The Effectiveness of Emotional Self- Control Training in Reducing the Physical Aggression of Payame Noor University Students

Subject Areas : Educational Psychology

Taher Mahboobi ¹ (Bookan)
seyed bahaadin karimi ² (دانشگاه تبریز)
Hossin Zaea ³ (Tehran)

Received: 2016-12-11 Accepted : 2017-08-30 Published : 2018-05-22

Keywords: Physical aggression, Emotional self- control training,

Abstract :

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of emotional self-control training in reducing physical aggression of Payame Noor University Students in Bukan, West Azerbaijan. To this end, 40 participants were randomly selected as the sample of the study. The current study followed a quasi-experimental design involving pre-test and post-test with control group. The instrument of the study was Aggression Questionnaire (William, 1996). The participants were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group, each consisting of 20. The experimental group received 10 emotional self-control training sessions (each 60 min) during 5 consecutive weeks, while the control group did not. Data analysis with descriptive statistics and inferential statistics was performed using SPSS software. The results of Analysis of Covariance Test (p<0.05) for the dependent group, to determinate the effect of Emotional self- control training, showed that applying this program was as an effective intervention (F= 38/317 & Eta= 0/509) in reducing physical aggression.

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Tajikzada, F., & Sadeghi, R. (2013). Emotional control styles prediction of female students' aggression. Journal of Women and Society Research, 4(4), 113-97 [In Persian].

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Wilkowski, B. M., & Robinson, M. D. (2008). Clear heads are cool heads: Emotional clarity and the down-regulation of antisocial affect. Cognition and Emotion, 22(2),308–326.

Williams, C., Richardson, D. S., Hammock, G. S., & Janit, A. S. (2012). Perceptions of physical and psychological aggression in close relationships: A review. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 17(6), 489-494.

Williams, G. C., Deci, E. L. (1996). Internalization of bio psychological values by medical students: A test of self-determination theory. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol, 70: 767–779.

Abedi, A. (2001). The relationship between motivation and academic achievement of male and female students in Isfahan and personality and family Olatunji, B. O., Feldner, M. T., & Forsyth, J. P. (2010). Emotion regulation and the anxiety disorders: An integrative review. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 32(1), 68–82.

Cleverley, K., Szatmari, P., Vaillancourt, T., Boyle, M., & Lipman, E. (2012). Developmental trajectories of physical and indirect aggression from late childhood to adolescence: Sex differences and outcomes in emerging adulthood. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 51(10), 1037-1051.

Cole, P. M. (1994). The development of emotion regulation and dysregulation: A clinical perspective. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 59(2/3), 73–100.

Donahue, J. J., Goranson, A. C., McClure, K. S., & Van Male, L. M. (2014). Emotion dysregulation, negative affect, and aggression: A moderated, multiple mediator analysis. Personality and Individual Differences, 70, 23-28.

Esmaeili, L., Aghaei, A., Abedi, M. R., Esmaeili, M., & Aghaei, M. (2012). The efficacy of emotional regulation on the aggression of epileptic girls (14-18) in Isfahan. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 46, 2183-2187.

Fosca, G.M., (2008). Beyond the Parent-child Dyad: Testing Family Systems Influences on Children,s Emotion Regulation, Doctoral Dissertation ofPhilosophy, Marquette University, Milwauke, Wiscansin.

Ganjeh, Seyyed Alireza; Dehestani, Mehdi and Zadeh Mohammadi, Ali. (2013). Comparison of the Effectiveness of Problem Solving Skills Training and Emotional Intelligence in Reducing Aggression among High School Students. Knowledge and Research in Applied Psychology, Year 14(2), 38-50 [In Persian].

Gardner, F. L., & Moore, Z. E. (2008). Understanding clinical anger and violence the anger avoidance model. Behavior Modification, 32(6), 897–912.

Gratz, K. L., Rosenthal, M. Z., Tull, M. T., Lejuez, C. W., & Gunderson, J. G. (2006). An experimental investigation of emotion dysregulation in borderline personality disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 115(4), 850–855.

Greenberg, L. S., Elliott, R., & Pos, A. E. (2007). Emotion-focused therapy: An overview.

Hayatbakhsh, M. R., Najman, J. M., Bor, W., O’Callaghan, M. J. & Williams, G. M. (2009). Multiple risk factor model predicting cannabis use and use disorders: a longitudinal study. The American journal of drug and Alcohol Abuse, 35(6),399–407.

Heppner, W. L., Kernis, M. H., Lakey, C. E., Campbell, W. K., Goldman, B. M., & Davis, P. J. (2008). Mindfulness as a means of reducing aggressive behavior: Dispositional and situational evidence. Aggressive Behavior, 34(5), 486–496.

