A study on fungal flora of the normal eye surface in Iranian native cattle

Subject Areas : Veterinary Clinical Pathology

tohid nouri ¹ (دانش‌آموخته دکتری دامپزشکی، دانشکده دامپزشکی، واحد ارومیه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ارومیه، ایران.)
abdollah araghisoureh ² (استادیار گروه علوم درمانگاهی، دانشکده دامپزشکی، واحد ارومیه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ارومیه، ایران.)

Received: 2014-11-29 Accepted : 2015-02-07 Published : 2014-11-22

Keywords: Iran, Urmia, Conjunctiva, Fungal flora, Native cattle,

Abstract :

The microflora of the normal ocular surface is one of the sources supplying fungal agents for keratomycosis. This study was conducted to identify fungal isolates of the conjunctiva in clinically healthy Iranian native cattle in Urmia district. Swabs were taken from both eyes of cattle (n=45) and cultured onto Sabouraud dextrose agar with chloramphenicol and malt extract agar. Plates were incubated at 25°C and examined for 7 days. Data were analyzed for the effect of age and sex by fisher’s exact test. Thirteen cattle (28.89%) were found to be positive for fungal growth. The isolated fungal genera were Aspergillus spp-7 cases (53.84%), Penicillium spp-6 cases (46.15%), Rhodotorula sp-1 case (7.69%) and Candida sp-1 case (7.69%). Yeast genera represented 13.3% of all the isolates. Sex and age of cattle had no significant effect on prevalence of isolates. Incidence of fungal colonization of the eyes compared with similar studies was low which may reflect differences in season and technique of sampling. Unexpected high frequency of Aspergillus may be due to geographic differences.  

References:

• · عراقی سوره، ع. (1392). شناسایی فلور قارچی فورنیکس ملتحمه چشم در تک سمیان (اسب و قاطر) منطقه ارومیه. مجله آسیب‌شناسی درمانگاهی دامپزشکی، سال 7، شماره 1، صفحات: 1742-1736.


• · عراقی سوره، ع.، مخبر دزفولی، م.ر. و محمدی چورسی، م. (1392). شناسایی جدایه­های قارچی کیسه ملتحمه چشم بزهای سالم. مجله تحقیقات دامپزشکی، سال 68، شماره 3، صفحات: 122-107.


• عراقی سوره، ع.، ابراهیمی حامد، م.، محمد پور، د. و صادقی زالی، م.ح. (1391). جداسازی و شناسایی فلور    قارچی ملتحمه چشم سالم در اسب عرب ایرانی. مجله پاتوبیولوژی مقایسه‌ای، سال 9، شماره 4، صفحات: 816-811.


• · عراقی سوره، ع. و حسن پور، و. (1391). فلور قارچی کیسه ملتحمه گوسفندان سالم نژاد قزل در شهرستان ارومیه. مجله پژوهش‌های بالینی دامپزشکی، سال 3، شماره 2، صفحات: 101-95.
  
  
  
  • · Araghi-Sooreh, A. (2013). Fungi in the conjunctival sac of healthy mules (Equus mulus). In proceeding of the 2nd International Congress of Large Animal Practitioners, Tehran, Iran, pp: 99.
  
  
  • · Araghi-Sooreh, A. and Mohammadi, N. (2013). Colonization of the normal conjunctiva in Iranian river buffalo by fungi. In proceeding of the 2nd International Congress of Large Animal Practitioners, Tehran, Iran, pp: 98.
  
  
  • · Andrew, S.E., Nguyen, A., Jones, G.L. and Brooks, D.E. (2003). Seasonal effects on the aerobic bacterial and fungal conjunctival flora of normal throroughbred brood mares in Florida. Veterinary Ophthalmology, 6(1): 45-50.
  
  
  • · Andrew, S.E., Brooks, D.E., Smith, P.J., Gelatt, K.N., Chmielewski, N.T. and Whittaker, C.J.G. (1998). Equine ulcerative keratomicosis: visual outcome and ocular survival in 39 cases (1987-1996). Equine Veterinary Journal, 30(2): 109-116.
  
