The Effect of Dried Barberry Root Supplementation on Muscular Pain and Serum Antioxidant Enzymes Following a Session of Eccentric Exhaustion Exercise in Non-athlete Women

Subject Areas : Open Access

Nematollah Nikmanesh ¹ , hadi ghaedi ²

1 - Department of Sports Physiology, Lamerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Lamerd, Iran
2 - Department of Sports Physiology, Lamerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Lamerd, Iran

Received: 2020-12-23 Accepted : 2021-04-01 Published : 2021-02-19

Keywords: Antioxidant enzymes, Muscular pain, eccentric exhaustion activity,

Abstract :

Introduction: Antioxidant use can affect delayed muscle soreness, inflammation, and oxidative markers. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of dried barberry root supplementation on muscle pain and serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) following a session of eccentric exhausting activity in non-athlete women. Materials and methods: In this quasi-experimental study, thirty non-athlete women aged 20 to 30 years were randomly divided into three groups of 10, including 1- eccentric exhaustion activity (control group), 2- eccentric exhaustion activity + placebo (placebo group) and 3- eccentric exhaustion activity + barberry supplement (Barberry group). On the pretest day, all three groups participated in an exhaustive eccentric activity. Blood samples were taken from the subjects before and after the activity. Then, the subjects participated in a group-specific supplementation program for 2 weeks. Groups 2 and 3 received dried barberry root and flour powder with a daily dose of 3 capsules of 250 mg respectively. After two weeks of receiving the interventions, all three groups again participated in the post-test similar to the pre-test in the eccentric exhausting physical activity with the same intensity and duration .Blood samples were taken again from the subjects before and after this activity To analyze the data, 2×  4 factor analysis of variance (2 groups and 4 times of measurement)  including Bonferroni post- hoc test was used(P≥0.05). Findings: Eccentric exhausting activity and eccentric exhausting activity+barberry supplement had no significant effect on changes in serum levels of SOD and CAT (P≤0.05). Althougheccentric exhausting activity significantly increased serum GPX levels and muscle pain (P≤0.05); this increase was less in the barberry supplement group (P≥0.05). Conclusion: It seems that one session of eccentric exhausting activity can increase muscle soreness and serum GPX levels in non-athlete women. However, 14 days of barberry supplementation can reduce its levels.

References:

1. Pesenti FB, da Silva RA, da Silva LA, Frisseli A, Macedo CdSG. Cold water immersion effects on doms, muscle recruitment, dynamic postural control and sleep quality in soccer players: A randomized and blinded study. Physical Ther Sport. 2020; 45: e4. [DOI:10.1016/j.ptsp.2020.04.017]


2. Asjodi F, Arazi H, Samarin SF. Comparing the effects of dietary supplementation with carbohydrate and whey protein at two ratios on muscle damage indices after eccentric resistance exercise. Iranian J Nutr Sci Food Tech. 2013; 7 (4): 83- 92. http://nsft.sbmu.ac.ir/article-1-933-fa.html


3. Braun WA, Dutto DJ. The effects of a single bout of downhill running and ensuing delayed onset of muscle soreness on running economy performed 48 h later. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2003; 90 (1): 29- 34. [DOI:10.1007/s00421-003-0857-8] [PMID:12783232]


4. White JP, Wilson JM, Austin KG, Greer BK, St John N, Panton LB. Effect of carbohydrate-protein supplement timing on acute exercise-induced muscle damage. J Int Society Sports Nutr. 2008; 5 (1): 1- 7. [DOI:10.1186/1550-2783-5-5]


5. Close GL, Ashton T, Cable T, Doran D, Holloway C, McArdle F, et al. Ascorbic acid supplementation does not attenuate post-exercise muscle soreness following muscle-damaging exercise but may delay the recovery process. Br J Nutr. 2006; 95 (5): 976- 81. [DOI:10.1079/bjn20061732] [PMID:16611389]


6. Adwas AA, Elsayed A, Azab A, Quwaydir F. Oxidative stress and antioxidant mechanisms in human body. J Appl Biotechnol Bioeng. 2019; 6 (1): 43. [DOI:10.15406/jabb.2019.06.00173]


7. Ighodaro O, Akinloye O. First line defence antioxidants-superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX): Their fundamental role in the entire antioxidant defence grid. Alex J Med. 2018; 54(4): 287- 93. [DOI:10.1016/j.ajme.2017.09.001]


8. Cooper C, Vollaard NB, Choueiri T, Wilson M. Exercise, free radicals and oxidative stress. Biochem Society Trans. 2002; 30 (2): 280- 5. [PMID:12023865]


9. Kheyrdeh M, Nora M, Fashi RJ, Rakhshanizadeh A. The effect of eight weeks of high intensity interval training with Citrus Aurantium extract consumption on oxidative stress and antioxidant levels of soleus muscle in elderly rats. Res Sport Sci Med Plants. 1 (1): 29- 38. [DOI:10.30495/varzesh.2020.677910]


