The Relationship between Intellectual Capital and Human Resource Productivity: A Meta-Analysis Study
Subject Areas : governmental managementForouzan Safari Ojgaz 1 , Hassan Rangriz 2
1 - PhD Candidate, Department of Human Resource Management, Faculty of Management, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
2 - Associate Professor, Department of Human Resources and Business, Faculty of Management, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
Keywords: Intellectual Capital, meta-analysis, effect size, human resource productivity,
Abstract :
This applied qualitative meta-analysis study explored the relationship between intellectual capital and human resource productivity. The research population comprised 50 dissertations, thesis and articles out of which a sample of 13 was purposefully selected to be analyzed. Expert consensus was employed to verify the identification reliability of the selection, categorization of the research data and the reliability of the coding system used. The significance and effect size reliability was checked via expert agreement of two meta-analyzers on effect size calculation. The results of the met-analysis revealed that intellectual capital was correlated with human resource productivity as a moderator variable. It was also found that among the 26 effect size figures calculated, 15 were high (< 0.5), four were low (from 0.1 to 0.3) and 7 were medium (from 0.3 to 0.5). Also, the results indicated that structural and human dimensions had respectively the greatest effect size with regard to their relationship with human resource productivity.
Abasi,T., Hashemi, M., Armineh, A.R, & Bakhtiari, M. (2015). Explaining the Relationship between Intellectual Capital and Human Productivity with Emphasis Organisational Learning. Journal of public Administration. 6(4): 791- 817. [In Persian]
Abbasi, E, & Sedghi, A. Gh.(2010). Investigating the Effect of Intellectual Capital Elements on the Financial Performance of Companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. Accounting and auditing reviews, 17(60): 57-74.
Ahmed Al-Dujaili, M. A. (2012). Influence of Intellectual Capital in the Organizational Innovation. International Journal of Innovation, Management and Technology, 3(2): 128-135.
Akhondi, A. (2018). The Impact of Intellectual Capital and the Quality of In-Service Training on Human Resource Productivity Maskan Bank. Master's Degree in Public Administration of Islamic Azad University of mazandaran. [In Persian]
Aminalroaya, E, & ghiasi, S. (2017). The effect of social capital and intellectual capital on human resource productivity. Journal of Management Studies, 25(80), 183-209. [In Persian]
Amouei, N., (2017). The Relationship between Components of Intellectual Capital with Primary School Productivity from the Point of View of Teachers and Managers of Semnan, Master's Thesis. [In Persian]
Aspin, Liam. (2004). Teaching and learning Research Programme. Social capital and productivity, 1-34.
Azizi, S.H, & Shafieiroodposhti, M. (2013). Investigating the Relationship between Job Satisfaction and Customer Satisfaction in Service Jobs. Journal of saderat bank, 10(46):89-92. [In Persian]
Baradaran, V & valijani, M. (2015). Investigating the Factors Affecting the Improvement of Human Resource Productivity in the State Tax affairs organization, Tax research paper, 29(77): 165-184. [In Persian]
Bashardoost, M. (2010). Investigating the Relationship between Intellectual Capital and Employee Productivity. Master's Degree in Public Administration of Payam Noor of Tehran. [In Persian]
Bontis, N & Serenko, A. (2004). Meta‐review of knowledge management and intellectual capital literature: citation impact and research productivity rankings. Journal of Corporate transformation, 11(3): 185-198.
Clarke, M., Seng, D., & Whiting, R., H. (2011). Intellectual capital and firm performance in Australia, Journal of Intellectual Capital. 12 (4):505-530.
Chen, F. C., Liu, Z. J. & Long Kwehc, Q. (2014). Intellectual capital and productivity of Malaysian general insurers. Economic Modelling, 36: 413–420.
Cohen, J. (1977). Statistical power Analysis for the behavioral sciences, New York: Academic press.
De Castro, G., and Pedro L. S. (2008). “Intellectual capital in high-tech firms: The case of Spain”. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 9 (1), 25- 36.
Delgado-Verde, M., Martı´n-de Castro, G., & Navas-Lo´pez, J. E. (2011). Organizational knowledge assets and innovation capability. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 12(1): 5-19.
Diez, J. M., Ochoa, M. L., Prieto, M. B. & Santidrian, A. (2010). Intellectual capital and value creation in Spanish firms, Journal of Intellectual Capital, 11 (3): 348-367.
