To Study the Relationship between Intellectual Capital and Productivity in Iran Productive Industries
Subject Areas : Business ManagementMohammadreza Tabibi 1 , Arezoo Vahebi 2 , Vahid Noornejad 3
1 - Assistant Professor of Business Administration, Faculty of Economics and Administration, Mazandaran University, Iran
2 - Master of Industrial Management, Imam Khomeini International University
3 - Master of Business Administration, Mazandaran University
Keywords: Intellectual Capital, Labor Productivity, Capital Productivity, VAIC,
Abstract :
Successful companies have realized that investment on intellectual capital to create valuable products and services is essential. Moreover, in unsafe situations for new investment, enterprise has no choice except optimal use of available resources, Productivity is defined as an efficient and effective use of resources for production. The importance of this research is in highlighting the role of intellectual capital in the productivity of materials and chemical products industry. Firstly, in this study the value of intellectual capital investment companies based on the method applied and also the value of productivity based on productivity indicators presented by national Iranian productivity organization for a period of 10 years from 1379 to 1388 calculated and next the relationship between intellectual capital and the productivity of investment companies in Tehran stock exchange of material and chemical products has been assessed. The statistical method used to analyze data is GLS. General purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between intellectual capital and company productivity. The important finding of this research is a positive relation between human capital efficiency and labor productivity.
Ahangar, R. G. (2011), The Relationship between Intellectual Capital and Financial Performance: An Empirical Investigation in an Iranian Company. African Journal of Business Management, 5(1), 68-75.
Bontis, N. (1998), Intellectual Capital: an Exploratory Study that Develops Measures and Models. Management Decision, 36(2), 63-76.
Bontis, N., Dragonetti, N., Jacobsen, K., & Roos, G. (1999), The KnowledgeToolbox: A Review of the Tools Available to Measure and Manage Intangible Resources. European Management Journal, 17(4), 391-402.
Bontis, N., Crossan, M. M., & Hulland, J. (2002), Managing an Organizational Learning System by Aligning Stocks and Flows. Journal of Management Studies, 39(4), 437-469.
Bozbura, F. (2004), Measurement and Application of Intellectual Capital in Turkey. The Learning Organization, 11(4/5), 357-367.
Bozbura, F. T., & Beskese, A. (2007), Prioritization of Organizational Capital Measurement Indicators Using Fuzzy AHP. International Journal of Approximate Reasoning, 44(2), 124-147.
Calisir, F., Gumussoy, C. A., Bayraktaroglu, A. E., & Deniz, E. (2010), Intellectual Capital in the Quoted Turkish ITC Sector. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 11(4), 538-554.
Chan, K. H. (2009), Impact of Intellectual Capital on Organisational Performance: an Empirical Study of Companies in the Hang Seng Index (Part 1). The Learning Organization, 16(1), 4-21.
Chen, J., Zhu, Z., & Xie, H. (2004), Measuring Intellectual Capital: A New Model and Empirical Study. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 5(1), 195-212.
Chen, M. C., Cheng, S. J., & Hwang, Y. (2005), An Empirical Investigation of the Relationship between Intellectual Capital and Firms Market Value and Financial Performance. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 6(2), 159-176.
Chun Huang,Y., & Chun Jim Wu, Y. (2007), Intellectual Capital and Knowledge Productivity: The Taiwan Biotech Industry. International Journal of Management Decision, 48(4), 580-599.
Cohen, S., & Kaimenakis, K. (2007), Intellectual Capital and Corporate Performance in Knowledge–Intensive SMSs. The Learning Organization, 3, 241-262.
Costa, R. (2012), Assessing Intellectual Capital Efficiency and Productivity: An Application to the Italian Yacht Manufacturing Sector. Expert Systems with Applications, 39, 7255-7261.
Damodar, G. (2010), Basics of Econometrics.Tehran: University of Tehran Press (UTP), (In Persian).
Firer, S., & Williams, S. M. (2003), Intellectual Capital and Traditional Measures of Corporate Performance. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 4(3), 348-360.
Ghosh, S., & Mondal, A. (2009), Indian Software and Pharmaceutical Sector IC and Financial Performance. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 10(3), 369-388.
Hashemi, M., Abasi, T., Aramineh, A., & Bakhtiari, M. (2014), Explaining the Relationship between Intellectual Capital and Human Resource Productivity with Emphasis on Organizational Learning. Quarterly Journal Public Administration, 6(4). 791-817, (In Persian).