  
  • · Brooks, B.E., Andrew, S.E., Andrew, S.E., Dillavou, C.L., Ellis, G. and Kubilis, P.S. (1998). Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of fungi isolated from horses with ulcerative keratomycosis. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 59(2): 138-142.
  
  
  • · Coad, C.T., Robinson, N.M. and Wilhelmus, K.R. (1985). Antifungal sensitivity testing for equine Keratomycosis. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 46(3): 676-678.
  
  
  • · Casolari, C., Nanetti, A., Cavallini, G.M., Rivasi, F., Fabio, U. and Mazzoni, A. (1992). Keratomycosis with an unusual aetiology (Rhodotorula glutinis): a case report. Microbiology, 15(1): 83-87.
  
  
  • · Elligott, C.R., Wilkie, D.A., Kuonen, V.J., Bras, I.D. and Neihaus, A. (2006). Primary Aspergillus and Fusarium keratitis in a Holstein cow. Veterinary Ophthalmology, 9(3): 175-178.
  
  
  • · Gaarder, J.E., Rebhun, W.C., Ball, M.A., Patten, V., Shin S. and Erb, H. (1998). Clinical appearances, healing patterns, risk factors, and outcomes of horses with fungal keratitis: 53 cases (1978-1996). Journal of American Veterinary Medical Association, 213(1): 105-113.
  
  
  • · Ledbetter, E.C., Patten, V.H., Scarlett, J.A. and Vermeylen, F.M. (2007). In vitro susceptibility patterns of fungi associated with keratomycosis in horses of the northeastern United States: 68 cases (1987-2006). Journal of American Veterinary Medical Association, 231(7): 1086-1091.
  
  
  • · Mclaughlin, S.A., Brightman, A.H., Helper, L.C., Manning, J.P. and Tomes, J.E. (1983). Pathogenic bacteria and fungi associated with extraocular disease in the horse. Journal of American Veterinary Medical Association, 182(3): 241-242.
  
  
  • · Nardoni, S., Sgorbini, M., Barsotti, G., Corazza, M. and Mancianti, F. (2007).Conjunctival fungal flora in healthy donkeys. Veterinary Ophthalmology, 10(4): 207-210.
  
  
  • · Nasisse, M.P. and Nelms, S. (1992). Equine ulcerative keratitis. Veterinary Clinic North America Equine Practice, 8(3): 537-555.
  
  
  • · Quinn, P.J., Carter, M. E., Markey, B. and Carter, G.R. (1994). Clinical Veterinary Microbiology. London: Wolfe Publishing, pp: 367-421.
  
  
  • · Reed, Z., Thomasy, S.M., Good, K.L., Maggs, D.J., Magdesian, K.G., Pusterla, N., et al. (2013). Equine keratomycosis in California from 1987 to 2010 (47 cases). Equine Veterinary Research, 45(3): 361-366.
  
  
  • · Riss, R.C. (1981). Equine ophthalmology. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger, pp: 575.
  
  
  • · Sgorbini, M., Barsotti, G., Nardoni, S., Brombin, M., Sbrana, A., Mancianti, F., et al. (2010). Seasonal prevalence of fungi in the conjunctival fornix of healthy cows during a 2-year study. Veterinary Ophthalmolology, 13(4): 227-234.
  
  
  • · Samuelson, D.A., Andresen, T.L. and Gwin, R.M. (1984). Conjunctival fungal flora in horses, cattle, dogs, and cats. Journal of American Veterinary Medical Association, 184(10): 1240-1242.
  
  
  • · Smith, L.N. and Hoffman, S.B. (2010). A case series of unilateral orbital Aspergillosis in three cats and treatment with voriconazole. Veterinary Ophthalmology, 13(4): 227-234.
  
  
  • · Voelter-Ratson, K., Monod, M., Braun, U. and Spiess, B.M. (2013). Ulcerative fungal Keratitis in a Brown Swiss cow. Veterinary Ophthalmology, 16(6): 464-466.