Divanghahi, M & Bashiri, M. (2014). The Relationship between Intellectual Capital and Productivity in the Organization of Education. Journal of Educational Psychology, 3(15): 30-42. [In Persian]
Doostdar, M; Rezaei Kelidbari, H; Masumi, M. (2014), "Examining the impact of intellectual capital on employees' job satisfaction (case study: State Banks of Rasht)”. International Journal of Management and Humanity Sciences. Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 1672-1677.
Ebili, D & saemian, S. (2015). Concepts of philosophy and comprehensive quality management. tadbir Quarterly. 8(2): 115-129. [In Persian]
Eghlima,M., & Ebrahim Najaf Abadi, A. (2011). Evaluate the effect of cultural capital in the amount of happy young women 15-24 years old in Isfahan. Journal of Cultural Research Society, 2(1);6-24.
Ekwe, M. C. (2013), “Effect of intellectual capitals on employee productivity of Banks in developing economies: The Nigeria experience”. Research Journal of Finance and Accounting. Vol. 4, No. 11, pp. 139-149.
Esmaeilnejad, M. (2017). The Impact of Intellectual Capital on Human Resource Productivity. Master's Degree in industrial management of Allameh Tabatabaei university of Tehran. [In Persian]
Firer, S. and Stainbank, L. (2003). Testing the relationship between intellectual capital and a company’s performance: evidence from South Africa, Medicare Accountancy Research, 11; 25-44.
Farahbakhsh, S, & Mohamadi, T. (2015). Investigating the Impact of Job Addiction on Human Resource Productivity by Adjusting Intellectual Capital. Journal of Decision Engineering. 1(2): 147-170. [In Persian]
Ghazi Tabatabaei, M., & Dadhir, A., (2011). Meta-analysis in social research and practice, Tehran: Social and Cultural Studies Office of Tehran Municipality. [In presian]
Ghorbani, M., Mofaredi, B., & Bashiriyan, S. (2012). Study of the relationship between intellectual capital management and organizational innovation in the banks. African Journal of Business Management, 6(15): 5208-5217.
Ghorbani Zadeh, V., (2016). Meta-analysis method with CMA2 software. Baztab publication, 1-88. [In presian]
Goodman & Lee. (2009). The Relationship between Intellectual Capital and Productivity of Managers. Journal of Knowledge and Research, 32-48.
Hanushek, E. A., & Woessmann, L. (2016). Knowledge capital, growth, and the East Asian miracle, Science. 351 (6271), P.p: 344-345.
Hosseini, M., Mazloomi, S, & Chamani, M. (2018). Investigating the Relationship between Intellectual Capital Factors and Employee Productivity. International Conference on Management Coherence and Economics in Development. [In Persian]
Hsu, L. & Wang, H. (2010). Clarifying the effect of intellectual capital on performance: The Mediating Role of Dynamic Capability. British Journal of Management. 23(2): 179-205.
Jahani, A., Azizian, N., Hajinia, M., & khaki, S. (2014). Job Satisfaction and Employee Productivity. First National Conference on Accounting and Management, Shiraz: Kharazmi International Institute for Educational and Research.[In Persian]
Jeferson & Hary. (2008). The Impact of Intellectual Capital on the Productivity of Employees in Private Companies. Journal of Administrative Sciences, 26-18.
Kalkan, A., Bozkurt, O., & Arman, M. (2014). The impacts of intellectual capital, innovation and organizational strategy on firm performance. 10th International Strategic Management Conference, 150, pp. 700-707.
Kakhaki, H & zahedi, S.H. (2013). A model explaining the role of participation in improving of the productivity of public sector employees. Journal of public administration, 11(4): 69-90. [In Persian]
Kiani, N, & Radfar, R. (2016). Identifying and Ranking Factors Affecting Organizational Productivity Using Dimatel Model. Journal of Productivity Management, 9(35): 111-130. [In Persian]
Kujansivu, P. & Lönnqvist, A. (2007). How do Investments in Intellectual Capital Create Profits? International Journal of Learning and Intellectual Capital, 4(3): 256-275.
Madhoushi, M., & Asgharneghad Amiri, M., (2011). Measurement of Intellectual Capital and its Relation to Corporate Returns, Accounting and Auditing Reviews, 17: 101-116. [In presian]
Maciulyte-sniukiene, A., & Gaile-Sarkane, E. (2014). Impact of information and telecommunication technologies development on labour productivity. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 110: 1271-1282.