Hannula, M. (2002), Total Productivity Measurement based on Partial Productivity Ratios. International Journal of Production Economics, 78(1), 57-67.
Hsu, L., & Wang, H. (2010), Clarifying the Effect of Intellectual Capital on Performance: The Mediating Role of Dynamic Capability. British Journal of Management, 23(2), 179-205.
Izadinia, N., & Mobasheri, M. (2015), Determining Correlation of Intellectual Capital Resources and their Impact on the Value of Companies Accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange. Quarterly Financial Accounting, 6(24), 22-40, (In Persian).
Joia, L. A., & Malheiros, R. (2010), Evidências Empíricas Da Influência De Alianças Estratégicas No Capital Intellectual De Empresas. Revista de Administração e Contabilidade de Unisinos, 7(2), 162-177.
Kendrick, J. W., & Creamer, D. B. (1965), Measuring Company Productivity: Handbook with Case Studies.
Kujansivu, P., & Lonnqvist, A. (2007), Investigating the Value and Efficiency of Intellectual Capital. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 8(2), 272-287.
Lönnqvist, A., Jääskeläinen, A., & Käpyla, J. (2010), Identifying Future Challenges for Productivity Research: Evidence from Finland. Productivity and Performance Management, 59(7), 607-623.
Mojtahedzadeh, V., Alavi Tabari, S. H., & Mehdizadeh, M. (2010), The Relation of Intellectual Capital (Human, Customer and Structural) and the Performance of the Insurance Industry (From the Perspective of Managers). The Iranian Accounting and Auditing Review, 17(60), 109-119, (In Persian).
Madhoushi, M., & Asgharnejad, M. (2009), Measuring Intellectual Capital and Investigate the Association between the Intellectual Capital and Financial Returns of Companies. The Iranian Accounting and Auditing Review, 17(57), 101-116, (In Persian).
Mohammadi Pirasteh, S. M. B., Jalilian, H., & Mirzaee, H. (2012), The Relationship between Intellectual Capital and Productivity in the Banking Industry (Case Study: Lorestan Province Banks). Quarterly Money And Economy, (7), 203-234, (In Persian).
Manolova, T. S., Onkelinx, J. E., & Linda, F. (2016), The Human Factor: Investments in Employee Human Capital, Productivity, and SME Internationalization. Journal of International Management, 22(4), 351-364.
National Iranian Productivity Organization. (1997), Guidance on Measuring and Analyzing Productivity in Industrial Units.Yazd: Basir Publisher, (In Persian).
Namazi, M., & Ebrahimi, Sh. (2009), Investigating the Impact of Intellectual Capital on Current and Future Financial Performance of Companies Accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange. Accounting Research, 4, 1-22, (In Persian).
Ola, M., Hajizadeh, H., & Saeedi, M. (2016), The Relationship between Intellectual Capital and Productivity in Pharmaceutical Companies. Financial Accounting and Auditing Research. 8(31), 73-91, (In Persian).
Pulic, A. (2000), VAIC™–an Accounting Tool for IC Management. International Journal of Technology Management, 20(5),702-714.
Petty, R. M., Cuganesan, S., Finch, N., & Ford, G. (2009), Intellectual Capital and Valuation: Challenges in the voluntary Disclosure of Value Drivers. Finance and Accountancy. 1(1), 1-7.
Roos, G., & Roos, J. (1997), Measuring Your Company's Intellectual Performance. Long Range Planning, 30(3), 413-426.
Shams, Sh., & Khalili, M. (2011), Investigating the Relationship between Intellectual Capital And Financial Performance of Companies Accepted In Tehran Stock Exchange. Journal of Financial Management and Accounting Perspective. (1), 51-65, (In Persian).
Shafia, M., Sohrabi, B., Raeesi Vanani, I., & Faghih Mirzaii, S. (2009), A Model to Evaluation Components of Intellectual Capital. International Conference on Intellectual Capital Management, Zanjan Science and Technology Park-Indtitute for Advance Studies in Basic Science, (In Persian).
Sharabati, A. A. A., Jawad, S. N., & Bontis, N. (2010), Intellectual Capital and Business Performance in the Pharmaceutical Sector of Jordan. Management Decision, 48(1), 105-131.
Shiu, H. (2006), Application of the VAIC Method to Measures of Corporate Performance: A Quantile Regression Approach. Journal of American Academy of Business, 8(2), 156-160.
