanitidou-Vagiona, M., et al. (2009). The serological prevalence of Coxiella burnetii antibodies in sheep and goats in Northern Greece. European Society of clinical Microbiology and Infectious Disease, 15: 146-147.
· Perugini, A.G., Capuano, F., Esposito, A., Marianelli, C., Martucciello, A., Iovane, G., et al. (2009). Detection of Coxiella burnetii in buffaloes aborted fetuses by IS111 DNA amplification: A preliminary report. Research in Veterinary Science, 87(2): 189-191.
· Pourmahdi Borujeni, M., Gharibi, D., Goorannejad, S. and Zamiri, S. (2013). Seroprevalence of coxiellosis in Ahvaz sheep. Iranian Veterinary Journal, 9(1): 11-18.[In Persian]
· Pourmahdi Borujeni, M., Gharibi, D., Haji Hajikoulaei, M.R., Ghorbanpour, M. andAlipour, Z. (2016). Serological survey and detection Coxiella burnetii in dairy cattle of Ahvaze by ELISA and PCR. Journal of Veterinary Microbiology, 12(1): 37-46. [In Persian]
· Rahman, A., Alam, M., Islam, A., Fazlul Haque Bhuiyan, A.K. and Anisur Rahman, A.K.M. (2016). Serological and molecular evidence of Q fever in domestic ruminants in Bangladesh. Veterinary Medicine International, Article ID 9098416.
· Rezaei, A., Gharibi, D., PourmahdiBorujeni, M. and Mosallanejad, B. (2015). Seroprevalence of Lyme disease and Q fever in referred dogs to veterinary hospital of Ahvaz. Iranian Veterinary Journal. 11(4): 34-41. [In Persian]
· Rodolakis, A. (2006). Q fever, state of art: epidemiology, diagnosis and prophylaxis. Small Ruminant Research, 62(1-2): 121-124.
· Sakhaee, E. and Khalili, M. (2010). The first serologic study of Q fever in sheep in Iran. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 42(7): 1561-1564.
· Taurel, A.F., Guatteo, R., Joly, A., Seegers, H. and Beaudeau, F. (2011). Seroprevalence of Q fever in naturally infected dairy cattle herds. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 101(1-2): 51-57.
· Tejedor-Junco, M.T., González, M., Corbera, J.A. and Gutiérrez, C. (2015). Presence of Coxiella burnetii (Q fever) in goats on the Canary Islands: Current status. Small Ruminant Research, 134: 62-64.
· Vaidya, V.M., Malik, S.V.S., Bhilegaonkar, K.N., Rathore, R.S., Kaur, S. and Barbuddhe, S.B. (2008). Prevalence of Q fever in domestic animals with reproductive disorders. Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 33(4): 307-321.
· Van den Brom, R., Moll, L., van Schaik, G. and Vellema, P. (2012). Demography of Q fever seroprevalence in sheep and goats in The Netherlands in 2008. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 109(1-2): 76-82.
· Woldehiwet, Z. (2004). Q fever (coxiellosis): epidemiology and pathogenesis. Research in Veterinary Science, 77(2): 93-100.
· Yin, M.Y., Qin, S.Y., Tan, Q.D., Feng, S.Y., Liu, G.X., Zhou, D.H., et al. (2015). First report of Coxiella burnetii seroprevalence in Tibetan sheep in China. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 15(7): 419-422.
· Yin, M.Y., Tan, Q.D., Qin, S.Y., Hu, L.Y., Liu, G.H., Zhou, D.H., et al. (2015). First serologic survey of Q fever in free-range yaks in China. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research, 16(2): 210-212.