Namvar, M. (2017). The Effect of Intellectual Capital and Organizational Learning on Employee Productivity. Master's Degree in Sport Management of Mazandaran University of mazandaran. [In Persian]
Nili, P, & Jahanian, R. (2017). The Relationship between Social Capital and Intellectual Capital with Human Resource Productivity in Educational Organizations. 6th International Conference on Modern Research in Management, Economics and Accounting. 1095- 1107. [In Persian]
Nosratpanah, S, Hassani, K, & Yazdi, O. (2013). Investigating the Relationship between Quality of Work Life and Human resource Productivity. Journal of Human Resource Management Research, Imam Hussein University, 4(1): 186-209. [In Persian]
Ola, M. R., Hajizadeh, H, & Saeedi, M. (2017). The relationship between intellectual capital and productivity in Pharmaceutical companies. Financial Accounting and Auditing Research. 8(31): 73-91.
Otadi,L. (2015). Investigating the Impact of Intellectual Capital on Human Resource Productivity in Physical Damage Fund. Master's Degree in Public Administration of Islamic Azad University of Tehran. [In Persian]
Polák,P., (2015). The Productivity Paradox: A Meta-Analysis. Information economics and policy. 1-32.
Phusavat, K. Comepa, N., Sitko-Lutek, A., & Keng-Boon, O. (2011). Interrelationships between intellectual capital and performance. Industrial Management& Data System, 111(6); 810 – 829.
Pirasteh, M., B, Jalilian, H. R, & Mirzaei, H. (2012). The Relationship between Intellectual Capital and Productivity in the Banking Industry. Journal of Money and Economics. 7: 203-234. [In Persian]
Pritchard, A. (2003). Understanding government output and productivity. Economic Trends, 59 (6): 27-40.
Ramezanrour, D. (2011). The Relationship between Intellectual Capital and Productivity of Employees Iranian Ports and Shipping Organization. Master's Degree in Public Administration of Islamic Azad University of Rasht. [In Persian]
Rezghi Shirsavar, H., & Musavi, M, M., (2012). The Relationship between Job Satisfaction and Productivity of Employees Employed in the Medical Unit of Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Journal of Health Management, 3(4): 19. [In Persian]
Rezaei Harandi, H., & Siadat, S., A., (2004). The Relationship between Job Satisfaction and Productivity of Banking Officers in the National Bank of Iran. Summaries of the Third Conference on Administrative Improvement. Tehran: Center for International Broadcasting and Broadcasting. [In Persian]
Rehman, Wasim Ul., Abdul Rehman, Chaudhary. Rehman, Hafeez Ur. & Zahid, Ayesha. (2011). Intellectual capital performance and its impact on corporate performance: An empirical evidence from Modaraba sector of Pakistan. Australian journal of business and management research, 1(5): 8-16.
Roos, G., Pike, S. & Fernstrom, L. (2005). Managing Intellectual Capital in Practice. UK, Elsever Inc.
Roshanifar, M, & Pourasadi, M. J. (2016). Determining the relationship between intellectual capital and human resources productivity at Post Bank branches in Tehran. International Journal of humanities & cultural studies, 1263-1278. http://www.ijhcs.com/index.php/ijhcs/index.
Sayadi, S., Chamanifard, R, & Nikpoor,A. (2016). The mediating role of employee job satisfaction in the relationship between intellectual capital and Human Resource Productivity. Journal of managing productivity. 9(34): 27-44. [In Persian]
Sedigh Servestani, R.m (2001). A meta-analysis carried out in the field of social pathology in Iran, Journal of Social Sciences, 15, 67-103. [In Persian]
Serenko, A. and Bontis, N. (2004) ‘Meta-review of knowledge management and intellectual capital literature: citation impact and research productivity rankings’, Knowledge and Process Management, 11, 185–198.
Soleimanzadeh, F, & Mahmoodzadeh, M. (2017). Investigating the Relationship between Intellectual Capital and Human Productivity. International Conference on Civil Research in Human Resources. 1-11. [In Persian]
Taleghani, R., Tanaoumi, M., M., Farhanghi, A, A., & Zarin Neghar, M, J., (2010). Investigating Factors Affecting Productivity Growth (Case Study: Saman Bank). Journal of Public Administration. 3(7), 115-130. [In Persian]
Taban, M., Hashemi, M, & Mahmoodian, O. (2017). Variables Related to the Promotion of Human Resource Productivity in the Branches of the Social Security Organization in the East of Great Tehran. Social Welfare Quarterly, 16(63): 159-183. [In Persian]
Vaisnen, J., Kujansivu,P. & Lonnqvisttti, A.(2007). Effects of Intellectual Investments on productivity and profitability, International Journal of Learning and intellectual Capital, 4(4): 154-161.