Sumanth, D., & Einspruck, N. (1980), Productivity Awareness in the US: A Survey of Some Major Corporations. Industrial Engineering, 12(10), 84-90.
Vaisanen, J., Kujansivu, P., & Lonnqvist, A. (2007), Effects of Intellectual Capital Investments on Productivity and Profitability. International Journal of Learning and Intellectual Capital, 4(4), 377-391.
Zali, M., Madhoushi, M., & Mehdivand, M. M. (2010), Strategic Role of Intellectual Capital and Its Impact on Organizational Performance in Nano Business. Tehran, the 5th International Conference on Strategic Management, (In Persian).
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Ahangar, R. G. (2011), The Relationship between Intellectual Capital and Financial Performance: An Empirical Investigation in an Iranian Company. African Journal of Business Management, 5(1), 68-75.
Bontis, N. (1998), Intellectual Capital: an Exploratory Study that Develops Measures and Models. Management Decision, 36(2), 63-76.
Bontis, N., Dragonetti, N., Jacobsen, K., & Roos, G. (1999), The KnowledgeToolbox: A Review of the Tools Available to Measure and Manage Intangible Resources. European Management Journal, 17(4), 391-402.
Bontis, N., Crossan, M. M., & Hulland, J. (2002), Managing an Organizational Learning System by Aligning Stocks and Flows. Journal of Management Studies, 39(4), 437-469.
Bozbura, F. (2004), Measurement and Application of Intellectual Capital in Turkey. The Learning Organization, 11(4/5), 357-367.
Bozbura, F. T., & Beskese, A. (2007), Prioritization of Organizational Capital Measurement Indicators Using Fuzzy AHP. International Journal of Approximate Reasoning, 44(2), 124-147.
Calisir, F., Gumussoy, C. A., Bayraktaroglu, A. E., & Deniz, E. (2010), Intellectual Capital in the Quoted Turkish ITC Sector. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 11(4), 538-554.
Chan, K. H. (2009), Impact of Intellectual Capital on Organisational Performance: an Empirical Study of Companies in the Hang Seng Index (Part 1). The Learning Organization, 16(1), 4-21.
Chen, J., Zhu, Z., & Xie, H. (2004), Measuring Intellectual Capital: A New Model and Empirical Study. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 5(1), 195-212.
Chen, M. C., Cheng, S. J., & Hwang, Y. (2005), An Empirical Investigation of the Relationship between Intellectual Capital and Firms Market Value and Financial Performance. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 6(2), 159-176.
Chun Huang,Y., & Chun Jim Wu, Y. (2007), Intellectual Capital and Knowledge Productivity: The Taiwan Biotech Industry. International Journal of Management Decision, 48(4), 580-599.
Cohen, S., & Kaimenakis, K. (2007), Intellectual Capital and Corporate Performance in Knowledge–Intensive SMSs. The Learning Organization, 3, 241-262.
Costa, R. (2012), Assessing Intellectual Capital Efficiency and Productivity: An Application to the Italian Yacht Manufacturing Sector. Expert Systems with Applications, 39, 7255-7261.
Damodar, G. (2010), Basics of Econometrics.Tehran: University of Tehran Press (UTP), (In Persian).
Firer, S., & Williams, S. M. (2003), Intellectual Capital and Traditional Measures of Corporate Performance. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 4(3), 348-360.
Ghosh, S., & Mondal, A. (2009), Indian Software and Pharmaceutical Sector IC and Financial Performance. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 10(3), 369-388.
Hashemi, M., Abasi, T., Aramineh, A., & Bakhtiari, M. (2014), Explaining the Relationship between Intellectual Capital and Human Resource Productivity with Emphasis on Organizational Learning. Quarterly Journal Public Administration, 6(4). 791-817, (In Persian).
Hannula, M. (2002), Total Productivity Measurement based on Partial Productivity Ratios. International Journal of Production Economics, 78(1), 57-67.
Hsu, L., & Wang, H. (2010), Clarifying the Effect of Intellectual Capital on Performance: The Mediating Role of Dynamic Capability. British Journal of Management, 23(2), 179-205.
Izadinia, N., & Mobasheri, M. (2015), Determining Correlation of Intellectual Capital Resources and their Impact on the Value of Companies Accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange. Quarterly Financial Accounting, 6(24), 22-40, (In Persian).
