An investigation of group and individual counseling effectiveness
Subject Areas : Educational Psychology
1 - عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تبریز
Keywords: Stress, reversal theory, individual and group counseling, national teams, Athletes,
Abstract :
This study is to determine the extent of individual and group counseling effectiveness based on Reversal theory in decreasing athletes’ stress. The statistical population is 36 male and female national athletes’ teams in various athletic fields. The statistical sample size was randomly chosen consists of two experimental group and a control group. The variables include individual and group counseling. The reversal theory as independent variable and the extent of stress as dependent one. One group was exposed to individual counseling and the other got group counseling. Using the concepts, procedures and techniques that are emphasized by reversal theory, the two groups were examined. The control group did not get any counseling. The standard stress questionnaire of Lionel coudyron was implemented both before and after the experiment to determine the extent of stress of the subjects. The data were collected ad processed by statistical analysis of one and two way ANOVA, through repeated measurements, the T dependent and Tukey test was (P £ 0.05). The following results were obtained. There was a positive and significant effect of reversal theory both with individual and group counseling in decreasing national team’s athletes' stress (P£0.001). There was not significant difference in decreasing stress between individual and group counseling using reversal theory. In general, one can deduce that in order to decrease the national teams’ athletes’ stress, the individual and group counseling can be used. The reversal theory can also be used as one of the effective theories in individual and group counseling
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