Wang, Y. (2017). Debt market friction, firm-specific knowledge capital accumulation and macroeconomic implications, Review of Economic Dynamics, 26, 19-39.
_||_Abasi,T., Hashemi, M., Armineh, A.R, & Bakhtiari, M. (2015). Explaining the Relationship between Intellectual Capital and Human Productivity with Emphasis Organisational Learning. Journal of public Administration. 6(4): 791- 817. [In Persian]
Abbasi, E, & Sedghi, A. Gh.(2010). Investigating the Effect of Intellectual Capital Elements on the Financial Performance of Companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. Accounting and auditing reviews, 17(60): 57-74.
Ahmed Al-Dujaili, M. A. (2012). Influence of Intellectual Capital in the Organizational Innovation. International Journal of Innovation, Management and Technology, 3(2): 128-135.
Akhondi, A. (2018). The Impact of Intellectual Capital and the Quality of In-Service Training on Human Resource Productivity Maskan Bank. Master's Degree in Public Administration of Islamic Azad University of mazandaran. [In Persian]
Aminalroaya, E, & ghiasi, S. (2017). The effect of social capital and intellectual capital on human resource productivity. Journal of Management Studies, 25(80), 183-209. [In Persian]
Amouei, N., (2017). The Relationship between Components of Intellectual Capital with Primary School Productivity from the Point of View of Teachers and Managers of Semnan, Master's Thesis. [In Persian]
Aspin, Liam. (2004). Teaching and learning Research Programme. Social capital and productivity, 1-34.
Azizi, S.H, & Shafieiroodposhti, M. (2013). Investigating the Relationship between Job Satisfaction and Customer Satisfaction in Service Jobs. Journal of saderat bank, 10(46):89-92. [In Persian]
Baradaran, V & valijani, M. (2015). Investigating the Factors Affecting the Improvement of Human Resource Productivity in the State Tax affairs organization, Tax research paper, 29(77): 165-184. [In Persian]
Bashardoost, M. (2010). Investigating the Relationship between Intellectual Capital and Employee Productivity. Master's Degree in Public Administration of Payam Noor of Tehran. [In Persian]
Bontis, N & Serenko, A. (2004). Meta‐review of knowledge management and intellectual capital literature: citation impact and research productivity rankings. Journal of Corporate transformation, 11(3): 185-198.
Clarke, M., Seng, D., & Whiting, R., H. (2011). Intellectual capital and firm performance in Australia, Journal of Intellectual Capital. 12 (4):505-530.
Chen, F. C., Liu, Z. J. & Long Kwehc, Q. (2014). Intellectual capital and productivity of Malaysian general insurers. Economic Modelling, 36: 413–420.
Cohen, J. (1977). Statistical power Analysis for the behavioral sciences, New York: Academic press.
De Castro, G., and Pedro L. S. (2008). “Intellectual capital in high-tech firms: The case of Spain”. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 9 (1), 25- 36.
Delgado-Verde, M., Martı´n-de Castro, G., & Navas-Lo´pez, J. E. (2011). Organizational knowledge assets and innovation capability. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 12(1): 5-19.
Diez, J. M., Ochoa, M. L., Prieto, M. B. & Santidrian, A. (2010). Intellectual capital and value creation in Spanish firms, Journal of Intellectual Capital, 11 (3): 348-367.
Divanghahi, M & Bashiri, M. (2014). The Relationship between Intellectual Capital and Productivity in the Organization of Education. Journal of Educational Psychology, 3(15): 30-42. [In Persian]
Doostdar, M; Rezaei Kelidbari, H; Masumi, M. (2014), "Examining the impact of intellectual capital on employees' job satisfaction (case study: State Banks of Rasht)”. International Journal of Management and Humanity Sciences. Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 1672-1677.