Hwang, J. (2006). A processing model of emotion regulation: insights from the attachment system. Doctoral dissertation, College of Arts and Sciences, Georgia State University.

Kun, B., & Demetrovics, Z. (2010). Emotional intelligence and addictions: A systematic review. Substance Use & Misuse, 45(7–8), 1131–1160.

Leahy Robert, L., Dennis, D., Tirch, & Lisa, A. N. (2012). Emotion regulation in psychotherapy: A practitioner's guide. Guilford Press.

Lomas, J., Stough, C., Hansen, K., & Downey, L. A. (2012). Brief report: Emotional intelligence, victimisation and bullying in adolescents. Journal of adolescence, 35(1), 207-211.

Maleki, S., Fallahi Khoshknab, M., Rahgoui, A., & Rahgassar, M. (2011). The effect of group training on anger control skill on aggression among male students aged 12-15 years. Journal of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Iranian Journal of Nursing, 26(69), 26-35 [In Persian].

Miller, J. D., Zeichner, A., & Wilson, L. F. (2012). Personality correlates of aggression evidence from   measures of the five-factor model, UPPS model of impulsivity, and BIS/BAS. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 27(14), 2903–2919.

Mohammadi, M., Farnam, R., & Mahboubi, P. (2011). Relationship between attachment styles and difficulty in emotional regulation with marital satisfaction in Kish Island teachers. Journal of Women and Culture, 2(7), 9-20 [In Persian].

Motabi, f. & Fati, L. (2007). Life skills training "Stress Management and Adaptive Coping". Tehran: Women's Affairs Office of the Ministry of Health, Education, and Medicine [In Persian].

Nasseri, H. (2007). Student Life Skills. Tehran: Deputy of Cultural Affairs and Prevention of the Welfare Organization of Iran [In Persian].

Norstrom, T., & Pape, H. (2010). Alcohol, suppressed anger and violence. Addiction, 105(9), 1580–1586.

Razmjoei, M., Shahim, S. & KhanKahdani salmani, L. (2013). Relationship of language development with physical aggression in infertile mentally retarded children. Quarterly Journal of Rehabilitation Sciences, 9 (6), 1100-1109 [In Persian].

Rio, J. M. (2001). Motivation and Excitement; Yahya Seyyed Mohammadi (2004), Tehran: Publications Publishing, Sixth Edition [In Persian].

Roberton, T., Daffern, M., & Bucks, R. S. (2012). Emotion regulation and aggression. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 17(1), 72-82.

Sanchez-Martin, J. R., Azurmendi, A., Pascual-Sagastizabal, E., Cardas, J., Braza, F., & Braza, P., (2011). Androgen levels and anger and impulsivity measures as predictors of physical, verbal and indirect aggression in boys and girls. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 36(5), 750–760.

Singh, N. N., Lancioni, G. E., Winton, A. S. W., Adkins, A. D., Wahler, R. G., & Sabaawi, M. (2007). Individuals with mental illness can control their aggressive behavior through mindfulness training. Behavior Modification, 31(3), 313–328.

Sprott, J. B., & Doob, A. N. (2000). Bad, sad, and rejected: The lives of aggressive children. Canadian J. Criminology, 42, 123.

Stan, C., & Beldean, I. G. (2014). The Development of Social and Emotional Skills of Students-ways to Reduce the Frequency of Bullying-type Events. Experimental Results. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 114, 735-743.

Sullivan, T. N., Helms, S. W., Kliewer, W., & Goodman, K. L. (2010). Associations between sadness and anger regulation coping, emotional expression, and physical and relational aggression among urban adolescents. Social Development, 19(1), 30–51.

Tager, D., Good, G. E., & Brammer, S. (2010). “Walking over 'em”: An exploration of relations between emotion dysregulation, masculine norms, and intimate partner abuse in a clinical sample of men. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 11(3), 233– 239.

Tajikzada, F., & Sadeghi, R. (2013). Emotional control styles prediction of female students' aggression. Journal of Women and Society Research, 4(4), 113-97 [In Persian].

Tull, M. T., Medaglia, E., & Roemer, L. (2005). An investigation of the construct validity of the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale through the use of a verbalization task. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 59(2), 77–84.

Wilkowski, B. M., & Robinson, M. D. (2008). Clear heads are cool heads: Emotional clarity and the down-regulation of antisocial affect. Cognition and Emotion, 22(2),308–326.

Williams, C., Richardson, D. S., Hammock, G. S., & Janit, A. S. (2012). Perceptions of physical and psychological aggression in close relationships: A review. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 17(6), 489-494.

Williams, G. C., Deci, E. L. (1996). Internalization of bio psychological values by medical students: A test of self-determination theory. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol, 70: 767–779.