10. Tokmakidis SP, Volaklis KA. Training and detraining effects of a combined-strength and aerobic exercise program on blood lipids in patients with coronary artery disease. J Cardiopulm Rehabil. 2003; 23 (3): 193- 200. [DOI:10.1097/00008483-200305000-00006] [PMID:12782903]


11. Finaud J, Lac G, Filaire E. Oxidative stress : relationship with exercise and training. Sports Med. 2006;36(4):327-58. [DOI:10.2165/00007256-200636040-00004] [PMID:16573358]


12. Sen CK. Antioxidants in exercise nutrition. Sports Med. 2001; 31 (13): 891- 908. [DOI:10.2165/00007256-200131130-00001] [PMID:11708399]


13. Gomez-Cabrera M-C, Domenech E, Viña J. Moderate exercise is an antioxidant: upregulation of antioxidant genes by training. Free Radical Biol Med. 2008; 44 (2): 126- 31. [DOI:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.02.001] [PMID:18191748]


14. Jamurtas AZ, Fatouros IG. Eccentric exercise, muscle damage and oxidative stress. International Perspective on Topics in Sports Medicine and Sports Injury. 2012. IPTSMSI. 2012; 2012: 113- 130. [DOI:10.5772/28588]


15. Arvin Z, Hoseini SA. The effect of swimming training with Coriandrum Sativum extract on glycemic indices in diabetic rats. Res Sport Sci Med Plants. 1 (1): 19- 28. [DOI:10.30495/varzesh.2020.677909]


16. Khorasani A. Treasure of pharmacy. Tehran: Islamic Revolution Edu Pub; 1991.


17. Končić MZ, Kremer D, Karlović K, Kosalec I. Evaluation of antioxidant activities and phenolic content of Berberis vulgaris L. and Berberis croatica Horvat. Food Chem Toxicol. 2010; 48 (8-9): 2176- 80. [DOI:10.1016/j.fct.2010.05.025] [PMID:20488218]


18. Malayeri MRM, Dadkhah A, Fatemi F, Dini S, Torabi F, Tavajjoh MM, et al. Chemotherapeutic effect of Berberis integerrima hydroalcoholic extract on colon cancer development in the 1, 2-dimethyl hydrazine rat model. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C. 2016; 71 (7-8): 225- 32. [DOI:10.1515/znc-2015-0117] [PMID:27232632]


19. Mahdavi N, Joukar S, Najafipour H, Asadi-Shekaari M. The promising effect of barberry (Zereshk) extract against experimental pulmonary microvascular remodeling and hypertension: A comparison with sildenafil. Pharmaceut Biol. 2016; 54 (3): 509- 15. [DOI:10.3109/13880209.2015.1050676] [PMID:26023989]


20. Zarei A, Changizi-Ashtiyani S, Taheri S, Ramezani M. A quick overview on some aspects of endocrinological and therapeutic effects of Berberis vulgaris L. Avicenna J Phytomed. 2015; 5 (6): 485. [PMID:26693406] [PMC:4678494].


21. Thirupurasundari CJ, Padmini R, Devaraj SN. Effect of berberine on the antioxidant status, ultrastructural modifications and protein bound carbohydrates in azoxymethane-induced colon cancer in rats. Chem Biol Interact. 2009; 177 (3): 190- 5. [DOI:10.1016/j.cbi.2008.09.027]


22. Ashraf H, Zare S, Farnad N. The effect of aqueous extract of barberry fruit on liver damage in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Shahrekord Uuniv Med Sci. 2013; 15. http://78.39.35.44/article-1-1304-en.html


23. Motalleb G, Hanachi P, Kua S. Evaluation of phenolic content and total antioxidant activity in Berberis vulgaris fruit extract. J Biol Sci. 2005; 5 (5): 648-653. [DOI:10.3923/jbs.2005.648.653]


24. Morihara N, Nishihama T, Ushijima M, Ide N, Takeda H, Hayama M. Garlic as an anti‐fatigue agent. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2007; 51 (11): 1329- 34. [DOI:10.1002/mnfr.200700062]


25. Basu A, Penugonda K. Pomegranate juice: a heart-healthy fruit juice. Nutr Rev. 2009; 67 (1): 49- 56. [DOI:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2008.00133.x] [PMID:19146506]


26. Trombold JR, Reinfeld AS, Casler JR, Coyle EF. The effect of pomegranate juice supplementation on strength and soreness after eccentric exercise. J Strength Cond Res. 2011; 25 (7): 1782- 8. [DOI:10.1519/JSC.0b013e318220d992] [PMID: 21659887]


27. Nematshahi M, MirHamidi SM, Asadi A. The effect of dried barberry root on the symptoms of opiate withdrawal syndrome in patients undergoing methadone maintenance therapy-double-blind clinical trial. 2020. [DOI:10.29252/jmp.19.74.335]


28. Balaghi Inaloo F, Shakeryan S, Ghanbarzadeh M. The effects of two acute eccentric and concentric exercises on serum irisin level and insulin resistance index in inactive obese women. J Arak Univ Med Sci. 2016; 19 (9): 12- 21. http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-4521-en.html


29. Hawker GA, Mian S, Kendzerska T, French M. Measures of adult pain: Visual analog scale for pain (vas pain), numeric rating scale for pain (nrs pain), mcgill pain questionnaire (mpq), short‐form mcgill pain questionnaire (sf‐mpq), chronic pain grade scale (cpgs), short form‐36 bodily pain scale (sf‐36 bps), and measure of intermittent and constant osteoarthritis pain (icoap). Arthritis Care Res. 2011; 63 (S11): S240- S52. [DOI:10.1002/acr.20543] [PMID:22588748].