Joia, L. A., & Malheiros, R. (2010), Evidências Empíricas Da Influência De Alianças Estratégicas No Capital Intellectual De Empresas. Revista de Administração e Contabilidade de Unisinos, 7(2), 162-177.
Kendrick, J. W., & Creamer, D. B. (1965), Measuring Company Productivity: Handbook with Case Studies.
Kujansivu, P., & Lonnqvist, A. (2007), Investigating the Value and Efficiency of Intellectual Capital. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 8(2), 272-287.
Lönnqvist, A., Jääskeläinen, A., & Käpyla, J. (2010), Identifying Future Challenges for Productivity Research: Evidence from Finland. Productivity and Performance Management, 59(7), 607-623.
Mojtahedzadeh, V., Alavi Tabari, S. H., & Mehdizadeh, M. (2010), The Relation of Intellectual Capital (Human, Customer and Structural) and the Performance of the Insurance Industry (From the Perspective of Managers). The Iranian Accounting and Auditing Review, 17(60), 109-119, (In Persian).
Madhoushi, M., & Asgharnejad, M. (2009), Measuring Intellectual Capital and Investigate the Association between the Intellectual Capital and Financial Returns of Companies. The Iranian Accounting and Auditing Review, 17(57), 101-116, (In Persian).
Mohammadi Pirasteh, S. M. B., Jalilian, H., & Mirzaee, H. (2012), The Relationship between Intellectual Capital and Productivity in the Banking Industry (Case Study: Lorestan Province Banks). Quarterly Money And Economy, (7), 203-234, (In Persian).
Manolova, T. S., Onkelinx, J. E., & Linda, F. (2016), The Human Factor: Investments in Employee Human Capital, Productivity, and SME Internationalization. Journal of International Management, 22(4), 351-364.
National Iranian Productivity Organization. (1997), Guidance on Measuring and Analyzing Productivity in Industrial Units.Yazd: Basir Publisher, (In Persian).
Namazi, M., & Ebrahimi, Sh. (2009), Investigating the Impact of Intellectual Capital on Current and Future Financial Performance of Companies Accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange. Accounting Research, 4, 1-22, (In Persian).
Ola, M., Hajizadeh, H., & Saeedi, M. (2016), The Relationship between Intellectual Capital and Productivity in Pharmaceutical Companies. Financial Accounting and Auditing Research. 8(31), 73-91, (In Persian).
Pulic, A. (2000), VAIC™–an Accounting Tool for IC Management. International Journal of Technology Management, 20(5),702-714.
Petty, R. M., Cuganesan, S., Finch, N., & Ford, G. (2009), Intellectual Capital and Valuation: Challenges in the voluntary Disclosure of Value Drivers. Finance and Accountancy. 1(1), 1-7.
Roos, G., & Roos, J. (1997), Measuring Your Company's Intellectual Performance. Long Range Planning, 30(3), 413-426.
Shams, Sh., & Khalili, M. (2011), Investigating the Relationship between Intellectual Capital And Financial Performance of Companies Accepted In Tehran Stock Exchange. Journal of Financial Management and Accounting Perspective. (1), 51-65, (In Persian).
Shafia, M., Sohrabi, B., Raeesi Vanani, I., & Faghih Mirzaii, S. (2009), A Model to Evaluation Components of Intellectual Capital. International Conference on Intellectual Capital Management, Zanjan Science and Technology Park-Indtitute for Advance Studies in Basic Science, (In Persian).
Sharabati, A. A. A., Jawad, S. N., & Bontis, N. (2010), Intellectual Capital and Business Performance in the Pharmaceutical Sector of Jordan. Management Decision, 48(1), 105-131.
Shiu, H. (2006), Application of the VAIC Method to Measures of Corporate Performance: A Quantile Regression Approach. Journal of American Academy of Business, 8(2), 156-160.
Sumanth, D., & Einspruck, N. (1980), Productivity Awareness in the US: A Survey of Some Major Corporations. Industrial Engineering, 12(10), 84-90.
Vaisanen, J., Kujansivu, P., & Lonnqvist, A. (2007), Effects of Intellectual Capital Investments on Productivity and Profitability. International Journal of Learning and Intellectual Capital, 4(4), 377-391.
Zali, M., Madhoushi, M., & Mehdivand, M. M. (2010), Strategic Role of Intellectual Capital and Its Impact on Organizational Performance in Nano Business. Tehran, the 5th International Conference on Strategic Management, (In Persian).