Ebili, D & saemian, S. (2015). Concepts of philosophy and comprehensive quality management. tadbir Quarterly. 8(2): 115-129. [In Persian]
Eghlima,M., & Ebrahim Najaf Abadi, A. (2011). Evaluate the effect of cultural capital in the amount of happy young women 15-24 years old in Isfahan. Journal of Cultural Research Society, 2(1);6-24.
Ekwe, M. C. (2013), “Effect of intellectual capitals on employee productivity of Banks in developing economies: The Nigeria experience”. Research Journal of Finance and Accounting. Vol. 4, No. 11, pp. 139-149.
Esmaeilnejad, M. (2017). The Impact of Intellectual Capital on Human Resource Productivity. Master's Degree in industrial management of Allameh Tabatabaei university of Tehran. [In Persian]
Firer, S. and Stainbank, L. (2003). Testing the relationship between intellectual capital and a company’s performance: evidence from South Africa, Medicare Accountancy Research, 11; 25-44.
Farahbakhsh, S, & Mohamadi, T. (2015). Investigating the Impact of Job Addiction on Human Resource Productivity by Adjusting Intellectual Capital. Journal of Decision Engineering. 1(2): 147-170. [In Persian]
Ghazi Tabatabaei, M., & Dadhir, A., (2011). Meta-analysis in social research and practice, Tehran: Social and Cultural Studies Office of Tehran Municipality. [In presian]
Ghorbani, M., Mofaredi, B., & Bashiriyan, S. (2012). Study of the relationship between intellectual capital management and organizational innovation in the banks. African Journal of Business Management, 6(15): 5208-5217.
Ghorbani Zadeh, V., (2016). Meta-analysis method with CMA2 software. Baztab publication, 1-88. [In presian]
Goodman & Lee. (2009). The Relationship between Intellectual Capital and Productivity of Managers. Journal of Knowledge and Research, 32-48.
Hanushek, E. A., & Woessmann, L. (2016). Knowledge capital, growth, and the East Asian miracle, Science. 351 (6271), P.p: 344-345.
Hosseini, M., Mazloomi, S, & Chamani, M. (2018). Investigating the Relationship between Intellectual Capital Factors and Employee Productivity. International Conference on Management Coherence and Economics in Development. [In Persian]
Hsu, L. & Wang, H. (2010). Clarifying the effect of intellectual capital on performance: The Mediating Role of Dynamic Capability. British Journal of Management. 23(2): 179-205.
Jahani, A., Azizian, N., Hajinia, M., & khaki, S. (2014). Job Satisfaction and Employee Productivity. First National Conference on Accounting and Management, Shiraz: Kharazmi International Institute for Educational and Research.[In Persian]
Jeferson & Hary. (2008). The Impact of Intellectual Capital on the Productivity of Employees in Private Companies. Journal of Administrative Sciences, 26-18.
Kalkan, A., Bozkurt, O., & Arman, M. (2014). The impacts of intellectual capital, innovation and organizational strategy on firm performance. 10th International Strategic Management Conference, 150, pp. 700-707.
Kakhaki, H & zahedi, S.H. (2013). A model explaining the role of participation in improving of the productivity of public sector employees. Journal of public administration, 11(4): 69-90. [In Persian]
Kiani, N, & Radfar, R. (2016). Identifying and Ranking Factors Affecting Organizational Productivity Using Dimatel Model. Journal of Productivity Management, 9(35): 111-130. [In Persian]
Kujansivu, P. & Lönnqvist, A. (2007). How do Investments in Intellectual Capital Create Profits? International Journal of Learning and Intellectual Capital, 4(3): 256-275.
Madhoushi, M., & Asgharneghad Amiri, M., (2011). Measurement of Intellectual Capital and its Relation to Corporate Returns, Accounting and Auditing Reviews, 17: 101-116. [In presian]
Maciulyte-sniukiene, A., & Gaile-Sarkane, E. (2014). Impact of information and telecommunication technologies development on labour productivity. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 110: 1271-1282.
Namvar, M. (2017). The Effect of Intellectual Capital and Organizational Learning on Employee Productivity. Master's Degree in Sport Management of Mazandaran University of mazandaran. [In Persian]
Nili, P, & Jahanian, R. (2017). The Relationship between Social Capital and Intellectual Capital with Human Resource Productivity in Educational Organizations. 6th International Conference on Modern Research in Management, Economics and Accounting. 1095- 1107. [In Persian]
Nosratpanah, S, Hassani, K, & Yazdi, O. (2013). Investigating the Relationship between Quality of Work Life and Human resource Productivity. Journal of Human Resource Management Research, Imam Hussein University, 4(1): 186-209. [In Persian]
Ola, M. R., Hajizadeh, H, & Saeedi, M. (2017). The relationship between intellectual capital and productivity in Pharmaceutical companies. Financial Accounting and Auditing Research. 8(31): 73-91.