30. Choobine S, Akbarnejad A, Borjian M, Kordi MR. The effect of Omega-3 supplementation on serum prostaglandin E2 in athlete women after a single bout of exhaustive exercise. J Sport Biosci. 2013; 4 (15): 121- 33. [DOI:10.22059/jsb.2013.29782]


31. Hooshmand Moghadam B, Kordi MR, Mahdian S. The effect of Barberry Juice supplement on Prostaglandin E2 level caused by intense aerobic activity in active young girls. J Bir Univ Med Sci. 2017; 24: 1- 9. http://journal.bums.ac.ir/article-1-2235-en.html


32. Joukar S, Mahdavi N. Alterations of blood pressure and ECG following two-week consumption of Berberis integerrima fruit extract. Int Scholarly Res Notices. 2014; 2014. [DOI:10.1155/2014/209683] [PMID:27351000] [PMCID:4897583]


33. Cheung K, Hume PA, Maxwell L. Delayed onset muscle soreness. Sports Med. 2003; 33 (2): 145- 64. [DOI:10.2165/00007256-200333020-00005] [PMID:12617692]


34. Yeşilada E, Küpeli E. Berberis crataegina DC. Root exhibits potent anti-inflammatory, analgesic and febrifuge effects in mice and rats. J Ethnopharm. 2002; 79 (2): 237- 48. [DOI:10.1016/s0378-8741(01)00387-7] [PMID:11801387]


35. Cui G, Qin X, Zhang Y, Gong Z, Ge B, Zang YQ. Berberine differentially modulates the activities of ERK, p38 MAPK, and JNK to suppress Th17 and Th1 T cell differentiation in type 1 diabetic mice. J Biol Chem. 2009; 284 (41): 28420- 9. [DOI:10.1074/jbc.M109.012674] [PMID:19661066] [PMCID:PMC2788891]


36. Adlard PA, Perreau VM, Cotman CW. The exercise-induced expression of BDNF within the hippocampus varies across life-span. Neurobiol Aging. 2005; 26 (4): 511- 20. [DOI:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2004.05.006] [PMID:15653179]


37. Close GL, Ashton T, Cable T, Doran D, MacLaren DP. Eccentric exercise, isokinetic muscle torque and delayed onset muscle soreness: the role of reactive oxygen species. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2004; 91 (5): 615- 21. [DOI:10.1007/s00421-003-1012-2] [PMID:14685863]


38. Radák Z, Kaneko T, Tahara S, Nakamoto H, Pucsok J, Sasvári M, et al. Regular exercise improves cognitive function and decreases oxidative damage in rat brain. Neurochem Int. 2001; 38 (1): 17- 23. [DOI:10.1016/s0197-0186(00)00063-2] [PMID:10913684]


39. Centner C, Zdzieblik D, Dressler P, Fink B, Gollhofer A, Koenig D. Acute effects of blood flow restriction on exercise-induced free radical production in young and healthy subjects. Free Rad Res. 2018; 52 (4): 446- 54. [DOI:10.1080/10715762.2018.1440293] [PMID:29448855]


40. Spirlandeli A, Deminice R, Jordao A. Plasma malondialdehyde as biomarker of lipid peroxidation: effects of acute exercise. Int J Sports Med. 2014; 35 (01): 14- 8. [DOI:10.1055/s-0033-1345132] [PMID:23771832]


41. Cunningham P, Geary M, Harper R, Pendleton A, Stover S. High intensity sprint training reduces lipid peroxidation in fast- twitch skeletal muscle. J Exer Physiol. 2005; 8(6): 8- 25.


42. Chevion S, Moran DS, Heled Y, Shani Y, Regev G, Abbou B, et al. Plasma antioxidant status and cell injury after severe physical exercise. PNAS. 2003; 100 (9): 5119- 23. [DOI:10.1073/pnas.0831097100] [PMID:12702774] [PMCID:154308]


43. Ji L, Zhang Y. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of exercise: role of redox signaling. Free Rad Res. 2014; 48 (1): 3- 11. [DOI:10.3109/10715762.2013.844341] [PMID:24083482]


44. Child R, Brown S, Day S, Donnelly A, Roper H, Saxton J. Changes in indices of antioxidant status, lipid peroxidation and inflammation in human skeletal muscle after eccentric muscle actions. Clin Sci. 1999; 96 (1): 105- 15. [PMID:9857113]