Otadi,L. (2015). Investigating the Impact of Intellectual Capital on Human Resource Productivity in Physical Damage Fund. Master's Degree in Public Administration of Islamic Azad University of Tehran. [In Persian]
Polák,P., (2015). The Productivity Paradox: A Meta-Analysis. Information economics and policy. 1-32.
Phusavat, K. Comepa, N., Sitko-Lutek, A., & Keng-Boon, O. (2011). Interrelationships between intellectual capital and performance. Industrial Management& Data System, 111(6); 810 – 829.
Pirasteh, M., B, Jalilian, H. R, & Mirzaei, H. (2012). The Relationship between Intellectual Capital and Productivity in the Banking Industry. Journal of Money and Economics. 7: 203-234. [In Persian]
Pritchard, A. (2003). Understanding government output and productivity. Economic Trends, 59 (6): 27-40.
Ramezanrour, D. (2011). The Relationship between Intellectual Capital and Productivity of Employees Iranian Ports and Shipping Organization. Master's Degree in Public Administration of Islamic Azad University of Rasht. [In Persian]
Rezghi Shirsavar, H., & Musavi, M, M., (2012). The Relationship between Job Satisfaction and Productivity of Employees Employed in the Medical Unit of Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Journal of Health Management, 3(4): 19. [In Persian]
Rezaei Harandi, H., & Siadat, S., A., (2004). The Relationship between Job Satisfaction and Productivity of Banking Officers in the National Bank of Iran. Summaries of the Third Conference on Administrative Improvement. Tehran: Center for International Broadcasting and Broadcasting. [In Persian]
Rehman, Wasim Ul., Abdul Rehman, Chaudhary. Rehman, Hafeez Ur. & Zahid, Ayesha. (2011). Intellectual capital performance and its impact on corporate performance: An empirical evidence from Modaraba sector of Pakistan. Australian journal of business and management research, 1(5): 8-16.
Roos, G., Pike, S. & Fernstrom, L. (2005). Managing Intellectual Capital in Practice. UK, Elsever Inc.
Roshanifar, M, & Pourasadi, M. J. (2016). Determining the relationship between intellectual capital and human resources productivity at Post Bank branches in Tehran. International Journal of humanities & cultural studies, 1263-1278. http://www.ijhcs.com/index.php/ijhcs/index.
Sayadi, S., Chamanifard, R, & Nikpoor,A. (2016). The mediating role of employee job satisfaction in the relationship between intellectual capital and Human Resource Productivity. Journal of managing productivity. 9(34): 27-44. [In Persian]
Sedigh Servestani, R.m (2001). A meta-analysis carried out in the field of social pathology in Iran, Journal of Social Sciences, 15, 67-103. [In Persian]
Serenko, A. and Bontis, N. (2004) ‘Meta-review of knowledge management and intellectual capital literature: citation impact and research productivity rankings’, Knowledge and Process Management, 11, 185–198.
Soleimanzadeh, F, & Mahmoodzadeh, M. (2017). Investigating the Relationship between Intellectual Capital and Human Productivity. International Conference on Civil Research in Human Resources. 1-11. [In Persian]
Taleghani, R., Tanaoumi, M., M., Farhanghi, A, A., & Zarin Neghar, M, J., (2010). Investigating Factors Affecting Productivity Growth (Case Study: Saman Bank). Journal of Public Administration. 3(7), 115-130. [In Persian]
Taban, M., Hashemi, M, & Mahmoodian, O. (2017). Variables Related to the Promotion of Human Resource Productivity in the Branches of the Social Security Organization in the East of Great Tehran. Social Welfare Quarterly, 16(63): 159-183. [In Persian]
Vaisnen, J., Kujansivu,P. & Lonnqvisttti, A.(2007). Effects of Intellectual Investments on productivity and profitability, International Journal of Learning and intellectual Capital, 4(4): 154-161.
Wang, Y. (2017). Debt market friction, firm-specific knowledge capital accumulation and macroeconomic implications, Review of Economic Dynamics, 26, 19-39.
